十、升麻汤。治大人小儿时气瘟疫，头痛足冷，脉数发热，肢体烦疼，及疮疹疑贰之间
，并宜服之。或未经解利而疮毒已发。又云∶证候未全或未明者，但可与解散之也。又云∶
患疮疹，大便自如常者，亦可服升麻汤。盖用升麻，其性苦寒无毒，主解百毒，杀鬼邪，辟
瘟瘴虫毒，中恶腹痛，咽喉口疮皆毒也，疮痘亦毒故也；其次用葛根性平，治消渴大热，解
肌发表出汗，开腠理，治头痛。升麻葛根二药，皆治伏热毒，动心恍惚，惊悸烦躁。大抵疮
疹是蕴热毒，葛根解热，升麻去毒也。病热而药性微寒，冷热相攻，则芍药治时行寒热，又
活血痹，使疮痘易出也。又利小便，疮疹有大热者，则利小便也。次有甘草调和之，况《新
书》言疮疹渴躁甚者，亦用炙草散主之。四者解毒治热调荣卫为治，疮疹之要药也，为在疑
贰之间，非疮疹伏热而发热者。有伤寒伤风，伤食惊证，兼患疮疹而禀气怯者，皆发虚热，
而非实热。若服之是疮疹者，则毒减而愈，他证者反以为害，不能尽述其由，但有壮热而面
青，目白睛不黄赤，大便不秘，小便清者，皆不可服，里无蕴热故也。此药治未发疮疹之前
，疮疹已愈之后，服之清毒故也，非正出时服。
升麻 葛根 芍药 甘草（等分）
上为粗末，每服二钱，水一盏，同煎至半盏，去滓温服，不拘时候。亦可为细末，汤调
服，身心烦热即温服，寒多即热服。
十一、惺惺散。治数证，皆为纯阳人所用。古人处为小儿药，非乃里寒者可服，且以药
对其证用之意。大抵浑身壮热，必由风热疮疹，伤寒时气，且先与之也。其头痛目涩，鼻流
清涕者，用细辛。喘粗者，用桔梗人参。多睡者，用茯苓。恐伤寒时气乘里弱者，用白术也
。治风热疮疹，栝蒌根也，栝蒌味苦寒。治身热烦满，大热，除肠胃中痼热入疽，面黄躁渴
，通月水而利小便，热而胸痹不下乳，阳证伤寒，治痈下乳，皆攻其热也。故非里寒者可用
，其里寒者，由身有大壮热，不渴而大便反利，小便不赤，面青目白睛不黄赤，皆里寒证也
，其中虽有白术以温，终非为虚热者用。人之脏腑寒，则寒药先效，热药未必能制之；脏腑
热则热药先效，寒未能制之。此热之自然也，岂得不辨表里冷热而用药也？《和剂方》小儿
伤寒壮热，当先服此，大效。次服羌活散。如壮热未退，切不可与通利大便及凉药，恐是疮
疹，服药则误矣。
苦桔梗 细辛（去叶） 人参 甘草 白茯苓（去皮） 栝蒌根 白术（各一两半）
上为细末，每服一钱，水一盏，入薄荷二叶，同煎至三分，去渣温服。要和气入姜煎，
不拘时候，身虽壮热，大便自利者，不可服。
十二、荆芥散。治麻痘子兼瘙痒，或瘾疹，大便自过。
上用荆芥少许烂研，以新井水将布帛裂过，入一滴许麻油打匀，令饮之，便不乱闷。麻
豆已出，用黄蜡煎青胶水饮，即安。青胶水，乃牛皮胶也。荆芥治血风，麻子是疹子，常言
风瘙瘾疹，则皆出皮肤，其毒轻而浮。又以麻油打匀，此滑窍之理，又以黄蜡煎青胶水服则
安，此滋血行荣卫，荣卫既顺，麻疹出矣。《指迷方》荆芥汤乃消毒饮，加薄荷煎服之。
十三、羌活散。解热散毒，治风壅欲作疮痘者。
羌活 独活 川芎 桔梗 蝉蜕 前胡 柴胡 地骨皮 甘草（炙） 栝蒌 天麻（炙）
荆芥 防风（各等分）
上为细末，每服一钱，水三分盏，薄荷三叶，盏内煎至二分，通口服，量大小加减药水
，此药详其药味，治风治寒治惊，下痰凉脾，治血热透肌，但实热发，无所不治。如禀受怯
弱，或脾胃弱，或外热，目白睛青色，皆里无热，不可误用。
十四、夺命散。治疮疹已发未发，并宜服之。
升麻 糯米 紫草 甘草（以上各半两） 木通（二钱半）
上锉为散，每服一大钱，水七分，煎四分，去滓温服。出疮疹热毒热甚者可服，解蕴热
，利小便，疮痘初发气盛，亦宜服。
十五、牛蒡散。凉风解毒。
上用牛蒡子，炒为末，水煎一盏服之。小儿冬月有非节之暖，及春月天气暄暖，或甘肥
之过，或重衣温浓，帏帐周密，伤皮肤，害血脉，疮疡发黄，是生多疾，宜预常服之也。
十六、葛根橘皮汤。治冬温未即病，春被积寒所折不得发，至夏热得其寒解，冬温始发
，肌肉斑烂，瘾疹如锦纹而咳，心闷，但呕吐清汁，服此。
葛根 橘皮（去白） 杏仁（去皮尖） 知母 黄芩 麻黄（去节） 甘草（炙）
上件锉散等分，每服抄三钱，用水一盏，同煎半盏，去渣温服，不拘时候。
十七、薄荷散方。小儿才觉是疮疹，宜服之。
薄荷叶（一两） 麻黄（去节） 甘草（炙，半两）
上为细末，每服二钱，水一中盏，枣二枚，生姜三片，同煎至六分，去渣放温，日三两
次服。此是小儿禀受壅实，毒瓦斯甚者宜服。盖此方云∶小儿才觉是疹痘便服之。服之而汗出
者，服调中散，服薄荷散。若作寒热脉反迟者，进脱齿散以温之。详其理非下药之法也。实
者服之未必安，虚者服之必危殆。
十、升麻汤。治疗成人和儿童患时行瘟疫，出现头痛、脚冷、脉象数且发热、肢体烦痛，以及处于痘疹疑似阶段的情况，都适宜服用此方。或者在尚未进行解表透疹处理而痘毒已经发出的情况。又说：证候表现不完全或不明显的，只可给予解散邪气的药物。又说：患痘疹，大便通畅正常的，也可以服用升麻汤。因为使用升麻，其性味苦寒无毒，主要功效是解除各种毒素，驱除鬼邪，辟除瘟瘴虫毒，治疗中恶腹痛，咽喉口疮都是毒邪所致，痘疮也是毒邪所致；其次使用葛根，性平，治疗消渴大热，解肌发表出汗，开泄腠理，治疗头痛。升麻和葛根这两味药，都能治疗伏藏的热毒，缓解心神恍惚、惊悸烦躁。大抵痘疹是由于蕴积热毒，葛根能清热，升麻能去毒。病势热而药性微寒，冷热相互攻伐，所以用芍药治疗时行寒热，又能活血通痹，使痘疮容易发出。又能通利小便，痘疹有大热的，则通过利小便来泄热。再次有甘草来调和诸药，况且《新书》说痘疹口渴烦躁严重的，也用炙甘草散主治。这四味药解毒、治热、调和营卫，是治疗痘疹的要药，适用于处于疑似阶段，并非痘疹伏热而发热的情况。如果有伤寒、伤风、伤食、惊证，兼患痘疹且禀赋气怯的人，都会发生虚热，而非实热。如果服用此药是针对痘疹的，那么毒邪减轻而痊愈，其他证候反而会造成危害，不能详尽叙述其中的原因，只要有壮热而面色青，眼白睛不黄赤，大便不通秘结，小便清长的，都不可服用，因为体内没有蕴积热毒的缘故。此药治疗未发痘疹之前，或痘疹已愈之后，服用是为了清除毒邪，并非痘疹正发出时服用。
升麻、葛根、芍药、甘草（等分）
以上药材捣成粗末，每次服用二钱，加水一盏，同煎至半盏，去渣温服，不限时候。也可以制成细末，用开水调服，身心烦热就温服，寒多就热服。
十一、惺惺散。治疗多种证候，都适合纯阳体质的人使用。古人将其作为小儿药方，如果不是里寒证才可以服用，这是以药物对应证候的意思。大抵浑身壮热，必定是由风热痘疹、伤寒时气引起，应当先给予此方。那些头痛目涩、鼻流清涕的，用细辛。喘促气粗的，用桔梗、人参。嗜睡的，用茯苓。担心伤寒时气乘里虚弱而入里的，用白术。治疗风热痘疹，用栝蒌根，栝蒌味苦寒。治疗身热烦满、大热，清除肠胃中久积的热毒入疽，面色黄、烦躁口渴，通月经而利小便，热盛胸痹不下乳，阳证伤寒，治疗痈肿下乳，都是攻逐热邪。所以如果不是里寒证就可以使用，如果是里寒证，表现为身体有大壮热但不口渴而大便反而稀溏，小便不红赤，面色青、眼白睛不黄赤，这些都是里寒证，其中虽然有白术以温补，终究不是为虚热证准备的。人的脏腑寒，则寒药先见效，热药未必能制约它；脏腑热则热药先见效，寒药未能制约它。这是热的自然规律，怎能不辨别表里冷热而用药呢？《和剂局方》中小儿伤寒壮热，应当先服用此方，效果显著。其次服用羌活散。如果壮热未退，切不可给予通利大便及凉药，恐怕是痘疹，服药就会误事。
苦桔梗、细辛（去叶）、人参、甘草、白茯苓（去皮）、栝蒌根、白术（各一两半）
以上研成细末，每次服用一钱，加水一盏，放入薄荷二叶，同煎至三分，去渣温服。若要调和气血加入生姜煎煮，不限时候，身体虽然壮热但大便自利的，不可服用。
十二、荆芥散。治疗麻疹痘疮兼瘙痒，或瘾疹，大便正常。
以上取少许荆芥烂研，用新井水将布帛撕裂过滤，滴入一滴左右麻油搅匀，让患者饮下，便不会昏闷。麻豆已出，用黄蜡煎青胶水饮用，即安。青胶水，就是牛皮胶。荆芥治疗血风，麻子是疹子，常言风瘙瘾疹，都出于皮肤，其毒轻而浮。又用麻油打匀，这是滑窍的道理，又以黄蜡煎青胶水服用则安，这是滋血行营卫，营卫既顺，麻疹就发出了。《指迷方》荆芥汤乃是消毒饮，加薄荷煎服。
十三、羌活散。解热散毒，治疗风壅欲作疮痘者。
羌活、独活、川芎、桔梗、蝉蜕、前胡、柴胡、地骨皮、甘草（炙）、栝蒌、天麻（炙）、荆芥、防风（各等分）
以上研成细末，每次服用一钱，加水三分盏，薄荷三叶，在盏内煎至二分，通口服，根据年龄大小加减药水量，此药详细分析其药味，治疗风、治疗寒、治疗惊，降痰凉脾，治疗血热透肌，只要是实热发作，无所不治。如禀受怯弱，或脾胃弱，或外热，眼白睛青色，都是里没有热，不可误用。
十四、夺命散。治疗痘疹已发未发，都适宜服用。
升麻、糯米、紫草、甘草（以上各半两）、木通（二钱半）
以上锉成散剂，每次服用一大钱，加水七分，煎至四分，去渣温服。发出痘疹热毒热甚者可服用，解除蕴热，利小便，痘痘初发气盛，也适宜服用。
十五、牛蒡散。凉风解毒。
以上用牛蒡子，炒为末，水煎一盏服用。小儿冬季有非节之暖，及春季天气暄暖，或因甘肥过度，或穿衣过厚温暖，帷帐周密，损伤皮肤，害血脉，疮疡发黄，是生多疾，宜预先常服用此药。
十六、葛根橘皮汤。治疗冬温未即刻发病，春季被积寒所折不得发散，至夏季热得其寒解，冬温始发，肌肉斑烂，瘾疹如锦纹而咳，心闷，仅呕吐清汁，服用此方。
葛根、橘皮（去白）、杏仁（去皮尖）、知母、黄芩、麻黄（去节）、甘草（炙）
以上锉散等分，每次取三钱，用水一盏，同煎半盏，去渣温服，不限时候。
十七、薄荷散方。小儿刚觉得是疮疹，适宜服用。
薄荷叶（一两）、麻黄（去节）、甘草（炙，半两）
以上研成细末，每次服用二钱，加水一中盏，枣二枚，生姜三片，同煎至六分，去渣放温，每日两三次服用。这是小儿禀受壅实，毒瓦斯甚者适宜服用。大概此方说：小儿刚觉得是疹痘便服用。服用后汗出的，服用调中散，服用薄荷散。若出现寒热脉反迟的，进脱齿散以温之。详究其理并非下药的方法。实证服用未必安宁，虚证服用必致危殆。
10. Shengma Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Bupleurum Decoction). It treats adults and children suffering from seasonal epidemics, presenting with headache, cold feet, rapid pulse with fever, restlessness and pain in the limbs, as well as during the ambiguous stage of variola/varioliform eruptions. It is suitable for all these conditions. Or when the eruptions have already appeared without prior resolution and release of pathogens. It is also stated: For cases where symptoms are incomplete or unclear, only dispersing agents should be administered. Furthermore, for those suffering from variola/varioliform eruptions with normal bowel movements, Shengma Tang can also be taken. This is because Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) has a bitter, cold nature and is non-toxic; it primarily resolves various toxins, expels evil spirits, wards off pestilence and insect poisons, treats sudden abdominal pain due to evil invasion, and addresses sores in the throat and mouth, all of which are caused by toxicity; similarly, acne and smallpox are also caused by toxicity. Secondly, Gegen (Puerariae Radix) has a neutral nature; it treats thirst and high fever, releases the muscle layer to induce sweating, opens the interstices, and treats headaches. Both Shengma and Gegen treat latent heat toxins, alleviating mental confusion, palpitations, and irritability. Generally speaking, variola/varioliform eruptions are caused by accumulated heat toxins; Gegen clears heat, while Shengma removes toxins. Since the disease involves heat and the medicinal properties are slightly cold, counteracting each other, Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) is used to treat alternating chills and fever from seasonal pathogens, invigorates blood and unblocks bi-syndromes, facilitating the eruption of acne and smallpox. It also promotes urination; for eruptions with severe heat, promoting urination helps drain the heat. Finally, Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) harmonizes the formula. Moreover, "Xinshu" states that for severe thirst and irritability in variola/varioliform eruptions, Zhi Cao San (Honey-fried Licorice Powder) is also used. These four herbs resolve toxins, clear heat, and harmonize Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi), serving as key medicines for treating variola/varioliform eruptions. They are applicable when the condition is ambiguous, not specifically for fever caused by latent heat in eruptions. If one suffers from Taiyang syndrome (exogenous febrile disease affecting the exterior), Wind-cold attack, food stagnation, or fright syndromes, combined with variola/varioliform eruptions and a constitutionally weak Qi, they will develop deficiency-heat rather than excess-heat. If this formula is taken for actual variola/varioliform eruptions, the toxin decreases and recovery occurs; however, for other syndromes, it may cause harm. The reasons cannot be fully detailed here, but generally, if there is high fever with a blueish complexion, white sclera without yellow/red discoloration, non-constipated bowels, and clear urine, it must not be taken because there is no accumulated heat in the interior. This medicine is intended for use before the eruption of variola/varioliform lesions or after they have healed, to clear toxins, not during the active eruption phase.
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Gegen (Puerariae Radix), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (equal parts)
Grind into coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 sheng of water, decoct until half remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. It can also be made into a fine powder and taken with hot water. Take warm if experiencing physical and mental restlessness and heat; take hot if cold predominates.
11. Xingxing San (Awakening Powder). Treats multiple syndromes, suitable for individuals with pure Yang constitutions. Ancient physicians prescribed it for children; it can be taken if there is no interior cold, based on the principle of matching medicine to syndrome. Generally, generalized high fever is likely due to Wind-heat from variola/varioliform eruptions or exogenous febrile diseases from seasonal pathogens, and this formula should be given first. For headache, dry eyes, and runny clear nose, use Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma). For wheezing and coarse breathing, use Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). For excessive sleepiness, use Fuling (Poria). To prevent exogenous febrile diseases from exploiting interior weakness, use Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma). For Wind-heat variola/varioliform eruptions, use Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix); Gualou is bitter and cold. It treats body heat, restlessness, fullness, and high fever, clears chronic heat in the stomach and intestines leading to carbuncles, addresses yellow complexion, irritability, and thirst, regulates menstruation, and promotes urination. It treats heat-induced chest bi-syndrome with failure of lactation, Yang-pattern exogenous febrile disease, and carbuncles with failure of lactation, all by attacking heat. Therefore, it can be used if there is no interior cold. Interior cold is characterized by high fever without thirst, loose stools instead of constipation, non-red urine, blueish complexion, and white sclera without yellow/red discoloration; these are signs of interior cold. Although Baizhu warms, this formula is ultimately not for deficiency-heat. When the internal organs are cold, cold medicines act first, and hot medicines may not control it; when the internal organs are hot, hot medicines act first, and cold medicines fail to control it. This is the natural law of heat. How can one prescribe without distinguishing between exterior/interior and cold/heat? In "Heji Fang," for pediatric exogenous febrile disease with high fever, this should be taken first with great efficacy, followed by Qianghuo San. If high fever persists, do not administer laxatives or cooling medicines, lest it be variola/varioliform eruptions, causing error in treatment.
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, leaves removed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), Fuling (Poria, peel removed), Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 liang 5 qian)
Grind into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, add 1 sheng of water, put in 2 leaves of Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), decoct until three parts remain, remove residue, and take warm. To harmonize Qi, add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and decoct. Take at any time. Do not take if there is high fever but spontaneous loose stools.
12. Jingjie San (Schizonepeta Powder). Treats measles and smallpox with itching, or urticaria, with normal bowel movements.
Take a small amount of Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), grind thoroughly, filter through torn cloth soaked in fresh well water, add a drop of Mahua oil, mix well, and drink. This prevents dizziness and fainting. Once measles/smallpox have erupted, boil Huangla (Beeswax) with Qingjiao Shui (Ox Hide Glue) and drink; this brings peace. Qingjiao Shui is Ox Hide Glue. Jingjie treats Blood-Wind. Measles are rashes; commonly referred to as Wind-rash or Urticaria, they appear on the skin surface, indicating light and floating toxicity. Using Mahua oil facilitates opening the orifices. Boiling Huangla with Qingjiao Shui nourishes Blood and moves Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi). Once Ying and Wei are smooth, measles erupt. In "Zhimi Fang," Jingjie Tang is essentially Xiaodu Yin (Detoxification Decoction) with added Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) decocted and taken.
13. Qianghuo San (Notopterygii Root Powder). Clears heat and dissipates toxins, treating Wind obstruction preceding the eruption of acne and smallpox.
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried), Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma, honey-fried), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (equal parts)
Grind into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, add 3/10 sheng of water, 3 leaves of Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), decoct in a cup until two parts remain, take orally. Adjust the amount of water according to age. Analyzing the ingredients, this formula treats Wind, Cold, and Fright, descends Phlegm, cools the Spleen, treats Blood-heat, and penetrates the muscle layer. It treats everything if it is an Excess-Heat eruption. However, if the constitution is weak, or the Spleen and Stomach are weak, or there is external heat with blueish sclera, indicating no heat in the interior, it must not be used mistakenly.
14. Duoming San (Life-Snatching Powder). Treats variola/varioliform eruptions whether erupted or not yet erupted; suitable for both.
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Nuomi (Oryza Sativa Glutinosa Semen), Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Lithospermi Radix), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (each half liang above), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) (2 qian 5 fen)
Cut into pieces to make a powder. Take 1 large qian per dose, add 7/10 sheng of water, decoct until 4/10 remains, remove dregs, and take warm. It can be taken if the heat toxin of erupting variola/varioliform eruptions is severe, to resolve accumulated heat and promote urination. It is also suitable for early-stage eruptions with vigorous Qi.
15. Niubang San (Arctii Seed Powder). Cools Wind and resolves toxins.
Take Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus), stir-fry into powder, decoct in water (1 sheng) and take. In winter, if there is abnormal warmth, or in spring when the weather is warm, or due to overindulgence in sweet and fatty foods, or wearing heavy warm clothes, or tight curtains damaging the skin and harming the blood vessels, leading to yellowing of sores and many illnesses, it is advisable to take this regularly in advance.
16. Gegen Jupi Tang (Kudzu and Tangerine Peel Decoction). Treats Winter-Warmth that did not manifest immediately, suppressed by accumulated Cold in Spring, unable to erupt. By Summer, Heat resolves the Cold, and Winter-Warmth finally manifests, causing muscle erosion, urticaria like brocade patterns with cough, chest oppression, and vomiting only clear fluid. Take this formula.
Gegen (Puerariae Radix), Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed), Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Semen, peel and tip removed), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, joints removed), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried)
Cut into pieces, equal parts. Scoop 3 qian per dose, add 1 sheng of water, decoct until half remains, remove residue, and take warm at any time.
17. Bohe San Formula (Mint Powder). Suitable for children who just feel the onset of variola/varioliform eruptions.
Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, 1 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, joints removed), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried, half liang)
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 zhong sheng of water, 2 dates, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct until 6/10 remains, remove residue, let cool to warm, take twice or three times daily. This is suitable for children with constitutional congestion and excess, where toxic vapors are severe. As this formula states: Take it as soon as the child feels the rash/pox. If sweating occurs after taking it, take Tiaozhong San (Regulate Middle Powder) or continue with Bohe San. If chills and fever occur with a slow pulse, administer Tuochi San (Tooth-Falling Powder) to warm. Detailed analysis shows this is not a method for using purgatives. Taking it for Excess syndromes may not bring peace; taking it for Deficiency syndromes will surely lead to danger.