《大全》云∶产后血晕者,由败血流入肝经,以致眼黑头旋不能起坐,甚至昏闷不省人
事,
谓之血晕。以细酒调入黑神散最佳。若作暗风中风治之误矣。然其由有三∶用心使力过多而
晕者(用心使力过多作晕,治法大都以清心凉血补益为主。《产后保命集方》云∶童便或麦
冬、乌梅之类皆可,而薛氏用补中益气者,为劳力也。若用心则朱砂安神丸亦妙,或疑内有
黄连于产后不宜,则临症化裁可也),有下血过多而晕者,有下血少而晕者。其晕虽同,治
之则异,当审详之。下血多而晕者,昏而烦乱而已,当以补血清心药。下血少而晕者,乃恶
露不下,上抢于心,心下满急,神昏口噤,绝不知人,当以破血行血药。大抵血热乘虚逆上
凑心,以致昏迷不省,气闭欲绝者,饮童便最妙,或醋炭熏鼻亦可(醋解法收其神)。
仲景云∶产妇郁冒,其脉微弱,呕不能食,大便坚,但头汗出。所以然者,血虚而厥
,厥而
必冒,冒家欲解,必大汗出。以血虚下厥,孤阳上出,故头汗出。所以产妇喜汗出者亡阴,
血虚阳气独盛,故当汗出。阴阳乃复,所以大便坚,呕不能食也,小柴胡汤主之。病解能食
,七八日更发热者,此乃胃实,大承气汤主之。
按∶郁冒即晕也,观此则产后血晕有汗、下、和解三法,当分表里虚实为当。
《大全》说:产后血晕,是由于败血流入肝经,导致眼前发黑、头晕目眩不能起身坐立,甚至昏闷不省人事,这叫做血晕。用少量酒调服黑神散效果最佳。如果当作暗风或中风来治疗就错了。然而引起血晕的原因有三种:因用心过度、用力过多而晕厥的(用心用力过多导致的晕厥,治疗方法大多以清心凉血补益为主。《产后保命集方》说:童便或者麦冬、乌梅等都可以使用,薛氏使用补中益气汤,是因为属于劳力所致。如果是因思虑过度引起的,朱砂安神丸也很妙,有人怀疑其中含有黄连,认为产后不宜使用,那么临证时灵活加减即可),有因下血过多而晕厥的,有因下血少而晕厥的。虽然晕厥的表现相同,但治疗方法却不同,应当仔细审察。下血多而晕厥的,表现为昏沉且烦躁混乱,应当使用补血清心的药物。下血少而晕厥的,是恶露不下,逆气上冲于心,导致心下胀满急迫,神志昏迷、牙关紧闭,完全不知人事,应当使用破血行血的药物。大抵血热乘虚逆上凑扰心神,以致昏迷不省人事,气机闭塞欲绝者,饮用童便最为奇妙,或者用醋炭熏鼻也可以(醋能收敛其神)。
张仲景说:产妇郁冒,脉象微弱,呕吐不能进食,大便坚硬,只有头部出汗。之所以这样,是因为血虚导致厥逆,厥逆必然导致昏冒,昏冒想要解除,必须全身大汗出。因为血虚下部厥冷,孤阳上浮外越,所以只有头部出汗。因此产妇喜欢出汗,这是亡阴的表现,血虚则阳气独盛,所以应当出汗。阴阳恢复平衡,所以出现大便坚硬、呕吐不能进食的情况,用小柴胡汤主治。病愈后能进食,过了七八天又发热的,这是胃实(胃肠实热),用大承气汤主治。
The *Daquan* states: Postpartum blood dizziness (Xue Yun) is caused by failed blood entering the Liver meridian, resulting in blacking out of the eyes, vertigo, inability to rise or sit, and even coma with loss of consciousness, which is termed "blood dizziness." It is best treated by mixing Heishen San (Black Divine Powder) with a small amount of wine. Treating it as an obscure wind or stroke would be a mistake. However, there are three causes for this condition: dizziness due to excessive mental exertion and physical labor; dizziness due to excessive postpartum bleeding; and dizziness due to insufficient postpartum bleeding. Although the symptom of dizziness is the same, the treatment differs, so careful examination is required. For dizziness accompanied by excessive bleeding, characterized by lethargy and restlessness, tonifying blood and clearing the Heart should be used. For dizziness with insufficient bleeding, where lochia fails to discharge and rebellious qi rushes upward to the Heart, causing fullness and urgency below the heart, coma, locked jaw, and complete unconsciousness, blood-breaking and blood-moving herbs should be used. Generally, when heat in the blood rises counterflow due to deficiency and disturbs the Heart, leading to coma, loss of consciousness, and impending closure of Qi, drinking child's urine (Tong Bian) is most effective, or fumigating the nose with vinegar-heated charcoal is also acceptable (vinegar helps to astringe and restore spirit).
Zhang Zhongjing stated: In postpartum depression and vertigo (Yu Mao), the pulse is faint, there is vomiting and inability to eat, constipation, and only sweating on the head. The reason for this is that blood deficiency leads to Jue (reversal cold), and Jue inevitably leads to Mao (vertigo/coma). For Mao to resolve, there must be profuse sweating throughout the body. Because blood deficiency causes lower Jue, and solitary Yang floats upward and outward, only the head sweats. Therefore, postpartum patients who sweat excessively experience Yin depletion; blood deficiency allows Yang to stand alone in excess, hence sweating occurs. When Yin and Yang are restored, constipation and vomiting/inability to eat may occur. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is the primary formula. If the patient recovers and can eat, but develops fever again after seven or eight days, this indicates Stomach excess (Yangming Fu syndrome), and Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is the primary formula.
Commentary: Yu Mao refers to dizziness/vertigo. From this discussion, it is evident that postpartum blood dizziness involves three methods: diaphoresis (sweating), purgation (downward draining), and harmonizing. These should be applied according to the differentiation of exterior/interior and deficiency/excess.