妊娠腰痛，多属劳力。盖胞系于肾，劳力任重，致伤胞系，则腰必痛，甚则胞系欲脱，多至小产。故
宜安胎为主，胎安而痛自愈，痛愈而胎能安。若素安逸而腰痛，必房事不节，致伤胞系也。
脉缓，遇天阴、或久坐而痛者，湿热也。腰重如带物而冷者，寒
湿也。脉大而痛不已者，肾虚也。脉涩而日轻夜重者，气血凝滞
也。脉浮者，风邪所乘；脉实者，闪挫也。临月腰痛如脱肾者，将产也。
有妊妇月信不绝而胎不损，问产科熊宗古，答曰∶妇人血盛气衰，其人治肥，凡既妊之后，月信常来，而胎不动。
若便以漏胎治之则胎必堕。若不作漏胎治，其胎未必堕，今推宗古人之言，诚有旨也。巢氏云∶妇人有子之后，经血蓄
以养胎矣。有妊而月信每至，亦未必因血盛也。此因荣经有风，则经血喜动，以风胜故也。荣经既为风所胜，则所下者，
非养胎之血，若作漏胎治之，服保养补胎药，胎本不损，强以药滋之，是助其风行水动之势，其胎真堕矣。若知荣经有
风之理，专以一药治风，经信可止，或不服药，胎亦无恙，然亦有胎本不固，因房室不节，先漏而后堕者，须作漏胎治
之。《千金方》治妊娠下血不止，名曰漏胎，血尽子死，用生地八两，渍酒捣汁，服之无时。（张）秘授保胎神效丸一方，
药虽甚灵，但内有红花、没药，未解其意，观宗古之论，始悟立方之妙。今具于后，保产者珍之。
妊娠漏胎，此由冲任脉虚，不能约制手太阳、少阴之经血故也。冲任之脉为经络之海，起于胞内。
手太阳、少阴相为表里，上为乳汁，下为月水。有娠之人经水所以断者，壅之养胎也。冲任
气虚，则胞内泄不能制其经血，故月水时下名胞漏，血尽则毙。又有劳役，喜怒不节，饮食生冷，触冒
风寒，子脏为风冷所乘，气血失度，使胎不安，故也令下血也。丹溪曰∶胎漏多因于血热，然
亦有气虚血少，服凉血药而下血益甚，食少、体倦者，此脾气虚而不能摄血也，当以脉候参之。
妊妇壮实，六脉平和，饮食如故，余无所苦，但经时下者，是血气旺而养胎之余血也，不可强止，
亦不可使之行，但为和血、凉血、健脾为主，佛手散加条芩、白术、阿胶；或八珍汤加胶、艾。
妊娠期间出现腰痛，大多属于劳累过度所致。因为胞宫系于肾脏，劳累负重会损伤胞系，从而导致腰部疼痛，严重时甚至会导致胞系欲脱，极易引起小产。因此治疗应以安胎为主，胎元安稳则疼痛自然痊愈，疼痛消除则胎元得以保全。如果平时生活安逸却出现腰痛，必定是房事不节制，导致损伤了胞系。
脉象缓弱，遇到阴天或久坐后疼痛加重的，属于湿热证。腰部感觉沉重如同带着重物且发冷的，属于寒湿证。脉象大且疼痛不止的，属于肾虚证。脉象涩且白天轻晚上重的，属于气血凝滞证。脉象浮的，是风邪侵袭；脉象实的，是闪挫扭伤所致。临近分娩时腰痛如肾脱出般的，是即将临产的征兆。
有一位孕妇月经每月照常来潮但胎儿未受损，向产科医生熊宗古请教，他回答说：妇女若血盛气衰，且身体肥胖，怀孕之后月经常来，而胎儿并不动摇。如果此时按漏胎（妊娠期阴道出血）治疗，胎儿必然流产。如果不按漏胎治疗，胎儿未必会流产。现在推究熊宗古的话，确实很有深意。巢元方说：妇女怀孕后，经血蓄积以滋养胎儿。怀孕后月经每月仍来，也未必是因为血盛。这是因为营经有风邪，所以经血喜动，这是由于风邪胜过的缘故。营经既被风邪所胜，那么流出的就不是滋养胎儿的血，如果当作漏胎治疗，服用保养补胎的药物，胎儿本来没有损伤，强行用药滋补，这是助长风邪横行、水液动荡的趋势，胎儿真的会流产。如果懂得营经有风的道理，专门用一味药治风，月经即可停止，或者不服药，胎儿也无恙。然而也有胎儿本就不稳固，因房事不节制，先出现漏血而后流产的，必须按漏胎治疗。《千金方》治疗妊娠下血不止，名为漏胎，若血尽则胎儿死亡，使用生地八两，浸泡在酒中捣烂取汁，随时服用。（张）秘授保胎神效丸一方，药物虽然非常灵验，但里面含有红花、没药，我不理解其用意，观察熊宗古的论述，才领悟到立方的妙处。现在将其列在后面，从事保产工作的人要珍惜。
妊娠漏胎，这是由于冲任脉虚弱，不能约束手太阳小肠经和手少阴心经的经血所致。冲任二脉为经络之海，起于胞宫内部。手太阳与手少阴互为表里，上行化为乳汁，下行化为月经。怀孕之人月经之所以停止，是因为经血壅滞以滋养胎儿。冲任之气虚弱，则胞内泄泻不能制约经血，所以月经时下不停，称为胞漏，若血尽则危及生命。又有因劳累过度，喜怒情绪不节制，饮食生冷，触犯风寒，子脏被风冷邪气侵袭，气血失调，使胎儿不安，因而导致下血。朱丹溪说：胎漏多因于血热，但也有气虚血少的情况，服用凉血药后下血反而更严重，伴有食少、体倦者，这是脾气虚弱不能统摄血液，应当结合脉象参详。孕妇体质壮实，六脉平和，饮食正常，没有其他痛苦，只是月经按时来潮的，这是血气旺盛而滋养胎儿之余血，不可强行止住，也不可使其妄行，治疗应以调和血液、凉血、健脾为主，可用佛手散加入条芩、白术、阿胶；或者使用八珍汤加入阿胶、艾叶。
Lumbago during pregnancy is mostly attributable to physical overexertion. This is because the uterus (Baogong) is connected to the Kidneys; heavy labor and burdening damage the uterine ligaments, leading to lumbago. In severe cases, the uterine ligaments may feel as if they are detaching, often resulting in spontaneous abortion. Therefore, treatment should primarily focus on calming the fetus (An Tai). Once the fetus is stabilized, the pain will naturally subside; once the pain subsides, the fetus can be preserved. If a woman who usually leads an sedentary life experiences lumbago, it must be due to excessive sexual intercourse damaging the uterine ligaments.
A slow pulse (Mai Huan), with pain worsening on cloudy days or after prolonged sitting, indicates damp-heat (Shi Re). A sensation of heaviness in the lower back, as if weighed down by objects, accompanied by coldness, indicates cold-dampness (Han Shi). A large pulse (Mai Da) with unceasing pain indicates Kidney deficiency (Shen Xu). A choppy pulse (Mai Se) with symptoms lighter during the day and heavier at night indicates stagnation of Qi and blood (Qi Xue Ning Zhi). A floating pulse (Mai Fu) indicates invasion by wind pathogen (Feng Xie); a excess pulse (Mai Shi) indicates sprain or strain (Shan Cuo). Lumbago near term resembling a sensation of the Kidneys dislocating indicates impending labor (Jiang Chan).
A pregnant woman whose menstruation continued monthly without fetal loss consulted obstetrician Xiong Zonggu. He replied: In women where blood is abundant and Qi is deficient, particularly those who are obese, menstruation often continues after conception without disturbing the fetus. If treated as threatened abortion (Lou Tai - vaginal bleeding during pregnancy), the fetus will inevitably abort. If not treated as threatened abortion, the fetus may not abort. Analyzing Xiong Zonggu's words reveals profound wisdom. Chao Yuanfang stated: After conception, menstrual blood accumulates to nourish the fetus. Menstruation continuing during pregnancy is not necessarily due to abundant blood. It occurs because wind pathogens affect the Ying (Nutritive) vessels, causing the blood to move restlessly due to the dominance of wind. Since the Ying vessels are dominated by wind, the discharged blood is not that which nourishes the fetus. Treating this as threatened abortion and administering tonic herbs for fetal preservation would strengthen the momentum of wind movement and fluid agitation, potentially causing true fetal loss. Understanding the principle of wind in the Ying vessels, one could use a single herb to treat the wind, stopping the menses, or even abstain from medication, leaving the fetus unharmed. However, there are cases where the fetus is inherently unstable, and due to excessive sexual activity, bleeding precedes abortion; these must be treated as threatened abortion. The *Qian Jin Fang* treats persistent bleeding during pregnancy, named Lou Tai, where exhaustion of blood leads to fetal death, using eight taels of Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), soaked in wine, pounded to extract juice, taken frequently. Zhang's secret formula Baotai Shenxiao Wan is highly effective but contains Hong Hua (Carthami Flos) and Moyao (Olibanum Resina), whose purpose was unclear to me. Only after observing Xiong Zonggu's discussion did I comprehend the brilliance of its formulation. It is presented below for those engaged in prenatal care to cherish.
Threatened abortion during pregnancy arises from deficiency of the Chong and Ren vessels, failing to restrain the blood of the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine and Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridians. The Chong and Ren vessels are the sea of meridians, originating within the uterus. The Hand-Taiyang and Hand-Shaoyin meridians are exterior-interior pairs; their flow transforms into milk upwards and menstruation downwards. During pregnancy, menstruation stops because blood is retained to nourish the fetus. Deficiency of Qi in the Chong and Ren vessels leads to leakage within the uterus, inability to control menstrual blood, resulting in continuous bleeding known as Baolou (Uterine Leakage); if blood is exhausted, death ensues. Other causes include overwork, emotional irregularities (joy/anger), consumption of raw/cold foods, and exposure to wind-cold. When the Zi Zang (uterus) is invaded by wind-cold, Qi and blood become disordered, unsettling the fetus and causing bleeding. Zhu Danxi stated: Threatened abortion is mostly due to blood heat. However, in cases of Qi deficiency and blood scarcity, cooling-blood herbs may worsen bleeding. Patients with poor appetite and fatigue suffer from Spleen Qi deficiency failing to contain blood; pulse diagnosis should be consulted. For robust pregnant women with harmonious six pulses, normal diet, and no other discomfort, only regular menstrual flow occurs, this is surplus blood from vigorous Qi and blood nourishing the fetus. It should not be forcibly stopped nor allowed to flow freely. Treatment should focus on harmonizing blood, cooling blood, and strengthening the Spleen. Formula: Foshou San (Buddha's Hand Powder) added with Tiao Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini); or Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) added with E Jiao and Ai Ye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium).