〔大〕产后月水不调者,由产伤动血气,虚损未复,而风邪冷热之气客于经络,乍冷
乍热,冷则血结,热则血消,故令血或多或少,或在月前,或在月后,故名不调也。
〔薛〕前证若过期而作痛者,气血俱虚也,八珍加柴胡、丹皮。不及期而来,血热
也,四物、山栀、柴胡。将来而作痛者,血实也,四物加桃仁、红花。过期而来者,血
虚也,四物加参、术。紫黑成块者,血热也,四物加炒栀、炒连、丹皮。作痛而色淡者,痰
多也,四物合二陈。治当临证制宜。一产妇月经不调,内热燥渴,服寒凉之剂,血更
如崩,腹胀寒热,作呕少食。用六君子二十余剂,诸病悉愈,以加味逍遥散调理而安。
琥珀散 治产后经脉不调,四肢烦疼,饮食全少,日渐羸瘦。
琥珀 牛膝 生干地黄 当归(各一两) 桃仁 赤芍药(各半两)
上为粗末,每服三钱,水一盏,姜三片,煎至六分,去渣服。
姜黄丸 治产后虚乏不足,胸心短气,腹内紧急,腰背疼痛,月水不调,食少烦渴,四
肢无力。
姜黄 当归 熟地黄 牡丹皮 浓朴(制) 桂心 川芎 续断 桃仁 白术(各一两)
赤芍药 木香(各七钱半) 羚羊角屑(二钱半)
上为细末,炼蜜丸如梧子大。每服三十丸,食前温酒下。
【大论】产后月经失调,是由于分娩时损伤了气血,身体虚损尚未恢复,此时风邪及冷热之气侵袭经络。寒热交替,遇冷则血液凝结,遇热则血液消散,因此导致经量或多或少,经期或提前或推后,所以称为月经不调。
【薛己论述】上述病症如果经期推迟且伴有疼痛,属于气血两虚,可用八珍汤加入柴胡、牡丹皮治疗。如果经期提前来潮,属于血热,可用四物汤加山栀、柴胡治疗。如果在经期未来之前出现疼痛,属于血实(瘀血阻滞),可用四物汤加入桃仁、红花治疗。如果经期推迟来潮,属于血虚,可用四物汤加入人参、白术治疗。如果经血颜色紫黑且有血块,属于血热,可用四物汤加入炒山栀、炒黄连、牡丹皮治疗。如果疼痛但经血色淡,属于痰湿较多,可用四物汤合二陈汤治疗。治疗应当根据具体证候灵活制宜。曾有一产妇月经不调,伴有内热、口干燥渴,服用寒凉药物后,出血更加严重如崩漏般,并出现腹胀、寒热往来、呕吐、食欲减退等症状。使用六君子汤二十多剂后,各种病症全部痊愈,随后用加味逍遥散调理而安定康复。
琥珀散:治疗产后经脉不调,四肢烦扰疼痛,饮食完全减少,日渐消瘦。
药材组成:琥珀、牛膝、生干地黄、当归(各一两);桃仁、赤芍药(各半两)。
制法用法:将上述药材捣成粗末,每次服用三钱,加水一盏,生姜三片,煎煮至剩余六成水量,去渣后服用。
姜黄丸:治疗产后虚弱乏力,胸中短气,腹部内部拘急紧张,腰背疼痛,月经不调,食少烦渴,四肢无力。
药材组成:姜黄、当归、熟地黄、牡丹皮、浓朴(炮制)、桂心、川芎、续断、桃仁、白术(各一两);赤芍药、木香(各七钱半);羚羊角屑(二钱半)。
制法用法:将上述药材研为细末,用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸,饭前用温酒送服。
[Da Lun] Postpartum irregular menstruation is caused by the injury to Qi and Blood during childbirth, where the deficiency has not yet recovered. Wind pathogens and cold-heat Qi invade the meridians. Alternating cold and heat causes blood to coagulate in cold conditions and dissipate in heat conditions, resulting in varying amounts of menstrual flow, occurring either before or after the expected time, hence termed "irregular menstruation."
[Xue Ji's Commentary] If the aforementioned condition presents with pain upon delayed onset, it indicates a deficiency of both Qi and Blood; treat with Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) added with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Danpi (Moutan Cortex). If it arrives early, it indicates Heat in the Blood; treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) added with Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). If pain occurs prior to the expected onset, it indicates Excess of Blood (Blood Stasis); treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) added with Taoren (Persicae Semen) and Honghua (Carthami Flos). If it arrives late, it indicates Blood Deficiency; treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) added with Renshen (Ginseng Radix) and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma). If the blood is dark purple and forms clots, it indicates Heat in the Blood; treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) added with fried Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), fried Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Danpi (Moutan Cortex). If there is pain but the color is pale, it indicates excessive Phlegm-Dampness; treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) combined with Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction). Treatment must be adapted to the specific clinical presentation. A case involved a postpartum woman with irregular menstruation, internal heat, dry mouth, and thirst. After taking cooling agents, her bleeding worsened into a flooding pattern, accompanied by abdominal distension, alternating chills and fever, vomiting, and poor appetite. She was treated with Liujunzi Tang (Six-Gentleman Decoction) for over twenty doses, after which all symptoms resolved. She was then regulated with Jia Wei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) and recovered.
Hupo San (Amber Powder): Treats postpartum meridian irregularity, irritability and pain in the four limbs, complete loss of appetite, and progressive emaciation.
Ingredients: Hupo (Succinum), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Sheng Gan Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (each 1 liang); Taoren (Persicae Semen), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) (each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 zhan of water and 3 slices of fresh ginger, decoct until 6 fen remains, strain, and take warm.
Jianghuang Wan (Curcuma Pill): Treats postpartum weakness and insufficiency, shortness of breath in the chest and heart, tension in the abdomen, pain in the lower back and back, irregular menstruation, poor appetite, irritability and thirst, and weakness in the four limbs.
Ingredients: Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shu Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (processed), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix), Taoren (Persicae Semen), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 liang); Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) (each 0.75 liang); Lingyangjiao Xie (Saiga Tataricae Cornu) (0.25 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of guzi (white mustard seeds). Take 30 pills per dose, administered with warm wine before meals.