胎教已明,须知妊娠疾病,故以次之。凡妊娠诸病,但忌毒药,余当对证根据法治之。
《千金》∶妊娠一月,名始胚。饮食精熟,酸美受御。宜食大麦,毋食腥辛,是谓才正。
又妊娠一月,足厥阴脉养,不可针灸其经。足厥阴内属于肝,肝主筋及血。一月之内
,血行否涩,不为力事,寝心安静,毋令恐畏。
又妊娠一月,阴阳所合为胎。寒多为痛,热多卒惊,举重腰痛,腹满胞急,卒有所下,
当预安之。宜服乌雄鸡汤方。
乌雄鸡(一只,治如食法) 吴茱萸(一升) 茯苓 阿胶(各二两) 生姜 甘草(各
一两) 人参 芍药 白术(各三两) 麦门冬(五合,去心)
上十味细切,以水一斗二升,煮鸡取汁六升;去鸡下药,煮取三升,内酒三升,并胶烊
尽,取三升,去滓,温服一升。日三服。
又若曾伤一月胎者,当预服补胎方。
北细辛(一两) 防风(二两) 乌梅(一升) 吴茱萸(五合) 干地黄 白术(各
一两) 大麦(五合) 生姜(四两)
上 咀,以水七升,煮取二升半,去滓,分温三服。若寒多者,倍细辛、茱萸;热多渴
者,去细辛、茱萸,加栝蒌根二两。若有所思,去大麦,加柏子仁三合。一方有人参一两。
忌生菜、芜荑、桃、李、雀肉等物。
妊娠二月名始膏。毋食辛臊,居必静处,男子勿劳,百节疼痛,是谓胎始结。
又妊娠二月,足少阳脉养,不可针灸其经。足少阳内属于胆,胆主精。二月之时,儿精
成于胞里,当谨护勿惊动。
又妊娠二月,始阴阳踞经,有寒多坏不成,有热即萎。卒中风寒,有所动摇,心满、脐
下悬急、腰背强痛、卒有所下、乍寒乍热,艾汤主之方。
胎教的原则已经阐明,接下来必须了解妊娠期间的疾病,因此将其排在后面。凡是妊娠期间出现的各种疾病,只要避免使用毒药,其余的都应当根据证候,按照相应的法则进行治疗。
《千金方》记载:妊娠第一个月,称为“始胚”。饮食应当精细熟软,口味以酸味和美味为主。适宜食用大麦,不要食用腥膻和辛辣的食物,这叫做“才正”(即初步确立胎儿的正气)。
另外,在妊娠第一个月,足厥阴肝经的气血滋养胎儿,不可对该经脉进行针灸治疗。足厥阴肝经内连属于肝脏,肝脏主管筋脉和血液。在这一个月内,气血运行容易滞涩,不宜从事繁重的体力劳动,睡眠时心境要安宁平静,不要让孕妇感到恐惧或惊畏。
又,妊娠第一个月,是阴阳结合形成胎元的时期。如果寒邪偏盛,容易出现腹痛;热邪偏盛,则容易突然受惊;提举重物会导致腰痛,腹部胀满且胞宫拘急,若有突然阴道出血的情况,应当预先安胎。适宜服用乌雄鸡汤方。
乌雄鸡(一只,按食用方法处理)、吴茱萸(一升)、茯苓、阿胶(各二两)、生姜、甘草(各一两)、人参、芍药、白术(各三两)、麦门冬(五合,去心)。
以上十味药切碎,用水一斗二升,煮鸡取汁六升;捞出鸡肉后放入其他药物,再煮取三升药汁,加入酒三升,并将阿胶烊化溶解,最终取三升药液,滤去药渣,每次温服一升,每日三次。
北细辛(一两)、防风(二两)、乌梅(一升)、吴茱萸(五合)、干地黄、白术(各一两)、大麦(五合)、生姜(四两)。
以上药物切碎,用水七升,煮取二升半药液,滤去药渣,分三次温服。如果寒邪偏重者,加倍使用细辛和吴茱萸;如果热邪偏重且口渴者,去掉细辛和吴茱萸,加入栝蒌根二两。如果思虑过度者,去掉大麦,加入柏子仁三合。另一版本方剂中加入人参一两。忌食生菜、芫荽、桃、李、雀肉等食物。
妊娠第二个月,称为“始膏”。不要吃辛辣和腥臊的食物,居住环境必须安静,丈夫不要劳累扰民,若出现全身关节疼痛,这叫做胎元开始凝结。
另外,在妊娠第二个月,足少阳胆经的气血滋养胎儿,不可对该经脉进行针灸治疗。足少阳胆经内连属于胆腑,胆腑主管精。在第二个月的时候,胎儿的精气在胞宫内形成,应当谨慎保护,避免受到惊吓和扰动。
又,妊娠第二个月,阴阳之气开始在经络中汇聚。如果寒邪偏盛,会导致胎元受损而不能成形;如果热邪偏盛,则会导致胎萎不长。如果突然遭受风寒侵袭,导致胎动不安,出现心中烦闷、脐下悬吊感且拘急、腰背强直疼痛、突然阴道出血、忽冷忽热等症状,应当用艾汤主之方治疗。
The principles of prenatal education have been clarified; it is necessary to understand diseases during pregnancy, so they are presented subsequently. For all diseases occurring during pregnancy, provided that toxic drugs are avoided, the remaining conditions should be treated according to their specific syndromes and corresponding therapeutic principles.
*Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: In the first month of pregnancy, it is named "Shi Pei" (Initial Embryo). The diet should be refined and well-cooked, with sour and delicious flavors preferred. It is advisable to eat barley (*Hordeum vulgare*) and avoid pungent, spicy, or fishy foods; this is referred to as "Cai Zheng" (Establishing the Initial Righteousness).
Furthermore, in the first month of pregnancy, the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian nourishes the fetus, and acupuncture or moxibustion should not be applied to this meridian. The Foot-Jueyin internally connects to the Liver, which governs the sinews and blood. Within this month, the circulation of blood and qi may be sluggish; one should not engage in strenuous labor, maintain a calm state of mind during sleep, and avoid fear or apprehension.
Additionally, in the first month of pregnancy, the union of Yin and Yang forms the embryo. If Cold predominates, pain may occur; if Heat predominates, sudden fright may arise. Lifting heavy objects may cause lower back pain, abdominal fullness, and uterine urgency. If there is sudden vaginal bleeding, preventive measures for calming the fetus should be taken. It is suitable to administer Wu Xiong Ji Tang (Black-Bone Chicken Decoction).
Wu Xiong Ji (Male Black-Bone Chicken, one whole, prepared for cooking), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 1 sheng), Fuling (Poria), Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, each 2 liang), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, each 1 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, each 3 liang), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 5 he, heart removed).
The above ten ingredients are finely cut. Boil the chicken in 12 sheng of water until the liquid reduces to 6 sheng. Remove the chicken, add the remaining herbs, and boil until the liquid reduces to 3 sheng. Add 3 sheng of wine and dissolve the Ejiao completely. Finally, obtain 3 sheng of liquid, strain out the dregs, and take 1 sheng warm per dose, three times daily.
If the fetus has previously been damaged in the first month, preventive administration of Butai Fang (Fetus-Nourishing Formula) is indicated.
Beixixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 2 liang), Wumei (Mume Fructus, 1 sheng), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 5 he), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Damai (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, 5 he), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 4 liang).
The above ingredients are coarsely chopped. Boil in 7 sheng of water until reduced to 2.5 sheng. Strain out the dregs and divide into three warm doses. If Cold predominates, double the dosage of Xixin and Zhuyu; if Heat predominates with thirst, remove Xixin and Zhuyu and add Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 2 liang). If there is excessive mental preoccupation, remove Damai and add Baiziren (Biota Semen, 3 he). Another version includes Renshen (1 liang). Avoid raw vegetables, Coriandrum sativum (Yanyi), peaches, plums, and sparrow meat.
In the second month of pregnancy, it is named "Shi Gao" (Initial Paste). Avoid pungent and fishy foods; reside in quiet places; the husband should avoid exertion. If there is pain in all joints, this signifies the initial consolidation of the fetus.
Furthermore, in the second month of pregnancy, the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian nourishes the fetus, and acupuncture or moxibustion should not be applied to this meridian. The Foot-Shaoyang internally connects to the Gallbladder, which governs essence. During the second month, the fetus's essence forms within the uterus; careful protection is required to prevent fright and disturbance.
Additionally, in the second month of pregnancy, Yin and Yang energies begin to gather in the meridians. If Cold predominates, the fetus may fail to develop properly; if Heat predominates, the fetus may atrophy. If suddenly exposed to Wind-Cold causing fetal movement instability, accompanied by chest fullness, hanging tension below the umbilicus, stiffness and pain in the lower back, sudden vaginal bleeding, and alternating chills and fever, Ai Tang Zhu Zhi Fang (Decoction Mainly for Calming the Fetus with Mugwort) should be used.