凡人生产，先知此十产证候，则生产之妇永无伤损性命。生产之间，性命最重。幸而孩
子易生，人不知福，万一有少艰难，则须臾之间，子母之命悬于丝发，但世人所患者，惟看
生产。收生之人，少有精良妙手，缘此而多有倾性命。余因伤痛其事，不为无补。（外有盘
肠产，仆添方法在后）
一曰正产∶
正产者，盖妇人怀胎十月满足，阴阳气足，忽然腰腹作阵疼痛，相次胎气顿陷，至于脐
腹疼痛极甚，乃至腰间重痛，谷道挺迸，继之浆破血下，儿子遂生，此名正产。
二曰伤产∶
伤产者，盖妇人怀胎，忽有七月、八月而产；忽至九月、十月而产；忽有经一年、二年
，乃至四年、五年而后产者。今独以十月满足为正产。盖一人之生，阴注阳定，各有时日，
不可改移。今有未产一月以前，忽然脐腹疼痛，有如欲产，仍却无事，是名试月，非正产也
。但一切产母，未有前面正产证候，即不可令人抱腰，产母亦不可妄乱用力。盖欲产之妇，
脐腹疼痛，儿身未顺，收生之人，却教产母虚乱用力，儿身才方转动，却被产母用力一逼，
遂使儿子错路，忽横忽倒，不能正生，皆缘产母未当用力之所致也。凡产母用力，须待儿子
顺身，临逼门户，方始用力一送，令儿下生，此方是产母之用力当也。若未有正产之候而用
力伤早，并妄服药饵，令儿下生，譬如揠苗而助之长，非独无益，而又害之，此名伤产。
三曰催产∶
催产者，言妇人欲产，浆破血下，脐腹作阵疼痛，其痛极甚，腰重、谷道挺迸，已见是
正产之候，但儿却未生，即可服药以催之。忽有经及数日，产母困苦，已分明见得是正产之
候，但儿子难生，亦可服药以助产母之正气，令儿速得下生，此名催生。
四曰冻产∶
冻产者，盖言三冬之月，天气寒冷，产母经血得冷，则凝结而不散。因其血之不散，以
至儿子不能生下。此之一弊，为害最深，然世人不知觉。若冬月，产妇下部不可脱去绵衣
，并不坐卧寒冷之处，当满房着火，令遍房常有暖气，常令产母背身向火，令脐下、腿膝间
常有暖气。若背上、心前少闻寒冷，须是暖炙绵衣以包之为贵，其血得热则流散，使儿子易
生，此名冻产。若春秋之间，天地少有阴湿寒冷之气，亦可就房中以微炭火暖之为妙。
五曰热产∶
热产者，盖言盛暑之月，欲产之妇当要其温凉得所，不可因热恣意取凉，反有伤损胎气
。又生产之处，不可多着人数，切恐人多，热气逼袭产母。盖人之血气，得热则散，热过则
损。今当夏暑炎热之盛，而产母气虚，人气一逼，则其血沸溢，而血得热则上蒸，能令产母
发热头痛，面赤昏昏如醉，乃至不知人事。世有名血晕者，缘此而成也，此名热产。若值夏
月，少有清凉之气，阴雨之变。产母亦不可任意取凉，恐生大病。
六曰横产∶
横产者，盖儿子下生，先露其手，忽先露其臀，此因未当用力而产母用力之过也。脐腹
疼痛，儿身未顺，则是产母用力一逼，遂致身横而不能生下。不幸而有此证候，当令产母安
然仰卧，令看生之人推而入去。凡推儿之法，先推其儿身，令直上，渐渐通手以中指摩其肩
，推其上而正之，渐引指攀其耳而正之。须是产母仰卧，然后推儿直上，徐徐正之，候其身
正、门路皆顺，煎催生药一盏，令产母吃了，方可令产母用力，令儿下生，此名横产。倘若
看生之人非精良妙手，不可根据用此法，恐恣其愚，以伤人命。
七曰倒产∶
倒产者，盖因其母胎气不足，关键不牢，用力太早，致令儿子不能回转顺生，便只直下
先露其足也。治之之法，当令产母于床上仰卧，令看生之人推其足，入去分毫。不得令产母
用力，亦不得惊恐，候儿自顺。若经久不生，却令看生之人轻轻用手内入门中，推其足，令
就一畔直上，令儿头一畔渐渐顺下，直待儿子身转，门路正当，然后煎催生药，令产母服一
盏后，方始用力一送，令儿生下，此名倒产。若看生之人非精良妙手，不可根据用此法，恐恣
其愚，以伤人命。
八曰偏产∶
偏产者，盖因儿子回转，其身未顺，生路未正，却被产母用力一逼，致令儿头偏拄左腿
，忽偏拄右腿，致令儿虽近人门而不能生下。但云儿已露顶，然不知儿之所露即非顶也，忽
左额角、忽右额角而已。谓儿头偏拄一畔，以此不能生。收之之法，当令产母于床上仰卧，
令看生之人轻轻推儿近上，以手正其头，令儿头顶端正向人门，然后令产母用力一送，即使
儿子生下。若是小儿头之后骨偏拄谷道，即令儿却只露额，当令看生之人，以一件绵衣炙令
温暖用裹手，急于谷道外旁轻轻推儿头令正，即便令产母用力送儿生也，此名偏产。凡于谷
道外旁推儿头正，须推其上而正之，仍是小用轻力推些上，儿而正之也。若看生之人非精良
妙手，不可根据用此法，恐恣其愚，以伤人命。
九曰碍产∶
碍产者，盖言儿身已顺，门路俱正，儿子已露正顶而不能生下。盖因儿身回转，肚带攀
其肩，以此露正顶而不能生，此名碍产。收之之法，当令产母于床上仰卧，令看生之人轻轻
推儿近上，徐徐引手，以中指按儿肩下其肚带也。仍须候儿身正顺，方令产母用力一送，使
儿子下生，此名碍产。若看生之人非精良妙手，不可根据用此法，恐恣其愚，以伤人命。
十曰坐产∶
坐产者，盖言儿子之欲生，当从高处牢系一条手巾，令产母以手攀之，轻轻屈足坐身，
令儿生下，非令产母临生儿时坐着一物，此名坐产。若是产母儿将欲生，却令坐着一物，即
抵着儿路，不能生也。
十一曰盘肠产∶（续添）
赵都运恭人，每临产则子肠先出，然后产子。产子之后，其肠不收，甚以为苦，名曰盘
肠产。医不能疗。偶在建昌，得一坐婆施之一法而收之。其法遇产后子肠不收之时，以醋半
盏，新汲冷水七分，碗调停， 产妇面，每 一缩，三 收尽。此良法也，后学不可不知。
治推肠生方，又名盘肠产。
上以半夏为末，搐鼻中则肠上矣。
又方∶以大纸捻，以麻油润了，点灯吹灭以烟熏产妇鼻中，肠即上矣。
又方∶以蓖麻子十四粒，去壳、研如膏，贴产妇头顶中心，肠即上，即拭去。
凡人分娩，若能预先知晓这十种难产证候，产妇便永远不会有性命受损的危险。在分娩过程中，性命最为重要。幸好有些孩子容易出生，人们不知这是福气；万一稍有艰难，顷刻之间，母子二人的性命就悬于发丝般细微的关头。然而世人所担忧的，仅仅在于观察分娩过程。接生的人中，很少有好手，因此多有导致性命丧失的情况。我因对此事感到伤痛，认为记录这些并非没有补益。（此外还有盘肠产，我在后面补充了方法）
一曰正产：
所谓正产，是指妇人怀胎十月满足，阴阳之气充足，忽然腰腹部阵发性疼痛，接着胎气下陷，直到脐腹部剧烈疼痛，甚至腰部沉重疼痛，肛门有挺出感，随后破水出血，婴儿随即出生，这叫做正产。
二曰伤产：
所谓伤产，是指妇人怀孕，忽而在七个月、八个月时生产；忽而在九个月、十个月时生产；忽而有一年、两年，乃至四年、五年后才生产的。现在唯独以十月满足为正产。因为一个人的生命，阴注阳定，各有其时日，不可改变移动。现在有未足月一个月以前，忽然脐腹疼痛，好像要生产，结果却无事发生，这叫做试月（假临产），不是正产。但所有产妇，在没有出现前述正产证候之前，不可让人抱住腰部，产妇也不可胡乱用力。因为想要生产的妇人，虽然脐腹疼痛，但胎儿身体尚未顺位，接生的人却让产妇虚乱用力，胎儿身体才刚刚转动，却被产妇用力一逼，致使胎儿走错路，忽横忽倒，不能正常出生，这都是因为产妇在不该用力的时候用力的缘故。凡是产妇用力，必须等到胎儿身体顺直，临近产门，才开始用力一送，让婴儿降生，这才是产妇用力的恰当时机。如果在没有正产征象时就过早用力，并胡乱服药，让婴儿提前出生，譬如拔苗助长，不仅无益，反而有害，这叫做伤产。
三曰催产：
所谓催产，是说妇人想要生产，破水出血，脐腹阵发性疼痛，疼痛极其剧烈，腰部沉重、肛门挺出，已经见到是正产的征候，但婴儿却未出生，即可服药以催促生产。忽而经过数日，产妇困苦，已分明见得是正产的征候，但婴儿难生，也可服药以助产妇的正气，让婴儿迅速降生，这叫做催生。
四曰冻产：
所谓冻产，是说在三冬之月，天气寒冷，产妇经血遇冷，则凝结而不散。因为血液不散，以至于婴儿不能生下。这一弊端，危害最深，然而世人不知道。如果在冬季，产妇下部不可脱去棉衣，也不坐卧在寒冷的地方，应当满屋生火，让全屋常有暖气，常让产妇背部向火，让脐下、腿膝间常有暖气。如果背上、心前稍感寒冷，必须用暖炙过的棉衣包裹起来为贵，血液得热则流散，使婴儿容易出生，这叫做冻产。如果在春秋之间，天地少有阴湿寒冷之气，也可以在房中以微弱的炭火取暖为妙。
五曰热产：
所谓热产，是说在盛暑之月，欲生产的妇人应当保持温度适宜，不可因炎热肆意取凉，反而损伤胎气。另外，生产的地方，不可人数过多，切恐人多，热气逼迫袭扰产妇。因为人的气血，得热则散，热过头则受损。现在正值夏暑炎热之极，而产妇气虚，人气一逼迫，则血液沸腾溢出，血液得热则向上蒸腾，能令产妇发热头痛，面色赤红，昏昏沉沉如醉酒，以至于人事不省。世上有名的血晕症，就是由此而成的，这叫做热产。如果遇到夏月，稍有清凉之气，阴雨变化。产妇也不可任意取凉，恐怕生出大病。
六曰横产：
所谓横产，是说婴儿出生时，先露出手，或者先露出臀部，这是因为在不该用力的时候产妇用力的过错。脐腹疼痛，胎儿身体不顺，则是产妇用力一逼，致使身体横置而不能生下。不幸而有此证候，当让产妇安然仰卧，让接生的人推入胎儿。凡推儿的方法，先推胎儿身体，使其直立向上，渐渐用手的中指抚摸肩膀，推其上端正正，渐渐引导手指攀住耳朵来矫正。必须是产妇仰卧，然后推儿直立向上，徐徐矫正，等到身体端正、产道皆顺，煎好催生药一盏，让产妇吃下，才可让产妇用力，让婴儿降生，这叫做横产。倘若接生的人不是精良的好手，不可依据使用此法，恐怕放纵其愚昧，从而伤害人命。
七曰倒产：
所谓倒产，是因为母亲胎气不足，关键不牢固，用力太早，致使婴儿不能回转顺生，便只直下先露出脚。治疗的方法，当让产妇在床上仰卧，让接生的人推其脚，进入少许。不得让产妇用力，也不得惊恐，等候婴儿自然顺位。如果长久不生，却让接生的人轻轻用手伸入门中，推其脚，让其偏向一侧直立向上，让婴儿头部偏向一侧渐渐顺下，直待婴儿身体转动，产道正当，然后煎催生药，让产妇服一盏后，才开始用力一送，让婴儿生下，这叫做倒产。若接生的人不是精良的好手，不可依据使用此法，恐怕放纵其愚昧，从而伤害人命。
八曰偏产：
所谓偏产，是因为婴儿回转，其身体不顺，生路不正，却被产妇用力一逼，致使婴儿头偏拄左腿，忽而偏拄右腿，致使婴儿虽近产门而不能生下。只说婴儿已露顶，但不知道婴儿所露的并非头顶，忽而是左额角、忽而是右额角而已。谓婴儿头偏拄在一侧，因此不能生。收生的方法，当让产妇在床上仰卧，让接生的人轻轻推儿靠近上方，用手端正其头，让婴儿头顶端正朝向产门，然后让产妇用力一送，即使婴儿生下。如果是小儿头的后骨偏拄肛门，就让婴儿只露额头，当让接生的人，拿一件棉衣烤温暖用来裹手，急于肛门外旁轻轻推儿头令其端正，即便让产妇用力送儿出生，这叫做偏产。凡是在肛门外旁推儿头端正，须推其上而正之，仍是小用轻力推些上，儿而正之也。若接生的人不是精良的好手，不可依据使用此法，恐怕放纵其愚昧，从而伤害人命。
九曰碍产：
所谓碍产，是说婴儿身体已顺，产道俱正，婴儿已露正顶而不能生下。因为婴儿身体回转，肚带（胎盘膜或脐带相关组织）攀住其肩，因此露正顶而不能生，这叫做碍产。收生的方法，当让产妇在床上仰卧，让接生的人轻轻推儿靠近上方，徐徐引手，以中指按在婴儿肩下解开其肚带。仍须等候婴儿身体正顺，方让产妇用力一送，使婴儿降生，这叫做碍产。若接生的人不是精良的好手，不可依据使用此法，恐怕放纵其愚昧，从而伤害人命。
十曰坐产：
所谓坐产，是说婴儿将要出生时，应当在高处牢固系一条手巾，让产妇用手攀着，轻轻屈足坐身，让婴儿降生，并非让产妇临生产时坐在物体上，这叫做坐产。若是产妇婴儿将欲生，却让产妇坐在物体上，即抵住婴儿的路，不能生也。
十一曰盘肠产：（续添）
赵都运恭人，每次临产则子宫先脱出，然后产子。产子之后，子宫不收，非常痛苦，名叫盘肠产。医生无法治疗。偶然在建昌，得到一个接生婆施予的方法而治愈。其方法是遇到产后子宫不收之时，用醋半盏，新汲冷水七分，碗中调匀，喷洒产妇面部，每收缩一次，三次收尽。这是良法，后学不可不知。
治推肠生方，又名盘肠产。
以上述半夏研为末，搐鼻中则子宫收回矣。
又方：以大纸捻，用麻油润了，点灯吹灭以烟熏产妇鼻中，子宫即收回矣。
又方：以蓖麻子十四粒，去壳、研如膏，贴产妇头顶中心，子宫即收回，即拭去。
Anyone undergoing childbirth, if they first know these ten types of difficult labor syndromes, will never suffer life-threatening injuries. During childbirth, life is the most important matter. Fortunately, some babies are born easily, and people do not realize this as a blessing; but if there is even slight difficulty, in an instant, the lives of both mother and child hang by a thread. However, what ordinary people worry about is merely observing the delivery process. Among midwives, few possess excellent skills, leading to many cases of loss of life. I am pained by this situation and believe that recording these methods is not without benefit. (Additionally, there is "Coiled Intestine Delivery," for which I have added methods later.)
First, termed Normal Delivery:
Normal delivery refers to a woman carrying a fetus for ten full months, with sufficient Yin and Yang Qi. Suddenly, she experiences paroxysmal pain in the lower back and abdomen. Subsequently, the fetal Qi descends abruptly, leading to severe pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, heavy pain in the lower back, a sensation of protrusion from the anus, followed by the rupture of membranes and bleeding, after which the baby is born. This is called Normal Delivery.
Second, termed Injurious Delivery:
Injurious Delivery refers to a woman giving birth suddenly at seven or eight months, or at nine or ten months, or even one, two, four, or five years after conception. Currently, only delivery at ten full months is considered normal. The life of a person is determined by Yin and Yang at specific times, which cannot be altered. If a woman experiences sudden abdominal pain resembling labor before one month of full term, yet nothing happens, this is called "Trial Month" (false labor), not Normal Delivery. For all parturients, before the signs of Normal Delivery appear, no one should hold their waist, and the mother must not exert force recklessly. Although a woman in labor may feel abdominal pain, the fetus may not yet be in position. If the midwife instructs the mother to exert force blindly, causing the fetus to shift, and the mother then pushes hard, the fetus may turn sideways or upside down, failing to deliver normally. This is caused by the mother exerting force at the wrong time. A mother should only exert force when the fetus is aligned and approaching the cervix, pushing once to facilitate birth. Exerting force prematurely without proper signs, or taking medications indiscriminately to induce early birth, is like pulling shoots to help them grow—it is harmful, not beneficial. This is called Injurious Delivery.
Third, termed Induced Delivery:
Induced Delivery refers to a woman who is ready to give birth, with ruptured membranes and bleeding, experiencing severe paroxysmal abdominal pain, heavy lower back, and anal protrusion—clear signs of Normal Delivery—but the baby has not yet emerged. Medication can be administered to accelerate delivery. If several days pass and the mother suffers, clearly showing signs of Normal Delivery but the baby remains stuck, medication can also be given to boost the mother's Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) to facilitate rapid birth. This is called Induced Delivery.
Fourth, termed Frozen Delivery:
Frozen Delivery refers to deliveries occurring in the three winter months when the weather is cold. The mother's menstrual blood coagulates due to cold and does not disperse. Because the blood does not flow freely, the baby cannot be born. This is deeply harmful, though often unrecognized by the public. In winter, the mother's lower body should not be exposed from cotton clothing, nor should she sit or lie in cold places. The room should be heated, maintaining warmth throughout. The mother should face her back toward the fire to keep warmth around the lower abdomen, legs, and knees. If the back or chest feels cold, warm cotton clothing should be used for wrapping. Blood flows freely when warmed, facilitating easier birth. This is called Frozen Delivery. In spring and autumn, if there is slight damp cold air, using mild charcoal fire to warm the room is advisable.
Fifth, termed Hot Delivery:
Hot Delivery refers to deliveries during the peak of summer heat. The woman in labor should maintain a comfortable temperature and must not seek excessive cooling due to heat, as this damages the fetal Qi. The delivery area should not be crowded, as too many people generate heat that oppressively affects the mother. Human Qi and Blood scatter when heated and are damaged if overheated. In intense summer heat, if the mother is Qi-deficient, the presence of others can cause her blood to boil and overflow. Heat causes blood to steam upward, leading to fever, headache, flushed face, dizziness resembling drunkenness, and even unconsciousness. This condition, known as Blood Syncope (Xue Yun), arises from this cause. This is called Hot Delivery. Even in summer, if there is cool air or rain changes, the mother should not seek excessive cooling, lest serious illness occur.
Sixth, termed Transverse Delivery:
Transverse Delivery occurs when the baby presents a hand or buttocks first. This is due to the mother exerting force prematurely. Abdominal pain exists, but the fetus is not aligned. The mother's premature pushing causes the body to become transverse. If this occurs, the mother should lie supine, and the midwife should gently push the fetus back inside. To reposition, the midwife first pushes the fetal body upward until straight, then uses the middle finger to massage the shoulder, pushing up to correct it, and gently guides the finger to the ear to align it. The mother must remain supine while the fetus is pushed up and corrected slowly. Once the body is aligned and the passage is clear, administer a cup of induced delivery decoction. After the mother drinks it, she may push to deliver the baby. This is called Transverse Delivery. If the midwife is not skilled, this method should not be used, as ignorance may lead to fatal errors.
Seventh, termed Breech Delivery:
Breech Delivery occurs because the mother's uterine Qi is insufficient, the cervical os is not secure, and she exerts force too early, preventing the fetus from turning. The feet present first. Treatment requires the mother to lie supine on the bed. The midwife should gently push the feet back in slightly. The mother must not exert force or panic; wait for the fetus to naturally align. If birth is delayed, the midwife may gently insert a hand to push the foot upward to one side, allowing the head to descend gradually on the other side. Wait until the fetus turns and the passage is aligned. Then, administer a cup of induced delivery decoction. After drinking, the mother may push to deliver the baby. This is called Breech Delivery. Unskilled midwives should not attempt this, as ignorance may be fatal.
Eighth, termed Oblique Delivery:
Oblique Delivery occurs when the fetus turns but is not aligned, and the birth canal is not straight. Premature maternal pushing causes the fetal head to press against the left or right thigh. Although the head appears near the introitus, birth fails. The visible part may seem like the vertex, but it is actually the left or right frontal angle. The head is tilted to one side, preventing delivery. The mother should lie supine. The midwife should gently push the fetus upward and manually correct the head so the vertex faces the introitus directly. Then, the mother pushes to deliver the baby. If the occiput presses against the anus, only the forehead is visible. The midwife should wrap a hand in warm cotton cloth and gently push the head from the side of the anus to correct it, after which the mother pushes. This is called Oblique Delivery. When correcting the head near the anus, push upward slightly to align it. Unskilled midwives should not attempt this, as ignorance may be fatal.
Ninth, termed Hindered Delivery:
Hindered Delivery occurs when the fetus is aligned and the passage is straight, and the vertex is visible, but birth is hindered. This is because the fetal membrane (or umbilical cord structure) catches on the shoulder during rotation, preventing the vertex from descending. The mother should lie supine. The midwife should gently push the fetus upward, extend a hand, and use the middle finger to press under the shoulder to release the membrane. Wait for the fetus to be fully aligned, then the mother pushes to deliver the baby. This is called Hindered Delivery. Unskilled midwives should not attempt this, as ignorance may be fatal.
Tenth, termed Sitting Delivery:
Sitting Delivery involves tying a towel securely at a high point. The mother holds the towel, bends her knees, and sits lightly to facilitate birth. It does not mean sitting on an object during delivery, which would obstruct the birth canal. This is called Sitting Delivery.
Eleventh, termed Coiled Intestine Delivery: (Added Later)
Lady Gong, wife of Zhao Duyun, experienced prolapse of the uterus (referred to as intestine) before delivering each child. After birth, the uterus did not retract, causing great suffering. Doctors could not treat it. While in Jianchang, I learned a method from a midwife. The method is: when the uterus prolapses postpartum, mix half a cup of vinegar with seven parts fresh cold water. Spray this mixture onto the mother's face. With each contraction, the uterus retracts completely within three sprays. This is an excellent method that students must know.
Prescription for Pushing Up the Prolapsed Organ, also known as Coiled Intestine Delivery:
Grind Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) into powder and insufflate it into the nose to retract the organ.
Another prescription: Moisten a large paper wick with Sesame Oil (Mayou). Light it, blow it out, and use the smoke to fumigate the mother's nose to retract the organ.
Another prescription: Take fourteen Castor Seeds (Bidanzi), remove the shells, grind into a paste, and apply to the center of the mother's crown. The organ will retract immediately; wipe off the paste.