产后七日内外发热,其证多端,除伤食发热已论,见伤食门矣。然又有发热恶寒头痛似太阳症,
或寒热头痛胁痛似少阳症,皆由气血两虚,阴阳不和,其状颇类伤寒,治者慎勿偏执。盖产后大血
空虚,一经发汗,重则亡阳,轻则筋惕肉 ,或郁冒昏迷,或搐搦便秘,变症百出矣。虽明知感有
外邪,其生化汤内芎、姜亦能散之,否则辛散生化汤亦可。何用发表以犯不可汗之禁乎。产时伤力
发热,去血过多发热,恶露不快发热,三日蒸乳发热,早于起床劳动发热,多因血虚阳无所根据,浮
散于外而为热,只服生化汤二、三剂,去恶生新,阳生阴长,其诸热悉能退之,《尊生》用丹溪
法,以四君子汤,加芎、归、黄 、炮姜,治产后发热,亦甘温除大热意也。
辛散生化汤 治产后感冒风寒,恶寒发热头痛。
川芎(一钱半) 当归(三钱) 炙草 干姜(炙黑) 羌活 防风(各四分) 桃仁(十粒去皮尖)
产后大便燥秘,由于去血过多,胃中枯燥,精微不及下输,以至糟粕壅滞不通,况大肠主津,产
妇内亡津液,则干涸失其传导变化之权,故令便难。多服生化汤,则血旺气顺,自润而通,或服养正
通幽汤亦可。倘不大便而无所苦,即勿药亦可,即有似伤寒三阴症,潮热汗出,或口燥腹满,或谵语
便秘,燥粪宜下等症。乃气血枯竭,虚证类实,慎勿
妄议三承气汤以下之。冯氏云∶大便难,惟宜调中养血,切不可单用麻仁、枳壳,徒耗肠胃中生
养之气而无功也。有治大便日久不通,大料、芎、归,服至 效,方得取效,仍兼服润肠粥。如
大小便俱秘,恶露不行,方论俱见恶露不下门。
养正通幽汤 治产后大便燥秘。
川芎(一钱或一钱半或二钱) 当归(四钱或六钱) 桃仁(十粒去皮尖) 炙草(五分)
陈皮(四分) 麻仁(一钱半炒) 肉苁蓉(一钱或二钱酒洗去泥甲)
水煎服。如有血块痛,加肉桂、炒延胡各五分,去苁蓉。
产后七日内外出现发热,其证候表现多种多样,除了伤食引起的发热已在“伤食门”中论述过之外。然而还有发热、恶寒、头痛类似太阳病(太阳经受邪所致的病证)的症状,或者寒热往来、头痛、胁痛类似少阳病(少阳经受邪所致的病证)的症状,这些皆因气血两虚、阴阳不和所致,其症状颇像伤寒,治疗者切勿偏执一端。因为产后大血空虚,一旦使用发汗法,重则导致亡阳(阳气暴脱),轻则引起筋惕肉瞤(肌肉跳动)、郁冒昏迷,或抽搐、便秘,变症百出。虽然明知感受了外邪,但在生化汤(促进子宫复旧、化瘀生新的方剂)内的川芎、干姜也能起到发散作用,否则也可单独使用辛散生化汤。何必用发表药去触犯不可发汗的禁忌呢?产时用力过度导致的发热,失血过多导致的发热,恶露排出不畅导致的发热,产后三日蒸乳(乳汁分泌旺盛期)导致的发热,过早起床劳动导致的发热,多因血虚导致阳气无所依附,浮散于体表而表现为发热,只需服用二至三剂生化汤,去除恶露、生成新血,阳气生发、阴血增长,各种热象都能消退。《尊生》采用丹溪(朱震亨)的方法,用四君子汤(补气基础方)加川芎、当归、黄芪、炮姜,治疗产后发热,也是甘温除大热(用甘温药物治疗气虚发热)的意思。
辛散生化汤 治疗产后感冒风寒,出现恶寒、发热、头痛。
川芎(一钱半) 当归(三钱) 炙甘草 干姜(炙黑) 羌活 防风(各四分) 桃仁(十粒去皮尖)
产后大便燥结秘滞,是由于失血过多,胃中干燥,精微物质不能向下输送,以致糟粕壅滞不通。况且大肠主津液,产妇体内津液亡失,则干枯失去传导变化的功能,所以导致排便困难。多服用生化汤,则血液充盈、气机顺畅,自然润通;或者服用养正通幽汤(滋养正气、通便开窍的方剂)也可以。如果不大便但没有其他痛苦,即使不服药也可以;即使有类似伤寒三阴病(太阴、少阴、厥阴病证)的症状,如潮热汗出,或口燥腹满,或谵语(胡言乱语)、便秘,燥屎宜下的等症,这其实是气血枯竭,虚证类似实证,切勿妄议使用三承气汤(峻下热结的方剂)来攻下。冯氏说:大便困难,只适宜调理中焦、养血,切不可单用麻仁、枳壳,徒然耗损肠胃中生养之气而无功效。有的治疗大便日久不通,大量使用川芎、当归,服至见效,方才取得疗效,同时兼服润肠粥。如果大小便都秘结,恶露不行,方论均见“恶露不下门”。
养正通幽汤 治疗产后大便燥结秘滞。
川芎(一钱或一钱半或二钱) 当归(四钱或六钱) 桃仁(十粒去皮尖) 炙甘草(五分)
陈皮(四分) 火麻仁(一钱半炒) 肉苁蓉(一钱或二钱酒洗去泥甲)
水煎服。如果有血块疼痛,加肉桂、炒延胡索各五分,去掉肉苁蓉。
Within seven days before and after childbirth, fever may occur with various manifestations. Besides fever caused by food stagnation, which has been discussed in the section on Food Stagnation, there are cases where fever, aversion to cold, and headache resemble Taiyang disease (disease syndrome of the Taiyang channel), or alternating chills and fever, headache, and hypochondriac pain resemble Shaoyang disease (disease syndrome of the Shaoyang channel). All these are due to deficiency of both Qi and Blood, and disharmony of Yin and Yang. The symptoms closely mimic Shanghan (Cold Damage), so practitioners must avoid biased treatment. Since postpartum blood is largely depleted, if sweating methods are used, severe cases may result in Yang collapse (sudden loss of Yang Qi), while mild cases may cause muscle twitching, depression and dizziness with coma, convulsions, and constipation, leading to numerous complications. Although it is known that external pathogens are involved, Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome) and Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) within Shenghua Tang (Decoction for Generating New Blood) can also disperse them; otherwise, Xin San Shenghua Tang (Pungent-Dispersing Shenghua Decoction) can be used alone. Why use exterior-releasing drugs to violate the prohibition against sweating? Fever due to excessive exertion during delivery, fever due to excessive blood loss, fever due to sluggish lochia discharge, fever during the third day when milk secretion increases (milk steaming), and fever due to getting out of bed and working too early are mostly caused by Blood deficiency, leaving Yang without a foundation, floating and scattering externally as heat. Simply taking two or three doses of Shenghua Tang to eliminate lochia and generate new blood, allowing Yang to grow and Yin to increase, will resolve all fevers. Zunsheng adopted Danxi's method, using Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) added with Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huangqi (Astragali Membranacei Radix), and Paojiang (Prepared Zingiberis Rhizoma) to treat postpartum fever, embodying the principle of using sweet-warm herbs to remove great heat (treating Qi-deficiency fever with sweet-warm properties).
Xin San Shenghua Tang treats postpartum cold-dampness invasion with aversion to cold, fever, and headache.
Chuanxiong Rhizome (1.5 qian) Angelicae Sinensis Radix (3 qian) Prepared Licorice Root Dried Ginger (charred black) Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix Saposhnikoviae Radix (each 0.4 qian) Persicae Semen (10 kernels, skin and tip removed)
Postpartum dry and constipated stool results from excessive blood loss causing dryness in the Stomach, preventing essence and nutrients from descending, leading to obstruction of waste materials. Moreover, the Large Intestine governs fluids; when the puerpera loses internal fluids, dryness causes loss of its conducting and transforming functions, resulting in difficult defecation. Frequent intake of Shenghua Tang will enrich Blood and smooth Qi, naturally moistening and unblocking the bowels; alternatively, Yangzheng Tongyou Tang (Nourishing Righteousness and Opening Obstruction Decoction) can be taken. If there is no bowel movement but no discomfort, medication may not be necessary. Even if symptoms resemble Shaoyin, Taiyin, or Jueyin diseases of Shanghan (such as tidal fever with sweating, dry mouth and abdominal fullness, delirium, constipation, or need to purge dry feces), these are actually signs of exhaustion of Qi and Blood, where deficiency mimics excess. Practitioners must not rashly prescribe Chengqi Decoctions (Three Generals' Decoctions for purging heat and accumulation) to purge. Feng stated: For difficult defecation, only regulating the Middle Jiao and nourishing Blood is suitable; one must not solely use Hemp Seed (Cannabis Fructus) and Aurantium Fructum Immaturum, which merely deplete the generating Qi of the intestines and stomach without effect. Some treatments for prolonged constipation use large doses of Chuanxiong and Danggui until efficacy is achieved, accompanied by intestinal-moistening porridge. If both urine and stool are obstructed and lochia does not flow, see the section on "Lochia Not Flowing."
Yangzheng Tongyou Tang treats postpartum dry and constipated stool.
Chuanxiong Rhizome (1, 1.5, or 2 qian) Angelicae Sinensis Radix (4 or 6 qian) Persicae Semen (10 kernels, skin and tip removed) Prepared Licorice Root (0.5 qian) Tangerine Peel (0.4 qian) Fried Hemp Seed (1.5 qian) Cistanche Stem (1 or 2 qian, washed with wine to remove mud and scales)
Decoct in water and take orally. If there is pain due to blood stasis, add Cinnamon Bark and Stir-fried Corydalis Rhizome (each 0.5 qian), and remove Cistanche Stem.