孙真人曰∶人年四十以上，勿食泻药。人有所怒，血气未定，若交合，令人发痈疽。
远行疲乏入房，成五劳，少子。忍小便膝冷成淋。忍大便成气痔。水银不可近阴，鹿豕
二脂不可近阴，皆令人阴痿。养生者，发宜多梳，面宜常擦。目宜常运，耳宜常筌。
舌宜抵 。齿宜常叩。津宜常咽，背宜常暖，胸宜常护，腹宜常摩。谷道宜常撮，足宜
常擦涌泉。一身皮肤，宜常干浴。大小便，宜咬齿勿言。又须省多言，省笔札，省交游，省
妄想。所一息不可省者，居敬养心耳。饥勿过饱，饱食成癖病。饱食夜卧失覆，多霍乱。时病
瘥，勿食脍，成痢。食脍勿食乳酪，成虫病。食兔肉勿食姜，成霍乱。勿食父母本命所属之
肉，欲令寿永。勿食自己本命所属肉，欲令魂魄安宁。勿食一切脑，恐损神。勿食盘面上众人
先用物。
成结气。凡食毕漱口数过，令人齿固。凡食皆熟胜生，少胜多。春天不可衣薄，令伤寒霍乱。
湿衣汗衣勿着，令发疮疡。夜卧头勿向北，并勿近火炉，恐损目。夜卧常习闭口，开则气耗
，又恐异气入口，慎之。凡入梦魇，不得燃灯唤
之，亦不可近而急唤。夜梦恶勿说，旦起口含凉水，向东 之，咒曰∶恶梦着草木，好梦成
珠玉。即解。凡梦善恶勿说获吉。居处切防令有小隙，小隙之风最劣，勿忍急避。凡在家在
外，忽遇大风大雨，震雷昏雾，必是诸煞鬼神经过，宜入室闭户，烧香恭默，过后乃出，否
则恐招损获咎。《琐碎录》云∶卧处不可以首近火，恐伤脑，亦不可当风，恐患头风。背受风
则嗽，肩受风则臂疼。善调摄者，虽盛暑不当风及坐卧露下。
又云∶戒酒后语，忌食时嗔，忍难忍事，怒不明人，口腹不节，致病之因，念虑不正，杀
身之本。
又曰∶酒罔顾身，色罔顾病，财罔顾亲，气罔顾命。当其未值，孰不明知，亦能劝人，及
到自临其境，仍复昏迷，当此之时，再思猛省。
《杨廉夫集》有路逢三叟词云∶上臾前致词，大道抱天全；中叟前致词，寒暑每节宣；下叟
前致词，百岁半单眠。尝见后山诗中一词亦此意，盖出应璩，璩诗曰∶昔有行道人，陌上见三叟
，年各百岁余，相与锄禾莠。往前问三叟，何以得此寿？上叟前致词，室内姬粗丑，二叟前致词，
量腹节所受；下叟前致词，夜卧不覆首。要哉三叟言，所以
能长久。
保养之道，无过在于平日饮食男女之间，能自节爱，即是省身修德。若恣肆无忌，即
是过恶，潜滋暗长，甚则疾病应之。虽因风寒外感，或缘内伤七情，实由人违犯圣教，以
致魂魄相离，精神失守，肌体空疏，百骸不遂，风寒邪气，得以中入。若有德者，虽处幽
暗，不敢为非，虽居荣禄，不敢为恶，量体而衣，随分而食，虽富贵不敢恣欲，虽贫贱不
敢强求，是以外无残暴，内无疾病也。盖心内澄，则真神守其位；气内定，则邪秽去其身。
行诈欺，则神昏；行争竞，则神沮。轻侮于人，必减算；杀害于物，必伤年。行一善则神
魂欢，作一恶则心气乱。人能宽泰自居，恬淡自守，则形神安静，灾病不生，福寿永昌，由
兹伊芳始。
人之遘疾者，始于心，忘其身，而病生，继则过患其身，而病不去。忘身者，在康强时
，不择味而饱，不择风而裸，不择时而色，不择醒而醉，不择里而趋，不择性而喜怒哀乐。
故病乘吾所弗备，即至也，悔无及。
夫人之涕唾便溺也，必有气焉以充之而后出，草木之华，鸟兽之羽毛也，亦必有脉焉以
贯之而后荣，是故气脉之贵乎养也。
已上诸仙垂训，皆却病良方，延年妙快，虽非金丹大旨，然由此而进，未尝不可以入道
也。嗣有大周天三炼要旨。容图灾木，就正宇内。
孙思邈说：人到了四十岁以上，不要吃泻药。人生气时，血气尚未平定，如果此时行房事，会使人发生痈疽（皮肤肌肉间的化脓性感染）。
长途跋涉后身体疲乏就进行房事，会导致五劳（五种因过度劳累导致的虚损），造成子嗣稀少。憋着小便会导致膝盖发冷，进而形成淋证（小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛等症）；憋着大便会导致气痔（因气滞引起的痔疮）。水银不可接触阴部，鹿脂和猪脂不可接触阴部，这些都会导致阳痿。
注重养生的人，头发要多梳理，面部要经常擦拭。眼睛要经常转动，耳朵要经常搓揉（筌通“挻”，意为掏挖或按摩）。舌头要抵住上颚，牙齿要经常叩击。津液要经常吞咽，背部要经常保暖，胸部要经常保护，腹部要经常按摩。肛门要经常收缩（撮），脚心涌泉穴要经常摩擦。全身皮肤要经常进行干浴（用手摩擦皮肤至发热）。大小便时，应该咬紧牙齿不要说话。另外必须减少多言，减少写字劳作，减少社交往来，减少妄想杂念。唯一不能省略的，是保持恭敬以修养心性。
饥饿时不要吃得过饱，吃太饱容易形成癖病（积食停滞之症）。吃饱饭后夜间睡觉如果不盖好被子，容易患霍乱（上吐下泻的病）。时令病刚好，不要吃生鱼片，否则会引发痢疾。吃生鱼片时不要吃乳制品，否则会引发寄生虫病。吃兔肉时不要吃生姜，否则会引发霍乱。不要吃与自己父母生肖相冲的肉，希望寿命长久。不要吃与自己本命生肖相冲的肉，希望魂魄安宁。不要吃各种动物的脑髓，恐怕损伤精神。不要吃盘子里别人先动过的食物，否则容易形成结气（气机郁结）。
凡是吃完东西漱口几次，能让人牙齿坚固。凡是食物，熟的比生的好，少的比多的好。春天不可以穿得单薄，否则会导致伤寒和霍乱。湿衣服、汗衣服不要穿着，否则会长疮疡。晚上睡觉头不要朝北，也不要靠近火炉，恐怕损伤眼睛。晚上睡觉习惯闭口呼吸，张嘴呼吸会耗散元气，又恐怕邪气入口，务必谨慎。
凡是做噩梦魇住，不要点灯叫醒他，也不可以靠近并急促地呼唤。夜里做了恶梦不要说出来，早晨起床嘴里含凉水，面向东方吹气，咒语说：“恶梦附着在草木上，好梦变成珠玉。”这样就能化解。凡是梦见善事或恶事都不要说出来，以求吉利。居住的地方一定要防止有小缝隙，小缝隙的风最恶劣，不要忍耐，要急忙避开。
无论在家还是在外，忽然遇到大风大雨、雷电昏雾，一定是各种煞神鬼神经过，应当进入室内关好门窗，烧香恭敬沉默，等过后才出来，否则恐怕招致损害和罪过。《琐碎录》说：睡觉的地方头不可以靠近火源，恐怕伤脑，也不可以对着风，恐怕患上头风病。背部受风就会咳嗽，肩部受风就会手臂疼痛。善于调养的人，即使在盛夏也不应对着风以及坐卧在露天之下。
又说：戒酒后乱语，忌吃饭时发怒，忍受难以忍受的事，对不明真相的人发怒，饮食起居没有节制，这些都是致病的原因；念头思想不正，这是杀身的根本。
又说：酒不顾惜身体，色不顾惜疾病，财不顾惜亲人，气不顾惜性命。当这些事情还没有发生时，谁不明白其中的道理？也都能劝诫别人，等到自己身临其境时，却又重新陷入昏迷迷惑，在这个时候，再思考猛醒。
《杨廉夫集》中有路逢三叟的词说：老翁上前致辞，大道怀抱天地保全；中叟上前致辞，寒暑节气每都顺应；少叟上前致辞，百岁老人只睡半夜觉。曾经看到后山诗中的一首词也是这个意思，大概出自应璩，应璩的诗说：从前有个过路人，在路上看见三位老人，年龄各在一百多岁，一起锄草除秽。走上前问三位老人，凭什么得到这样的长寿？老翁上前致辞，家里妻妾相貌丑陋（意指不贪美色）；中叟上前致辞，根据肚子容量节制饮食；少叟上前致辞，晚上睡觉不蒙住头。真是重要的三位老人的话，所以能够长久。
保养的方法，没有超过在日常饮食男女之间，能够自我节制爱护，这就是省察自身修养品德。如果放纵无忌惮，就是过错罪恶，暗中滋长，严重时疾病就会随之而来。虽然是因为风寒外感，或者因为内伤七情，实际上是由于人违犯了圣贤的教诲，以致魂魄分离，精神失守，肌体空虚疏松，四肢百骸不能顺遂，风寒邪气得以侵入体内。如果有德行的人，即使处在幽暗之中，也不敢做坏事，即使处于荣华富贵地位，也不敢作恶，根据身体情况穿衣，按照本分饮食，即使富贵也不敢放纵欲望，即使贫贱也不敢强行索取，因此外在没有残暴行为，内在没有疾病。大概内心澄澈，则真神守住其位；气息内部安定，则邪秽离开身体。
行欺诈之事，则神志昏乱；行争竞之事，则神采沮丧。轻慢侮辱他人，必定减损寿命；杀害生物，必定伤害年寿。做一件善事则神魂欢喜，做一件恶事则心气混乱。人能宽厚泰然自处，恬淡宁静自守，则形体和精神安静，灾病不生，福寿永昌，由此开始。
人遭遇疾病，始于心中，忘记自己的身体，而病产生，接着祸患加于身体，而病不去。忘记身体的人，在健康强壮时，不选择味道而暴饮暴食，不选择风向而裸露身体，不选择时机而行房事，不选择清醒状态而醉酒，不选择环境而奔波，不选择性情而喜怒哀乐失控。所以病趁我们防备不到的时候，就到了，后悔也来不及了。
人的涕唾便溺，必须有气来充盈它然后才能排出，草木的花，鸟兽的羽毛，也必须有脉络来贯穿它们然后才能茂盛，所以气脉贵在养护。
以上各位仙人的垂训，都是祛病的良方，延年的妙法，虽然不是金丹大道的宗旨，然而由此前进，未尝不可以进入道门。接下来有大周天三炼的要旨。容我图绘灾木（此处疑为衍文或特定术语，暂译保留原意或忽略，结合上下文似指绘制图谱或比喻），向天下请教。
Sun Simiao said: When a person reaches the age of forty or above, they should not take purgatives (laxatives). When a person is angry, their blood and qi (vital energy) are unsettled; if sexual intercourse occurs at this time, it can cause carbuncles and sores (skin and muscle infections).
Engaging in sexual activity after long-distance travel while fatigued leads to "Five Labors" (five types of deficiency caused by overexertion) and results in few offspring. Holding urine causes cold knees and leads to Lin syndrome (dysuria); holding stool leads to Qi hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids caused by qi stagnation). Mercury should not touch the genitals; deer fat and pig fat should not touch the genitals, as all these cause impotence.
Those who practice health preservation should comb their hair frequently, wipe their faces often, move their eyes regularly, rub their ears (pinnae), keep the tongue pressed against the palate, clench teeth frequently, swallow saliva often, keep the back warm, protect the chest, massage the abdomen, contract the anus frequently, and rub Yongquan (KI-1, Bubbling Spring) on the feet. The skin of the whole body should be subjected to dry bathing (rubbing until warm). During urination and defecation, one should bite the teeth and remain silent. Furthermore, one must reduce excessive talking, minimize writing/labor, decrease social interactions, and eliminate delusional thoughts. The only thing that cannot be omitted is maintaining reverence to nourish the mind.
Do not eat to excess when hungry; overeating leads to accumulation disorders (food stagnation diseases). Sleeping uncovered after a full meal at night easily causes cholera-like symptoms (acute gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea). After recovering from seasonal illnesses, do not eat raw fish slices, or dysentery may result. Do not consume dairy products with raw fish, or parasitic diseases may develop. Do not eat ginger with rabbit meat, or cholera-like symptoms may occur. Do not eat meat associated with the zodiac sign of one's parents, to wish for longevity. Do not eat meat associated with one's own birth year's zodiac sign, to wish for peace of soul and spirit. Do not eat brains of any animals, as it may damage the spirit. Do not eat food from plates that others have already touched, to prevent the formation of constrained qi (qi stagnation).
Rinsing the mouth several times after eating strengthens the teeth. For all foods, cooked is better than raw, and less is better than more. In spring, one must not wear thin clothes, lest one catch wind-cold and suffer from cholera-like symptoms. Do not wear wet or sweaty clothes, lest sores and ulcers develop. At night, do not sleep with the head facing north, nor near a stove, to avoid damaging the eyes. Habitually breathe through the nose while sleeping; breathing through the mouth dissipates qi and allows pathogenic factors to enter, so caution is required.
If someone suffers from nightmare paralysis, do not light a lamp to wake them, nor call out urgently nearby. Do not speak of bad dreams at night. In the morning, hold cool water in the mouth and blow towards the east, chanting: "Bad dreams attach to grass and trees, good dreams become pearls and jade." This resolves the issue. Do not speak of either good or bad dreams to ensure auspiciousness. Living quarters must be free of small gaps; drafts from small gaps are most harmful, so do not endure them but avoid them immediately.
Whether at home or abroad, if suddenly encountering strong winds, heavy rain, thunder, or fog, it is believed that various malevolent spirits are passing by. One should enter the room, close the doors, burn incense, and remain reverently silent until they pass; otherwise, harm and blame may be incurred. *Suopo Lu* states: One's head should not be near fire while sleeping, lest it injure the brain, nor face the wind directly, lest one suffer from headache due to wind. Wind striking the back causes coughing; wind striking the shoulders causes arm pain. Those skilled in regulation should avoid wind and sleeping outdoors even in midsummer.
It is also said: Guard against speaking foolishly after drinking wine; beware of anger during meals; endure what is hard to endure; do not rage at those who do not understand; lack of discipline in diet and lifestyle are causes of disease; unrighteous thoughts are the root of death.
It is also said: Wine disregards the body; lust disregards illness; wealth disregards kin; temper disregards life. Before these situations arise, everyone knows the truth and can advise others, but when faced with them personally, one falls into confusion again. At such times, one must reflect and awaken.
In *Yang Lianfu's Collection*, there is a poem about meeting three elders: The eldest elder speaks first, saying the Great Way embraces the completeness of heaven and earth; the middle elder speaks, saying he adapts to seasonal changes of cold and heat; the youngest elder speaks, saying he sleeps only half the night despite being a hundred years old. I once saw a poem in Houshan's works with similar meaning, likely originating from Ying Qu, whose poem says: A traveler once saw three elders on the road, each over a hundred years old, weeding together. He asked them how they achieved such longevity. The first elder replied, "My wife is plain-looking" (implying no lust); the second replied, "I limit my intake according to my stomach's capacity"; the third replied, "I do not cover my head when sleeping." These words of the three elders are profound, which is why they live long.
The way of preservation lies in self-restraint regarding daily diet and sexual activity; this is self-examination and moral cultivation. If one acts recklessly without restraint, it becomes sin and evil, growing secretly, eventually leading to disease. Although diseases may stem from external wind-cold or internal emotional injury, fundamentally, they arise because humans violate sage teachings, causing the soul and spirit to separate, mental essence to be lost, the body to become hollow and loose, limbs to fail, allowing wind-cold pathogens to invade. A virtuous person, even in darkness, dares not do evil; even in glory and wealth, dares not commit wrongs. They dress according to their constitution and eat according to their portion. Even if rich and noble, they dare not indulge desires; even if poor and lowly, they dare not force demands. Thus, externally there is no brutality, and internally there is no disease. When the heart-mind is clear, the true spirit remains in its place; when qi is settled internally, filth and pathogens leave the body.
Deceit confuses the spirit; contention depresses the spirit. Insulting others reduces one's lifespan; killing creatures harms one's years. Doing one good deed brings joy to the soul and spirit; doing one evil deed disturbs the heart and qi. If a person lives with broad-mindedness and tranquility, the form and spirit remain calm, disasters and diseases do not arise, and fortune and longevity flourish, starting from here.
Illness begins in the mind-heart, where one forgets the body, and disease arises; subsequently, the body suffers, and the disease persists. Those who forget the body, when healthy and strong, do not choose flavors and eat to satiety, do not choose wind direction and expose themselves, do not choose timing for sexual activity, do not choose sobriety and get drunk, do not choose environment and rush about, do not choose temperament and lose control of emotions. Thus, disease strikes when we are unprepared, and regret comes too late.
Human secretions like tears, saliva, urine, and feces require qi to fill them before expulsion; flowers of plants and feathers of birds and beasts require meridians to connect them before flourishing. Therefore, qi and meridians are precious and need nurturing.
The above teachings of the immortals are excellent prescriptions for dispelling disease and wonderful methods for prolonging life. Although they are not the core principles of Golden Elixir (internal alchemy) cultivation, advancing from them can lead one into the Dao. Next follows the essential principles of the Great Heavenly Cycle Three Refinements. I will endeavor to illustrate and seek correction from the world.