According to *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases by Master Chao) regarding the condition of chronic malaria in adults and children: Malaria is caused by injury from summer-heat or wind-cold. When the heat is severe, if sweating, vomiting, or purging are excessive, the fu-organs become empty, and Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi are damaged. Pathogenic factors lie dormant, causing the disease to linger without recovery, alternating between remission and exacerbation. If malaria recurs annually, even up to the third year, or continues daily without resolution, a mass may form under the hypochondrium. Treatment should not directly attack the mass; instead, one should induce sweating before the onset of the fever. After taking the decoction, the patient may initially feel slightly cold; they should wrap themselves to keep warm, then sweat again. Once urination becomes smooth and free, the disease will be cured.

*Xian Ren Shui Jian* (Water Mirror of the Immortal) states: For children suffering from malaria that has not resolved after a year, this formula is suitable.
Leech (Shuizhi), Dog-fly (Gouchong - likely Tabanus/Mangchong) (one each), Realgar (Xionghuang), Asafoetida (Awei) (a small amount).
Grind all ingredients into a fine powder. Mix with horse sweat to make a paste, apply to the center of the palm. The disease will be cured immediately. (Note: Since Gouchong is used with Leech, it is likely Mangchong/Tabanus).

*Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies) cites *Jiuji Fang* (Emergency Rescue Formula) for treating continuous malaria lasting several days. Changshan San (Dichroa Powder):
Dichroa Root (Changshan), Antelope Horn (Lingyangjiao, roasted until charred), Dark Plum Flesh (Wumei Rou, roasted until dry) (3 liang each), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) (2 liang), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted) (1.5 liang).
Pulverize the five ingredients. Decoct with bamboo leaves, take 6-7 he (ancient unit) as a drink. Take 3 square-inch scoops (fangcunbi) of Dichroa Powder three times before the attack. Take one dose one hour before the fever starts. If cured, stop. If not cured, take another 3 square-inch scoops just before the next attack. Adjust dosage for elderly and children according to their condition. Avoid kelp, Chinese cabbage, raw green onions, and raw vegetables.

*Shenghui Fang* (Holy Healing Formulas) treats pediatric malaria with irregular recurrences. Pishuang Wan (Arsenic Pill):
Arsenic Trioxide (Pishuang, boiled in vinegar three times, finely ground), Cinnabar (Zhusha, finely ground) (1 fen each), Love-in-idleness Seed (Xiangsizi), Croton Seed (Badou, peeled, heart removed, ground, oil pressed out with paper) (7 seeds each), Mother Clove (Mudingxiang) (4 cloves), Asafoetida (Awei, half qian, wrapped in flour and roasted until flour is cooked), Dichroa Root (Changshan) (1 qian).
Pulverize the ingredients, sieve into powder, mix thoroughly with previously ground ingredients. Blend with refined honey to make pills the size of millet seeds. Take one pill with cold water before the fever starts. Add one pill per year of age.

*Shenghui Fang* treats persistent pediatric malaria with hard masses in the chest and hypochondrium. Shuqi Wan (Patrinia Pill):
Patrinia Rhizome (Shuqi), Apricot Kernel (Xingren, soaked in hot water, peeled, tips removed, double-kernels removed, bran-roasted until slightly yellow), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian, remove roots), Cinnamon Bark (Guixin), Sweet Descurainia Seed (Tiantingli, stir-fried between papers until purple) (1 fen each), Sichuan Mirabilite (Chuan Mangxiao), Sichuan Rhubarb (Chuan Dahuang, sliced and lightly stir-fried) (0.5 liang each).
Pulverize, sieve, and blend with refined honey to make pills the size of sesame seeds. Take five pills with gruel broth, three times a day. Adjust dosage based on the child's size.

*Shenghui Fang* treats chronic malaria unresolving. Divine Efficacy Formula:
Spider (5 pieces, large ones de-legged and ground into paste), Bat (roasted until slightly charred), Softshell Turtle Shell (Biejia, coated with vinegar and roasted until yellow, skirt removed) (one each), Musk (Shexiang, half liang, finely ground), Snake Slough (Shetuipi, whole, burned to ash).
Pulverize, sieve, and mix thoroughly with previously ground ingredients. On the noon of the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, add spider paste and blend with refined honey to make pills the size of sesame seeds. Take five pills on an empty stomach with warm wine. Children take two pills with tea.

*Yingru Shu* (Book for Infants and Children) treats pediatric phlegm accumulation and cold, with lingering heat. Changshan Tang (Dichroa Decoction):
Dichroa Root (Changshan), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted), Peucedanum Root (Qianhu) (6 fen each), Rhubarb (Dahuang, 7 fen, steamed under 3 sheng of rice).
Decoct in 7 sheng of water until 3.3 sheng remains. Let cool. For 8-9 year olds: first dose 6 he, second 7 he, third 8 he. For 4 year olds: first 3 he, middle 4 he, last 5 he. For critical cases, increase dosage so that three doses are completed by the time of the fever attack once symptoms improve.

*Yingru Shu* treats persistent pediatric malaria with hard masses in the chest and hypochondrium. Shuqi Wan (Patrinia Pill):
Patrinia Rhizome (Shuqi, stir-fried), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Cinnamon Bark (Guixin) (3 fen each), Apricot Kernel (Xingren), Descurainia Seed (Tingli, stir-fried) (6 fen each).
Make into powder, blend with honey into pills. For 6-year-olds: four pills the size of mung beans. For 10-year-olds: three pills the size of lucerne seeds. Take three times a day. Stop when loose stools occur. Regulate diet and rest.

*Yingru Shu* treats pediatric masses and irregular malaria attacks. After taking Sanlengzi Yin (Sparganium Drink), take Muli San (Oyster Shell Powder).
Oyster Shell (Muli), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Dichroa Root (Changshan), Dark Plum Flesh (Wumei Rou, stir-fried), Ginseng Root (Renshen) (3 liang each), Softshell Turtle Shell (Biejia, roasted) (4 fen), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Licorice Root (Gancao, roasted), Salted Fermented Soybeans (Yanchi) (3 fen each), Peach Kernel (Taoren, peeled, tips removed, separate grinding) (21 kernels).
Make into powder. Take one qian on an empty stomach with wine. Take twice a day. Do not cause vomiting or diarrhea.

*Yingru Shu* another formula: Sanleng Yinzi (Sparganium Drink)
Sparganium Rhizome (Sanlenggen), Softshell Turtle Shell (Biejia), Rhubarb (Dahuang) (3 fen each).
Decoct in 8 he of water until 2.5 he remains. Divide into three doses. Nursing mothers avoid amaranth and greasy foods.

Zhang Huan's Wanjindan (Ten Thousand Gold Pill): Treats pediatric phlegm excess with stagnation, alternating chills and fever, and chronic malaria.
Asafoetida (Awei, wrapped in flour, slow-roasted until flour is cooked), Real Arsenic Trioxide (Pishuang, boiled in half cup of vinegar until vinegar is gone) (1 qian each), Cinnabar (Zhusha) (1 fen), Croton Seed (Badou, heart and membrane removed, oil pressed out with paper, at least 7 seeds, finely ground), Clove (Dingxiang), Costus Root (Muxiang) (0.5 liang each), Love-in-idleness Seed (Xiangsizi, 27 seeds, pounded into fine powder).
Grind all ingredients together finely. Blend with refined honey to make pills the size of millet seeds. Take 1-2 pills with fresh water before the fever starts. Add one pill per year of age, up to 10 pills for ages 10-14.

*Li Ren Shu* (Book of Human Life) treats chronic malaria in adults and children that has not healed, forming masses (jia), with alternating chills and fever.
Dung Beetle (Qianglang, roasted) (6 fen), Iris Tuber (Wushan, burned to retain properties), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), House Centipede (Shufu, stir-fried), Ginger Rhizome (Ganjiang, processed), Rhubarb (Dahuang), Cinnamon Bark (Rougui, peeled), Magnolia Bark (N Hou, roasted), Trumpet Vine Flower (Ziwei) (3 fen each), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Moutan Bark (Mudanpi), Ground Beetle (Diechong, stir-fried) (5 fen each), Descurainia Seed (Tingli, stir-fried), Pyrrosia Leaf (Shiwei, remove hairs), Dianthus Herb (Qumai), Peach Kernel (Taoren, peeled, tips removed, double-kernels removed, stir-fried) (2 fen each), Ginseng Root (Renshen), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, washed in hot water) (1 fen each), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao, stir-fried), Beehive (Fengke) (4 fen each, stir-fried), Softshell Turtle Shell (Biejia, roasted), Red Mirabilite (Chixiao) (20 fen each), Bupleurum Root (Chaihu, 6 liang, remove sprouts).
Pulverize and sieve. Take one dou (ancient unit) of ash from the forge stove, soak in 1.5 dou of clear wine. When half the wine is absorbed, add softshell turtle shell and boil until it dissolves like glue. Strain the juice, add other medicines, and decoct into pills the size of lucerne seeds. Take seven pills on an empty stomach, three times a day. One variation excludes house centipede and red mirabilite, adding kelp (3 fen) and giant knotweed root (1 fen). Children take one pill the size of millet grain, twice a day.

*Shenghui Fang* Moxibustion Method: For pediatric malaria that does not heal, moxaibustion at the depression between the big toe and the second toe, one mound (zhuang) on each side, moxa cone size of wheat grain. This is the Neiting acupoint.