《巢氏病源》小儿虚羸候∶此谓小儿经诸大病，或惊痫，或伤寒，或温壮而服药，或吐利、发汗病瘥之后，
血气尚虚脾胃犹弱，不能传化谷气以荣身体，故气力虚而羸也。
钱乙论虚羸云∶脾胃不和，不能乳食致肌瘦。亦因大病或吐泻后，脾胃尚弱，不能传化谷气也。有冷者，
时时下痢，唇口青白。有热者，温壮身热，肌肉微黄，此冷、热虚羸也。冷者木香丸主之，夏月不可服，如有
证，则少服之。热者胡黄连丸主之，冬月不可服，如有证，则少服之。（二方并见本门。）
钱乙论用药识证云∶郑人齐郎中者，家好收药散施人。其子忽脏热，齐自取青金膏三服并一服而服之，服
毕至三更，泻五行，其子困睡。齐言曰∶睡多亦惊，又与青金膏一服，又泻二行，加口干而身热。齐言∶尚有
微热未尽，又与青金膏。其妻曰∶用药十余行未安，莫生病否？召钱氏至，曰∶已成虚羸。先多煎白术散
时时服之（方见胃气不和门中，）后用香瓜丸（方见盗汗门中，）十三日愈。
《外台》∶《千金》疗少小伤寒，久病不除，差复剧，羸瘦骨出。五味子汤方
五味子（十铢） 大黄（六铢） 麦门冬（六分，去心） 芒硝（五分） 石
膏（一分） 甘草（炙） 当归 黄芩 黄连 前胡（各一分）
上十味切。以水三升，煮取一升半，分服二合，下利即止，增减量之，效。
钱乙木香丸
木香 青黛（别研） 槟榔 豆蔻（去皮。各一分） 麝香（别研，一钱半） 随
续子（去皮，一两） 虾蟆（三个，烧存性）
上为细末，蜜丸绿豆大。每服三、五丸至一、二十丸，薄荷汤下。食前。
钱乙胡黄连丸方
胡黄连 黄连（各半两） 朱砂（别研，一分）
上，以上二物为细末，研入朱砂末，都填入猪胆内，用淡浆水煮。以杖子于铫子上，用线钓之，勿着底，
候一炊久取出；研入芦荟、麝香各一分，饭和丸如麻子大。每服五、七丸至三、二十丸，米饮下，食后。
《巢氏病源》中关于小儿虚羸的论述：这指的是小儿在经历各种大病，如惊痫、伤寒或温壮（高热），并经过服药治疗，或者在呕吐腹泻、发汗等病症痊愈之后，气血仍然虚弱，脾胃功能依然薄弱，无法运化水谷精微来滋养身体，因此导致气力不足而形体消瘦。
钱乙论述虚羸时说：脾胃不和，不能正常进食乳食，从而导致肌肉消瘦。这也是因为大病或吐泻之后，脾胃尚且虚弱，无法运化水谷精微的缘故。其中有属于寒证的，时常下痢，嘴唇和口色青白；有属于热证的，表现为低热身热，肌肉微黄，这就是寒性和热性的虚羸。寒证用木香丸主治，夏季不宜服用，如果有相应症状，则少量服用。热证用胡黄连丸主治，冬季不宜服用，如果有相应症状，则少量服用。（这两个方剂均见本门。）
钱乙在论述用药与辨证时说：郑地有一位齐郎中，家中喜欢收集药散施舍给人。他的儿子忽然出现脏腑发热，齐郎中亲自取青金膏给他服用，一次服了三份的量。服完后到三更天，腹泻了五次，孩子陷入昏睡状态。齐郎中说：“睡得太多也是受惊的表现”，又给青金膏一份，结果又腹泻两次，加上口干和身体发热。齐郎中说：“还有微热未清”，又给青金膏。他的妻子说：“用药十多次后仍未安稳，莫不是生病了？”于是召请钱乙前来，钱乙说：“已经形成了虚羸症。”先大量煎煮白术散时时服用（方剂见胃气不和门中），后用香瓜丸（方剂见盗汗门中），十三天后痊愈。
《外台秘要》引用《千金方》治疗少小伤寒，久病不愈，病愈后反而加重，身体消瘦，骨骼突出。五味子汤方：
五味子（十铢） 大黄（六铢） 麦门冬（六分，去心） 芒硝（五分） 石膏（一分） 甘草（炙） 当归 黄芩 黄连 前胡（各一分）
以上十味药切碎。用水三升，煮取一升半，分次服用二合，如果下利停止，可根据情况增减剂量，有效。
钱乙木香丸：
木香 青黛（另研） 槟榔 豆蔻（去皮，各一分） 麝香（另研，一钱半） 随续子（去皮，一两） 虾蟆（三个，烧至存性）
以上药物制成细末，用蜂蜜制成绿豆大小的丸药。每次服用三、五丸至一、二十丸，薄荷汤送服。饭前服用。
钱乙胡黄连丸方：
胡黄连 黄连（各半两） 朱砂（另研，一分）
以上两味药制成细末，将朱砂末调入其中，全部填入猪胆内，用淡浆水煮。用杖子在锅上，用线吊着猪胆，不要接触锅底，煮一顿饭的时间后取出；加入芦荟、麝香各一分，用米饭调和，制成麻子大小的丸药。每次服用五、七丸至三、二十丸，米饮送服，饭后服用。
According to *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases by Master Chao) regarding the syndrome of pediatric emaciation and debility: This refers to children who, after suffering from various severe illnesses such as convulsions and epilepsy (*Jing Xian*), cold damage (*Shang Han*), or warm heat with high fever (*Wen Zhuang*), and having undergone medication treatment, or following the recovery from vomiting and diarrhea, or sweating-inducing conditions, still have deficient Qi and Blood, and their Spleen and Stomach remain weak. They are unable to transform and transport grain Qi to nourish the body, thus resulting in weakness of energy and emaciation.
Qian Yi discussed emaciation and debility, stating: Disharmony of the Spleen and Stomach leads to an inability to digest milk and food, resulting in thin muscles. This is also due to the fact that after severe illness or vomiting and diarrhea, the Spleen and Stomach are still weak and cannot transform and transport grain Qi. In cases of Cold type, there is frequent dysentery, with blue-white lips and mouth. In cases of Heat type, there is low-grade fever and body heat, with slightly yellowish muscles; these are the Cold and Heat types of emaciation and debility. The Cold type is treated primarily with Muxiang Wan (Aucklandia Pill), which should not be taken in summer; if symptoms arise, it should be taken in small doses. The Heat type is treated primarily with Huhuanglian Wan (Coptis Pill), which should not be taken in winter; if symptoms arise, it should be taken in small doses. (Both formulas are found in this section.)
Qian Yi discussed recognizing syndromes when prescribing medications: There was a gentleman named Qi from Zheng, whose family liked to collect medicinal powders to distribute to others. His son suddenly developed internal organ heat. Mr. Qi personally administered Qingjin Gao (Blue Gold Ointment), giving three doses at once. After finishing the dose, by the third watch of the night, the son had five episodes of diarrhea and fell into a deep sleep. Mr. Qi said, "Sleeping too much may indicate fright," and gave another dose of Qingjin Gao. This resulted in two more episodes of diarrhea, accompanied by dry mouth and body heat. Mr. Qi said, "There is still residual mild heat," and gave more Qingjin Gao. His wife said, "After using medicine ten-plus times, he is still not stable; could he have fallen ill?" Qian Yi was summoned and diagnosed, "He has already developed the syndrome of emaciation and debility." First, large amounts of Baizhu San (Atractylodes Powder) were decocted and taken frequently (formula found in the section on Disharmony of Stomach Qi), followed by the use of Xiagua Wan (Melon Pill) (formula found in the section on Night Sweats). He recovered in thirteen days.
*Waitai Miyao* (Secrets of the Outer Cabinet) cites *Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) for treating pediatric cold damage where the illness persists for a long time without resolution, and upon apparent recovery, the condition worsens, leading to emaciation and protruding bones. Formula for Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction):
Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (10 zhu), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (6 zhu), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (6 fen, remove heart), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) (5 fen), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (1 fen), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) (each 1 fen).
The above ten ingredients are chopped. Boil in three sheng of water until one and a half sheng remains. Divide into doses of two he, taking them separately. If diarrhea stops, adjust the dosage accordingly; this is effective.
Qian Yi's Muxiang Wan (Aucklandia Pill):
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis, ground separately), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Doukou (Cardamomi Fructus Rotundus, peeled, each 1 fen), Shexiang (Moschus, ground separately, 1 qian 5 fen), Suixuxu Zi (Semen Erythrinae, peeled, 1 liang), Xama (Bufo Toad, three pieces, burned to retain nature).
Grind all into a fine powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of mung beans. Take 3-5 pills up to 10-20 pills per dose, washed down with Bohe Tang (Mint Decoction). Take before meals.
Qian Yi's Huhuanglian Wan (Coptis Pill) Formula:
Huhuanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma alternative), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (each ban liang), Zhusha (Cinnabar, ground separately, 1 fen).
Grind the above two ingredients into a fine powder, mix in the Cinnabar powder, and fill entirely into a pig gallbladder. Boil the gallbladder in light rice wine. Suspend the gallbladder with a string attached to a stick over the pot, ensuring it does not touch the bottom. Boil for the duration of cooking a meal, then remove. Add Lulü (Aloe) and Shexiang (Moschus), each 1 fen. Mix with rice flour to form pills the size of sesame seeds. Take 5-7 pills up to 20-30 pills per dose, washed down with Mi Yin (Rice Drink). Take after meals.