急惊父母惶恐。慢惊医家担心。不语口闭眼翻睁。下手便掐威灵。两手大指齐掐。手嫩隔绢
方轻。一声显叫得欢忻。不醒还须法应。囟陷不跳必死。开而跳者还生。再掐中冲要知音。知痛声
音动听。大 眼可掐动。肾头掐亦苏醒。两乳穴下探生死。舍此何须又论。
小儿周身穴道。推拿左右相同。三关六腑要通融。上下男女变通。(男左手、女右手、男从左手
外往里推为补、从里往外推为清、推女相反、在右手。)
脾土男左为补。女补右转为功。阴阳各别见天工。除此俱该同用。急惊推拿宜泄。痰火一时
相攻。自内而外莫从容。攻去痰火有用。慢惊推拿须补。自外而内相从。一切补泄法皆同。男女关
腑异弄。法虽一定不易。变通总在人心。本缓标急重与轻。虚实参乎病症。初生轻指点穴。二三用
力方凭。五七十岁推渐深。医家次第神明。一岁定须三百。二周六百何疑。月家赤子轻为之。寒火
多寡再议。年逾二八长大。推拿费力支持。七日十日病方离。虚诳医家谁治。禁用三关手法。足热
二便难通。渴甚腮赤眼珠红。脉数气喘舌弄。忌用六腑手法。泄青面 白容。脉微吐呕腹膨空。足
冷眼青休用。小儿可下病症。(下者六腑也。)实热面赤眼红。腹膨胁满积难通。浮肿 腮疼痛。小便赤黄壮
热。气喘食积宜攻。遍身疮疥血淋漓。腹硬肚痛合用。不可下有数症。囟陷肢冷无神。不时自汗泄
频频。气虚干呕难忍。面白食不消化。虚疾潮热肠鸣。毛焦神困脉微沉。烦燥鼻塞咳甚。
急惊风让父母惶恐不安,慢惊风令医家担忧忧虑。患儿不语、口闭、眼翻白向上凝视。此时下手便掐按威灵穴。双手的大拇指同时掐按。因小儿皮肤娇嫩,需隔着一层绢布进行,力度要轻。若患儿一声哭叫显得欢喜(有生机),若不醒则还需采用其他急救方法。囟门凹陷且不跳动者必死无疑;囟门打开且能跳动者尚有生机。再掐中冲穴以判断预后,知道痛觉反应声音动听(有神)。大眼角可掐动,肾头(足跟)处掐之亦能苏醒。在两乳下方的穴位探查生死迹象,除此之外无需多论。
小儿全身的穴位,推拿时左右手法相同。推三关和退六腑的手法需要融会贯通,上下身及男女患者需灵活变通。(男性取左手,女性取右手;男性从左手外侧向内侧推为补法,从内侧向外侧推为清法;女性的操作与男性相反,在右手上进行。)
脾土穴,男性左侧推为补法,女性右侧旋转推为补法。阴阳各有不同,体现天然工巧。除此以外其余穴位手法大多通用。急惊风推拿宜用泄法,因为痰火一时相互攻冲。病邪由内向外发散时不可从容应对,攻去痰火才有效。慢惊风推拿须用补法,手法方向由外向内顺应病情。一切补法和泄法的原则基本相同,但男女在三关和六腑的操作上有所不同。法则虽然固定不变,但变通全凭医者用心。本缓标急需分清轻重,虚实需参合病症判断。初生婴儿用轻指点穴,二三岁用力适中方可凭借,五岁至七十岁推拿逐渐加深。医家需循序渐进达到神明境界。一岁的患儿定需推拿三百次,两周岁六百次有何可疑?月龄内的赤子应轻柔施治,寒热多少再行商议。年龄超过十六岁长大成人,推拿费力难以支撑。发病七日或十日病邪方离,若虚证误诊为实证(虚诳),哪位医生能治好?禁用推三关的手法,否则会导致足部发热、二便不通。口渴严重、腮红、眼珠发红、脉数、气喘、弄舌者,忌用退六腑的手法,否则会导致面色发青或苍白。脉微细、呕吐、腹胀空软、足冷、眼青者休用此法。
小儿可以运用下法的病症:实热证,面赤眼红,腹部膨隆、胁肋胀满、积滞难通,浮肿、腮部疼痛,小便赤黄、壮热,气喘、食积宜于攻下,遍身疮疥、血淋漓,腹部硬、肚痛合用下法。
不可运用下法的数种症状:囟门凹陷、四肢冰冷、无神志,不时自汗、腹泻频繁,气虚干呕难以忍受,面白、食物不消化,虚疾潮热、肠鸣,毛发焦枯、精神困倦、脉微沉,烦躁、鼻塞、咳嗽剧烈。
Acute convulsion (Ji Jing) causes panic among parents, while chronic convulsion (Man Jing) worries physicians. The child is mute, mouth closed, and eyes rolling upward. Immediately pinch the Weilings point (威灵). Simultaneously pinch with both thumbs. Since the infant's skin is tender, use a layer of silk gauze as an interlayer and apply light pressure. If the child cries out loudly showing vitality, it is auspicious; if not waking, other emergency methods must be employed. A sunken fontanelle that does not pulsate indicates certain death; an open fontanelle that pulsates indicates survival. Pinch the Zhongchong point (中冲) again to assess prognosis; hearing a responsive cry indicates spirit is present. Pinching the outer canthus may induce movement; pinching the heel (Shentou) may also restore consciousness. Probe for life and death at the points below the two breasts; beyond this, no further discussion is needed.
The acupoints on the entire body of a child are treated identically on both left and right sides. The techniques for pushing San Guan (Three Passages) and retreating Liu Fu (Six Bowels) must be integrated flexibly, adapting to upper/lower body differences and gender variations. (For males, use the left hand; for females, use the right hand. For males, pushing from the lateral side towards the medial side of the left hand is tonification [Bu], and pushing from medial to lateral is clearing [Qing]; for females, the operation is reversed on the right hand.)
For the Spleen Earth point (Pitu), tonification for males is performed by pushing the left side, while for females, tonification is achieved by rotating the right side. Yin and Yang differ, reflecting natural skill. Except for these, the remaining points generally share common techniques. Acute convulsion requires draining techniques because phlegm and fire attack each other suddenly. When pathogenic factors move from interior to exterior, one cannot act leisurely; eliminating phlegm and fire is effective. Chronic convulsion requires tonifying techniques, with movements following from exterior to interior. All tonifying and draining principles are essentially the same, but operations on San Guan and Liu Fu differ between genders. Although the laws are fixed, flexibility depends on the physician's mind. Distinguish the severity of root and branch conditions; determine deficiency and excess based on symptoms. Newborns require light finger-pointing; children aged two or three require moderate force. Pushing becomes deeper for ages five to seventy. Physicians must progress step-by-step to achieve divine proficiency. One-year-olds require 300 manipulations; two-year-olds require 600 without doubt. Infants within months should be treated gently; adjust cold/heat intensity accordingly. Children over sixteen years old find manipulation laborious and difficult to sustain. If the disease persists after seven or ten days, and deficiency is mistaken for excess (false fullness), who can treat it? Avoid pushing San Guan, as it causes foot heat and difficulty in urination and defecation. Avoid retreating Liu Fu if there is severe thirst, red cheeks, red eyeballs, rapid pulse, panting, and tongue protrusion, as it leads to blue or pale complexion. Avoid it if the pulse is faint, vomiting occurs, abdomen is distended and empty, feet are cold, and eyes are blue.
Conditions suitable for purgative (Xia) techniques in children: Excess-heat patterns with red face and eyes, abdominal distension, hypochondriac fullness, and difficult-to-pass accumulation; edema and painful swelling of the cheeks; dark yellow urine, high fever; panting and food stagnation requiring attack; widespread sores and ulcers with bleeding; hard abdomen and abdominal pain requiring combination with purgatives.
Contraindications for purgative techniques: Sunken fontanelle, cold limbs, lack of spirit; spontaneous sweating and frequent diarrhea; Qi deficiency with unbearable dry heaving; pale face and indigestion; deficiency-pattern tidal fever and borborygmus; dry hair, mental fatigue, and faint/deep pulse; irritability, nasal congestion, and severe coughing.