巢氏云∶小儿卒死者，是三虚而遇贼风，故无病仓卒而死也。三虚者，乘年之
衰，一也。逢月之空，二也。失时之和，三也。有人因此三虚，复为贼风所伤，使
阴气偏竭于内，阳气阻隔于外，而气壅闭，阴阳不通，故暴绝而死也。若腑脏未竭，
良久乃苏。亦有兼挟鬼神气者，皆须邪退乃生也。凡中客忤及中恶卒死，而邪气不
尽，停蓄心腹，久乃发动，多变成疰也。
〔茅先生〕卒死候，眼合、哜齿、遍身如绵软、面青黑、口鼻冷。此候因本
生下而遍身热，或因有惊患，医一团，绞取汁，灌之，无湿者水煮，干者取汁。
《葛氏肘后》救卒死而壮热者。
上用矾石半斤，水一升半煮消，以渍脚，令没踝。
又方 救卒死而目闭者。
上用骑牛临面捣薤汁灌之耳中。
又方 救卒死而四肢不收，屎便者。
上取牛洞一升，温酒灌口中。洞者，稀粪也。
《千金》卒死无脉，无他形候，阴阳俱竭故也。
上用牵牛临鼻上二百息，牛舐必瘥。牛不肯舐，着盐汁涂面上，即牛肯舐。
又方 上炙熨斗熨两胁下。（《备急方》云∶又治尸厥。）
治魇死不自觉者方
上用慎灯火勿令人手动，牵牛临其上即觉，若卒不能语，取东门上鸡头末之，以酒服。
治卒魇死方 上捣韭汁灌鼻孔中，剧者灌两耳。（张仲景云∶灌口中。）
治鬼不悟方 上末伏龙肝，吹鼻中。
又方 上末皂荚，如大豆许吹鼻中，嚏则气通，起死人。（《集验方》云∶治中恶。）
《圣惠》治小儿卒死方
上取女青末半钱，用牛乳汁调服之。
又方 上烧 猪粪，水解取汁服之。
又方 上以苦参、醋煮汁，少许，纳口中即苏，水煮亦得。又，酒煮烂棺木板取汁，服少许。
又方 上煎盐汤令极咸，以物拗口开灌之，令入腹，即活。
又方 以热汤和灰，浓拥身上，逡巡即苏。
《婴孺》治小儿不知所病便死绝方
上取雄鸡冠临儿口上，割血滴入口，下即活。
《肘后》灸法 卒死而四肢不收屎便者，灸心下一寸，脐上三寸，脐下四寸，各一百壮，儿小者随年。
《千金》治卒死针间使，各百余息。
又 灸鼻下人中，一名鬼客厅。（《肘后方》云∶又治尸厥。）
巢元方说：小儿突然死亡，是因为处于“三虚”的状态又遭遇了贼风（指不正之气），所以没有明显疾病却突然死亡。所谓“三虚”，一是遇到年份的衰气，这是第一虚；二是遇到月亮亏空之时，这是第二虚；三是违背了四时气候的和顺，这是第三虚。有人因为具备这三种虚弱状态，再被贼风所伤，导致阴气在内偏枯衰竭，阳气在外阻隔不通，从而气机壅塞闭阻，阴阳之气不相贯通，因此暴绝而死。如果脏腑精气尚未耗尽，过一段时间还能苏醒。也有兼夹鬼神邪气的情况，都必须等到邪气退去才能生还。凡是中受客忤（指突受惊吓或异气侵扰）及中恶突然死亡的，如果邪气未尽，停聚在心腹部位，时间久了就会发作，多转变为疰病（一种具有传染性的慢性消耗性疾病）。
〔茅先生〕关于卒死证的候象：眼睛闭合、咬牙、全身像绵软一样无力、面色青黑、口鼻发冷。这种证候是因为患儿出生时遍身发热，或者因受到惊恐，医生用一团药绞取汁液灌服，若无湿药则用水煮，干药则取汁。
《葛氏肘后方》救治卒死且壮热的患者。
以上述矾石半斤，水一升半，煮至溶解，用来浸泡双脚，使脚踝没入水中。
另一方法：救治卒死且双眼紧闭的患者。
以上述骑牛临面捣碎薤白取汁，滴灌入耳中。
又一方法：救治卒死且四肢松弛不收、大小便失禁的患者。
以上述取牛洞（即稀粪）一升，用温酒灌入口中。
《千金方》认为卒死无脉，没有其他形候表现，是因为阴阳之气都竭尽的缘故。
以上述牵牛子放在鼻上二百次呼吸的时间，让牛舔舐患处必定痊愈。如果牛不肯舔，将盐汁涂在脸上，牛就会肯舔。
又一方法：以上述炙热的熨斗熨烫两胁下。（《备急方》说：也治疗尸厥。）
治疗魇死（梦中惊死）而不自知的方子：
以上述谨慎灯火，不要让人手移动，牵牛子置于其上方即可苏醒。如果突然不能说话，取东门上的鸡头（芡实）研末，用酒送服。
治疗卒然魇死的方子：
以上述捣取韭汁灌入鼻孔中，病情重的灌入双耳。（张仲景说：灌入口中。）
治疗鬼魅迷惑不醒的方子：
以上述将伏龙肝（灶心土）研末，吹入鼻中。
又一方法：以上述将皂荚研末，如大豆大小，吹入鼻中，打喷嚏则气机通畅，可使死人复活。（《集验方》说：治疗中恶。）
《圣惠方》治疗小儿卒死的方子：
以上述取女青粉末半钱，用牛乳汁调匀服用。
又一方法：以上述用苦参、醋煮取汁，少许纳入口中即可苏醒，用水煮也可以。另外，用酒煮烂棺木板取汁，服用少许。
又一方法：以上述煎盐汤使其极咸，用器物撬开嘴灌入，使药液进入腹部，即可活命。
又一方法：以上述热汤调和灰，浓敷包裹身体，不久即可苏醒。
《婴孺书》治疗小儿不知患病便突然死亡的方子：
以上述取雄鸡冠置于婴儿口上，割破滴血入口，落下后即活。
Chao Yuanfang stated: Sudden death in infants and children occurs when they are in a state of "Three Deficiencies" (San Xu) and encounter thief-wind (Zei Feng, pathogenic wind). Thus, they die suddenly without apparent disease. The "Three Deficiencies" are: first, encountering the declining qi of the year; second, encountering the time of the waning moon; third, failing to harmonize with the seasonal climate. If one possesses these three deficiencies and is further injured by thief-wind, it causes Yin qi to be depleted internally and Yang qi to be blocked externally. Qi becomes congested and closed, and the communication between Yin and Yang ceases, leading to sudden death. If the Zang-Fu organs have not yet exhausted their essence, the patient may revive after a while. There are also cases involving the interference of ghostly or evil spirits, where life can only be restored after the pathogenic factors recede. In cases of Ke Wu (sudden shock from external influences) or Zhong E (sudden poisoning by evil qi) resulting in sudden death, if the pathogenic qi is not completely expelled and stagnates in the heart and abdomen, it may trigger later, often transforming into Zhu disease (a contagious, chronic wasting condition).
[Mao Xiansheng] described the signs of sudden death: eyes closed, teeth clenched, body soft as cotton, face cyanotic and dark, mouth and nose cold. This condition arises because the infant was born with heat throughout the body, or due to fright. Physicians would take a bundle of herbs, wring out the juice, and administer it. If the herbs were fresh, they were boiled in water; if dry, the juice was extracted directly.
Ge Hong's *Elbow Posterior Prescriptions* for treating sudden death accompanied by high fever:
Take half a jin of Alum (Ming Fan), boil in 1.5 sheng of water until dissolved, and soak the feet, submerging the ankles.
Another prescription for sudden death with closed eyes:
Crush Scallion Bulb (Xie Bai) and extract the juice, instilling it into the ears.
Another prescription for sudden death with flaccid limbs and incontinence:
Take one sheng of Cow Dung (Niu Dong, specifically loose feces), warm it with wine, and pour it into the mouth.
Sun Simiao's *Thousand Golden Prescriptions* states that sudden death without pulse and other symptoms is due to the exhaustion of both Yin and Yang.
Place Seeds of Morning Glory (Qian Niu Zi) above the nose for two hundred breaths. Let a cow lick the affected area; recovery is certain. If the cow refuses, apply salt juice to the face, which will induce the cow to lick.
Another method: Apply hot moxibustion or heated iron to the hypochondriac regions below the ribs. (*Emergency Formulas for Emergencies on Hand* notes this also treats Shi Jue/Corpse-like coma).
Prescription for Yan Si (death from nightmare/suppression) where the patient is unaware:
Keep lights low and prevent movement. Place Seeds of Morning Glory (Qian Niu Zi) above the patient to awaken them. If the patient cannot speak suddenly, take powder from the chicken head (Euryale Seed/Qian Shi) found at the east gate, and administer with wine.
Prescription for sudden Yan Si:
Crush Chinese Chive (Jiu Cai) and extract juice, instilling it into the nostrils. For severe cases, instill into both ears. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: instill into the mouth.)
Prescription for bewitchment/unconsciousness:
Powder Hearth Earth (Fu Long Gan, burnt clay from the center of a cooking stove) and insufflate into the nostrils.
Another method: Powder Soap Bean (Zao Jia), about the size of a soybean, and insufflate into the nostrils. Sneezing will open the Qi pathways and revive the deceased. (*Collected Proven Prescriptions* notes this treats Zhong E).
*Taiping Shenghui Fang* for sudden death in infants:
Take half a qian of female Qian Niu Zi (or related herb Nu Qing), mix with cow's milk, and administer.
Another method: Burn Pig Feces, dissolve in water, extract the juice, and administer.
Another method: Boil Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (Ku Shen) in vinegar, extract a small amount of juice, and place in the mouth to restore consciousness. Boiling in water is also acceptable. Alternatively, boil rotten coffin wood in wine, extract the juice, and administer a small amount.
Another method: Prepare extremely salty brine. Use an instrument to pry open the mouth and pour it in until it enters the stomach, reviving the patient.
Another method: Mix hot water with ash, apply thickly over the body. The patient will revive shortly.
*Ying Ru Shu* for infants dying suddenly without known illness:
Take the comb of a rooster, hold it above the infant's mouth, cut it to let blood drip into the mouth. The infant will revive immediately.
*Moxibustion Method from Elbow Posterior Prescriptions*: For sudden death with flaccid limbs and incontinence, moxa-burn one cun below the heart, three cun above the navel, and four cun below the navel, one hundred cones each. For smaller children, adjust according to age.
*Thousand Golden Prescriptions* for sudden death: Needle Jian Shi (PC5), retain for over two hundred breaths.
Another method: Moxa-burn Ren Zhong (GV26), also known as Ghost Reception Hall. (*Elbow Posterior Prescriptions* notes this also treats Shi Jue).