〔娄〕惊痫，即急慢之证，但惊痫发时仆地作声，醒时吐沫，急慢惊则不作声，
不吐沫也。仁斋曰∶痫，小儿之恶候也，盖小儿血脉不敛，气骨不聚，为风邪所触，
为乳哺失节，停结癖积而得之。其候，神气怫郁，瞪眼直视，面目牵引，口噤涎流，
腹肚胀膨，手足搐掣，似死似生，或声或哑，或项背反张，或腰脊强直，但四体柔
弱，发而时醒者为痫，若一身强硬，终日不醒，则为痉证矣。
阳痫初作时，病先身热螈 ，惊啼叫啖而后发，脉浮者为阳痫，乃急惊也，
内在六腑，外在皮肤，为易治。若病先身冷，不惊 ，不啼呼，而作脉沉者
为阴痫，乃慢惊也，此病内在五脏，外在骨髓，剧者难治。〔曾〕阳痫者，因
感惊风三次发搐，不与去风下痰则再发，然三次者，非一日三次也，或一月、或
一季、一发惊搐，必经三度，故曰三次，所谓惊风三发便为痫，即此义也。其病，
主身热自汗，两目上视，嚼沫切牙，手足制搦，面色红紫，六脉浮数，以百解散加
五和汤、水煎疏解，次下痰，用水晶丹或半夏丸。阴痫者，因慢惊后去痰不尽，
痰入心包而得，四肢逆冷，吐舌摇头，口嚼白沫，牙关紧闭，但不甚惊搐作啼，面色
或白或青，脉息沉微，故《婴孩宝书》云，睡中吐舌更摇头。正此之谓，治以固真
汤加曰生汤同煎，调宽气饮和解。
【娄氏观点】惊痫，即包括急惊风和慢惊风在内的证候。但惊痫发作时，患儿会仆倒在地并发出声音，清醒后吐出涎沫；而急惊或慢惊则不发出声音，也不吐涎沫。
仁斋说：痫病是小儿的一种危重证候。大概是因为小儿血脉未收敛，气骨未充实，受到风邪触动，或因哺乳喂养不当，导致痰食停结、癖积形成而患病。其症状表现为：神气郁滞，瞪眼直视，面部肌肉牵引抽搐，口噤不开、涎水直流，腹部胀大膨隆，手足搐搦掣动，状似死亡又似存活，有时发声有时失声，有时项背向后反张，有时腰脊强直。但只要四肢尚柔软，发作后能暂时清醒的，就是痫病；若全身僵硬强硬，整天不能清醒的，则是痉证。
阳痫在初发时，病症先表现为身体发热、肢体抽搐（螈），惊叫啼哭，然后发病。脉象浮的属于阳痫，也就是急惊风。此病内在涉及六腑，外在涉及皮肤，属于容易治疗的类型。如果病症先表现为身体寒冷，不惊悸，不啼哭呼叫，且脉象沉的，属于阴痫，也就是慢惊风。此病内在涉及五脏，外在深入骨髓，病情严重的难以治疗。
【曾氏观点】阳痫，是因为感受惊风，经过三次发作抽搐，如果不及时祛风化痰，就会再次发作。这里说的“三次”，并非指一天内发作三次，而是指或一个月、或一个季度，只要惊搐发作经过三次，所以称为“三次”。所谓“惊风三发便为痫”，就是这个意思。其病症主要表现为：身体发热、自汗，两目上视，咀嚼涎沫、咬紧牙齿，手足拘挛握固，面色红紫，六脉浮数。治疗用百解散加五和汤，用水煎服以疏散解表，随后再祛除痰浊，使用水晶丹或半夏丸。
阴痫，是因为慢惊风之后痰浊未除尽，痰邪侵入心包所致。症状表现为四肢逆冷，吐舌摇头，口中咀嚼白沫，牙关紧闭，但不怎么惊搐啼哭，面色或白或青，脉息沉微。所以《婴孩宝书》中说：“睡梦中吐舌并摇头”，正是指这种情况。治疗用固真汤加曰生汤同煎，配合调宽气饮进行和解调理。
[Lou's View] Jingxian (Startle Epilepsy) refers to syndromes including both acute and chronic convulsions. However, when Jingxian attacks, the child falls to the ground making sounds, and upon waking, vomits saliva; whereas acute or chronic convulsions do not produce sounds nor vomit saliva.
Ren Zhai stated: Xian (Epilepsy) is a severe prognosis in children. This is generally because children's blood vessels are not yet consolidated, and their Qi and bones are not fully gathered. They are touched by wind pathogens, or due to irregular breastfeeding and feeding, leading to the retention and accumulation of phlegm and food, forming masses. The manifestations include: depression of spiritual energy, staring with wide eyes, traction and twitching of the face and eyes, lockjaw with drooling, abdominal distension and swelling, twitching and clamping of hands and feet, appearing as if dead yet alive, sometimes vocalizing and sometimes mute, sometimes opisthotonos (backward arching of the neck and back), or rigidity of the waist and spine. As long as the four limbs remain soft and the child awakens temporarily after an attack, it is Xian (Epilepsy); if the whole body is stiff and rigid, unable to awaken for a full day, it is Jingsi (Spasm Syndrome).
When Yangxian (Yang Epilepsy) first occurs, the disease initially presents with fever, convulsive twitching (Rongyu), startle crying, and shouting before the onset. A floating pulse indicates Yangxian, which is Acute Startle Convulsion. The pathology is internal to the Six Fu Organs and external to the skin, making it easy to treat. If the disease initially presents with coldness of the body, without startle, crying, or calling, and a deep pulse, it is Yinxian (Yin Epilepsy), which is Chronic Startle Convulsion. The pathology is internal to the Five Zang Organs and external to the bone marrow; severe cases are difficult to treat.
[Zeng's View] Yangxian arises from contracting Startle Wind, undergoing three episodes of convulsions. If wind-dispelling and phlegm-resolving measures are not taken, it will recur. The term "three times" does not mean three times in one day, but rather that whether over a month or a season, once the startle convulsion has occurred three times, it is called "three times." Hence, "Startle Wind occurring three times becomes Epilepsy," which conveys this meaning. The main symptoms are: fever with spontaneous sweating, upward deviation of the eyes, chewing of saliva and grinding of teeth, clamping and grasping of hands and feet, red-purple complexion, and floating-rapid pulses throughout all six positions. Treatment involves using Baijie San (Hundred-Resolution Powder) added with Wuhe Tang (Five-Harmony Decoction), decocted in water to disperse and resolve externally, followed by resolving phlegm using Shuijing Dan (Crystal Pill) or Banxia Wan (Pinellia Pill).
Yinxian arises from incomplete resolution of phlegm after Chronic Startle Convulsion, allowing phlegm to enter the Pericardium. Symptoms include cold extremities, protrusion of the tongue and shaking of the head, chewing of white foam in the mouth, and locked jaw, but without severe startle convulsions or crying. The complexion may be white or cyanotic, and the pulse is deep and faint. Thus, *Yinghan Baoshu* (Treasure Book for Infants and Children) states: "Protruding the tongue and shaking the head while sleeping." This precisely describes this condition. Treatment involves decocting Guzhen Tang (Solidify the True Decoction) together with Yuesheng Tang (Increase Life Decoction), combined with Tiao Kuanqi Yin (Regulate and Broaden Qi Drink) for harmonization.