虞抟曰。何谓胎寒。芽儿百日内。觉口冷腹痛。身起寒粟。时发战栗。曲足握拳。日夜啼哭不已。或口噤不开。名
曰胎寒。其症在胎时。母因腹痛而致。亦有产妇喜啖甘肥生冷。或胎前外感风寒暑湿。治以凉药。内伤胎气。则生后昏
昏多睡。间或 乳泻白。不早治。必成慢惊、慢脾风。宜冲和饮合当归散加煨姜微泄。次用匀气散调补。次参苓白术散
养胃。白芍药汤去寒湿。何谓胎热。儿在胎中。母多惊恐。或食热毒物。生后旬日间。儿多虚痰。气急喘满。眼闭目赤。
目胞浮肿。神困呵欠。吸吸作声。遍身壮热。小便赤。大便秘。时惊烦。由胎中受热。或误服温剂。致令热蓄于内。熏
蒸胎气。故有此症。不早治。则鹅口、重舌、木舌。赤、紫、丹瘤。自此而生。母宜先服木通散。亦与儿服。次以四圣
散温洗儿两目。目开。进地黄膏、天竺黄散、当归散、牛蒡汤。亦同母服。凡有胎疾。当先令母服药。使药过乳。渐次
解之。百无一失。如以凉药攻之。必生他病。乳母尤必忌口。
孙思邈曰。小儿初出腹。筋骨未敛。肌肉未成。血凝乃坚成肌肉耳。其血沮败。不成肌肉。则使面目绕鼻口左右悉
黄。而啼闭口。聚口撮面。口中干燥。四肢不能伸缩者。皆是血脉不敛。此多不育。宜龙胆汤。
李仲南曰。外症。舌强唇青。聚口撮面。面目黄赤。气息喘急。啼声不出。饮乳有妨。若口出白沫。而四肢冷者。
不可救疗。其或肚胀筋青。吊肠卵疝。内气引痛。皆肠胃郁结不通致之。治法贵疏利。宜辰砂膏。初生七日后。此症可
免。
虞抟说：什么是胎寒？婴儿在出生百日内，感觉口冷、腹痛，身上起鸡皮疙瘩，时常发生战栗，蜷缩双腿、握紧拳头，日夜啼哭不止。或者牙关紧闭无法张开，这叫做胎寒。这种病症是在胎儿时期形成的，原因是母亲因腹痛而致病；也有的是因为产妇喜欢吃甘甜、油腻、生冷食物，或在怀孕前外感风寒暑湿邪气，治疗时使用了凉药，内伤了胎气，导致婴儿出生后昏昏欲睡，偶尔吐出白色乳块或大便泄泻白色奶瓣。如果不及时治疗，必定会演变成慢惊风、慢脾风。适宜用冲和饮合当归散加煨姜轻微通下，接着用匀气散调理补益，再用参苓白术散养胃，最后用白芍药汤去除寒湿。
什么是胎热？婴儿在母胎中时，母亲多有惊恐情绪，或者食用了热毒食物，婴儿出生后十几天内，体内多生虚痰，呼吸急促、气喘胸满，眼睛闭合且眼珠发红，眼睑浮肿，精神困倦、频繁打哈欠，吸气时有声响，全身高热，小便颜色深红，大便秘结，时常受惊烦躁。这是由于在胎中受热，或者误服温补药剂，导致热邪蓄积于体内，熏蒸胎气，所以出现这些症状。如果不及时治疗，就会引发鹅口疮、重舌、木舌，以及赤瘤、紫瘤、丹瘤等病症。母亲应当先服用木通散，同时也给婴儿服用。接着用四圣散温水清洗婴儿双眼，待眼睛睁开后，再给予地黄膏、天竺黄散、当归散、牛蒡汤服用，这些药物也需母亲同服。凡是患有胎疾的，应当先让母亲服药，使药力通过乳汁传递，逐渐化解病邪，这样几乎万无一失。如果用凉药强行攻伐，必定会生出其他疾病。乳母尤其必须忌口。
孙思邈说：小儿刚出生时，筋骨尚未收敛坚固，肌肉尚未长成，血液凝固才能形成坚实的肌肉。如果血脉败坏，不能形成肌肉，就会导致面部、眼部及鼻子周围左右全部发黄，并且啼哭时闭口，嘴唇聚拢、面部收缩，口中干燥，四肢不能伸缩自如。这些都是血脉未能收敛的表现，这种情况大多难以存活。适宜使用龙胆汤。
李仲南说：外在症状表现为舌头僵硬、嘴唇发青，嘴唇聚拢、面部收缩，面目呈现黄红色，气息喘急，啼哭不出声，吃奶受到阻碍。如果口中流出白色泡沫，且四肢冰冷，那就不可救治了。如果是肚腹胀大、腹部筋脉青紫，吊肠、卵疝（睾丸肿痛），内部气机牵引疼痛，这都是肠胃郁结不通所致。治疗方法贵在疏通利导，适宜使用辰砂膏。婴儿出生七日后，此症即可避免。
Yu Tun stated: What is termed "Fetal Cold" (Tai Han)? Within the first hundred days after birth, if the infant feels cold in the mouth and abdomen, develops gooseflesh on the body, experiences frequent shivering, curls the legs and clenches the fists, and cries incessantly day and night, or presents with trismus (lockjaw) where the mouth cannot open, this is called Fetal Cold. The pathology originates during the fetal stage; it may result from the mother suffering from abdominal pain, or from the mother's preference for sweet, fatty, and raw/cold foods, or from external contraction of Wind-Cold-Heat-Dampness prior to pregnancy, compounded by the use of cooling medicines that injured the fetal Qi internally. Consequently, after birth, the infant appears lethargic and sleepy, occasionally vomits white milk curds or has white stools. If not treated early, it will inevitably develop into Slow Convulsion (Man Jing Feng) or Slow Spleen Wind (Man Pi Feng). The appropriate treatment is Chonghe Yin (Harmonizing Decoction) combined with Danggui San (Angelica Powder), added with baked ginger (Wei Jiang) to induce mild purgation. Subsequently, Yongqi San (Regulating Qi Powder) should be used for regulation and tonification, followed by Shenling Baizhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) to nourish the Stomach, and finally Baishaoyao Tang (White Peony Root Decoction) to dispel Cold-Dampness.
What is termed "Fetal Heat" (Tai Re)? While in the womb, if the mother experiences excessive fright or consumes heat-toxic substances, the infant, within ten days after birth, will often present with deficiency-phlegm, rapid breathing, asthma, and chest fullness. The eyes may be closed with red sclerae, eyelids swollen, spirit listless with frequent yawning, and inspiratory stridor. The whole body may have high fever, urine dark red, stool constipated, and the infant may be easily startled and irritable. This arises from heat accumulated in the fetus or from the mistaken administration of warming agents, causing heat to accumulate internally and fumigate the fetal Qi, thus producing these symptoms. If not treated early, conditions such as Thrush (E Kou), Double Tongue (Chong She), Wooden Tongue (Mu She), and various tumors (Chi Liu, Zi Liu, Dan Liu) will arise. The mother should first take Mutong San (Akebia Decoction), which is also administered to the infant. Next, wash the infant's eyes with warm water prepared from Sisheng San (Four Sages Powder). Once the eyes open, administer Dihuang Gao (Rehmannia Paste), Tianzhuhuang San (Heavenly Bamboo Resin Powder), Danggui San, and Niubang Tang (Arctium Decoction), all of which should also be taken by the mother. For any fetal disease, one must first let the mother take medicine so that the medicinal properties pass through the breast milk to gradually resolve the condition; this approach is nearly foolproof. If cooling medicines are used to attack the pathogen directly, other diseases will surely arise. The nursing mother must strictly observe dietary restrictions.
Sun Simiao stated: When a child is first born, the sinews and bones have not yet consolidated, and the muscles have not yet formed; only when the blood coagulates can solid muscle tissue be formed. If the blood vessels are damaged and fail to form muscle, it results in yellowing around the face, eyes, and nose, crying with the mouth closed, puckered lips, and contracted facial features, dry mouth, and inability to extend or flex the limbs. These are all signs of failure of the blood vessels to consolidate, and such infants rarely survive. Longdan Tang (Gentian Decoction) is indicated.
Li Zhongnan stated: External manifestations include a stiff tongue, cyanotic lips, puckered mouth, contracted face, yellowish-red complexion, rapid breathing, inability to cry, and difficulty suckling. If white foam issues from the mouth accompanied by cold limbs, the condition is incurable. If there is abdominal distension, visible blue veins on the abdomen, intestinal hernia (Diao Chang), or scrotal swelling (Lan Shan), and internal pain caused by Qi traction, these are due to stagnation and obstruction in the intestines and stomach. The treatment principle emphasizes unblocking and promoting free flow; Chen Sha Gao (Cinnabar Ointment) is suitable. After seven days postpartum, this condition can be avoided.