唐容川曰∶噤口者,下痢不食,是火热浊攻,胃气被伤而不开,各书俱遵丹溪,用石莲汤,《金鉴》谓内热盛,
上冲心作呕。噤口者,用大黄黄连好酒煎服以攻之。按肠胃所以能食者,以胃有津液,清和润泽,是以思食。西洋
医虽滞于迹,亦间有可信处。言谷入于胃,即有胃津注之,将谷浑化如糜,常探胃津搅饭,顷刻亦化为糜。据此谓
说,则胃之思食,全是胃津使然。试观犬欲得肉,则涎出于口,此液即欲食之本也。人之胃津,其思食之情,亦类
乎此。今胃为邪热浊气所攻踞,其清和之津,尽化而为浊滞,下注于大肠,则为痢,停聚胃中,则拒不纳食。丹溪
石莲汤,虽知清火补胃,然石莲是莲米有黑壳者,今医用石莲子,不知何物,断不可用。即莲米,性亦带涩,痢症
宜滑以去着,涩乃所忌。且胃中浊滞非洗涤变化不为功,此方虽寒热未瘥,然未洗涤其滞,变化其浊,非起死回生方
也。清瘟败毒饮、竹叶石膏汤、人参白虎汤、麦冬养荣汤出入加减,庶可以洗胃变津,为开胃进食之良法。至呕不
思食,《金鉴》用二黄好酒,取其峻快以攻逆。然治逆洵为得法,而不知化生胃津,终未得进食之本也。吾意以为
宜用大柴胡汤,加石膏、花粉、人参,则攻逆生津,开胃进食,两面俱到。治噤口者,从无此论,吾今悟出切实之
理,为斯人大声疾呼。海始欲以文章报国,今己自分不能,庶几发明此道,稍有补于斯民欤。
又补论曰∶凡噤口痢,上噤下痢,法宜和中。此与霍乱对看自明,霍乱上吐下泻,必以和中而愈,则知噤口痢,
上噤下痢,亦必以和中而愈。第霍乱是中寒而发,为上下俱脱之症,法主理中汤以温之。噤口痢,上噤下滞,其
为中热可知。热结于中,上下不开。和中之法,宜反理中汤诸药,以寒凉治之,生姜泻心汤,去干姜为宜,人参
白虎汤亦佳。
石莲汤方
人参(一钱) 黄芩(一钱) 黄连(一钱) 石莲(一钱,即莲米有黑壳者)
竹叶石膏汤
淡竹叶(一钱) 石膏(一钱) 人参(一钱) 甘草(一钱) 寸冬(一钱) 半夏(七分) 生姜(一钱) 粳
米(一钱)
涂蔚生曰∶生姜半夏俱辛燥,于是症宜酌用,即有石膏寸冬之寒,亦恐其消耗津液。因此症原系一种热症也。
清瘟败毒散
石膏(一钱) 知母(一钱) 生地(一钱) 犀角(五分) 黄连(一钱) 栀子(一钱) 桔梗(一钱) 黄
芩(一钱)
赤芍(一钱) 玄参(一钱) 连翘(一钱) 丹皮(一钱) 甘草(一钱) 竹叶(一钱)
大柴胡汤
柴胡(一钱) 黄芩(一钱) 人参(一钱) 半夏(七分) 大黄(一钱) 枳实(七分) 生姜(一钱)
大枣(一枚)
人参白虎汤 见前温病方内
麦冬养荣汤
人参(一钱) 知母(一钱) 寸冬(一钱) 甘草(一钱) 五味子(一钱) 当归(一钱) 白芍(一钱)
陈皮(六分) 黄 (一钱) 生地(一钱)
唐容川说:所谓“噤口痢”,是指患者下痢且不能进食,这是由于火热浊气攻冲,损伤了胃气,导致胃气无法舒展。各医书都遵循朱丹溪的观点,使用石莲汤;《医宗金鉴》认为内热炽盛,向上冲逆至心引起呕吐。对于噤口痢,应使用大黄黄连汤,用优质黄酒煎服以攻逐邪气。
我认为,肠胃之所以能进食,是因为胃中有津液,保持清和润泽的状态,所以产生食欲。西洋医学虽然拘泥于表象,但其中也有可信之处。他们说食物进入胃中,随即有胃津注入,将食物浑厚地消化成粥状,经常探查胃津搅拌米饭,片刻也能化为粥状。根据这一说法,胃的思食欲望完全是由胃津决定的。试看狗想要吃肉时,口水会从口中流出,这种液体就是欲食的根本。人的胃津与思食的情感,也类似于此。现在胃被邪热浊气占据,其清和的津液全部转化为浊滞,向下流入大肠,就形成痢疾;停滞在胃中,就拒绝接纳食物。
朱丹溪的石莲汤,虽然知道要清火补胃,但石莲是带黑壳的莲子,现在的医生使用的石莲子,不知道是什么东西,绝对不可使用。即使是莲子,性质也带有涩性,痢症适宜用滑利的方法去除附着之邪,涩性是所忌讳的。况且胃中的浊滞非经洗涤变化不能建功,此方虽然寒热未除,但未洗涤其滞,未变化其浊,不是起死回生的方子。使用清瘟败毒饮、竹叶石膏汤、人参白虎汤、麦冬养荣汤进行出入加减,才可以洗胃变津,这是开胃进食的好方法。至于呕吐不想吃东西,《金鉴》使用大黄、黄连加好酒,取其峻猛快速以攻逐逆气。然而治疗逆气确实得法,却不懂得化生胃津,终究没有抓住进食的根本。
我的意见是应该使用大柴胡汤,加入石膏、花粉、人参,这样既能攻逐逆气又能生津液,开胃进食,两面兼顾。治疗噤口痢,从来没有这样的论述,我现在悟出了切实的道理,为这类病人大声疾呼。我起初想通过文章报效国家,现在已经自认做不到,或许能阐明这个道理,对百姓稍有补益吧。
又补充论述说:凡是噤口痢,表现为上不能食(噤)下痢泄,治法适宜调和脾胃。这与霍乱对照来看自然明白,霍乱上吐下泻,必须通过调和脾胃才能痊愈,那么就知道噤口痢上噤下痢,也必须通过调和脾胃才能痊愈。只是霍乱是中寒所致,属于上下俱脱的病症,治法主用理中汤来温补。噤口痢上噤下滞,可知其中焦属热。热结在中焦,上下不通。调和脾胃的方法,应当反其道而行之,不用理中汤等温热药,而用寒凉药治疗,生姜泻心汤去掉干姜为宜,人参白虎汤也很好。
石莲汤方:人参(一钱)、黄芩(一钱)、黄连(一钱)、石莲(一钱,即带黑壳的莲子)。
竹叶石膏汤:淡竹叶(一钱)、石膏(一钱)、人参(一钱)、甘草(一钱)、寸冬(一钱)、半夏(七分)、生姜(一钱)、粳米(一钱)。
涂蔚生说:生姜和半夏都是辛燥之品,对于这种病症应当斟酌使用,即使有石膏、寸冬的寒性,也恐怕会消耗津液。因为此症原本就是一种热症。
清瘟败毒散:石膏(一钱)、知母(一钱)、生地(一钱)、犀角(五分)、黄连(一钱)、栀子(一钱)、桔梗(一钱)、黄芩(一钱)、赤芍(一钱)、玄参(一钱)、连翘(一钱)、丹皮(一钱)、甘草(一钱)、竹叶(一钱)。
大柴胡汤:柴胡(一钱)、黄芩(一钱)、人参(一钱)、半夏(七分)、大黄(一钱)、枳实(七分)、生姜(一钱)、大枣(一枚)。
麦冬养荣汤:人参(一钱)、知母(一钱)、寸冬(一钱)、甘草(一钱)、五味子(一钱)、当归(一钱)、白芍(一钱)、陈皮(六分)、黄芪(一钱)、生地(一钱)。
Tang Rongchuan stated: "Jinkou Li" (Dysentery with inability to eat) refers to a condition where the patient suffers from dysentery and cannot eat. This is caused by pathogenic fire and turbid qi attacking, damaging the Stomach Qi, which fails to diffuse. Most medical texts follow Zhu Danxi's view and use Shilian Tang (Lotus Seed Decoction). *Yizong Jinjian* (Golden Mirror of Medical Tradition) states that excessive internal heat rushes upward to the Heart, causing vomiting. For Jinkou Li, Dahuang Huanglian Tang (Rhubarb and Coptis Decoction) should be used, decocted in high-quality yellow wine to attack the pathogen.
I believe that the reason the intestines and stomach can accept food is that the Stomach contains fluids (Jin Ye), maintaining a clear, harmonious, moist, and nourishing state, thereby generating appetite. Western medicine, though sometimes rigid in its observations, has credible aspects. They state that when food enters the Stomach, Stomach fluids are immediately secreted to mix with it, digesting the food into a mushy consistency. If one were to constantly probe for Stomach fluids to stir rice, it would turn into mush almost instantly. Based on this, the desire to eat is entirely dependent on Stomach fluids. Observe a dog desiring meat; saliva flows from its mouth. This fluid is the root of the desire to eat. Similarly, human Stomach fluids drive the emotion of wanting to eat. Currently, the Stomach is occupied by pathogenic heat and turbid qi. Its clear and harmonious fluids are transformed into turbid stagnation. When flowing downward into the Large Intestine, it becomes dysentery; when stagnating in the Stomach, it rejects food intake.
Although Zhu Danxi's Shilian Tang aims to clear fire and tonify the Stomach, "Shilian" refers to lotus seeds with black shells. Modern physicians use "Shilianzi," but it is unclear what substance this actually is, so it must not be used. Even if using lotus seeds, their nature is astringent. Dysentery requires slippery methods to remove adherent pathogens; astringency is contraindicated. Moreover, turbid stagnation in the Stomach cannot be resolved without cleansing and transforming it. This formula, while addressing cold and heat, fails to cleanse the stagnation or transform the turbidity; thus, it is not a life-saving prescription. Using Qingwen Baidu Yin (Plague-Dispersing Toxin-Resolving Decoction), Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction), or Maidong Yangrong Tang (Ophiopogon Nourishing Harmony Decoction) with appropriate modifications can cleanse the Stomach and transform fluids, serving as an excellent method to open the Stomach and promote eating. Regarding vomiting and loss of appetite, *Yizong Jinjian* uses Dahuang and Huanglian with good wine, relying on their rapid and potent action to counteract rebellion. While treating rebellion is indeed correct, it neglects the generation of Stomach fluids, failing to address the root of eating.
My opinion is that Dachaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) should be used, supplemented with Shigao (Gypsum), Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), and Renshen (Ginseng). This approach attacks rebellion and generates fluids simultaneously, benefiting both the Stomach opening and food intake. There has never been such a discussion on treating Jinkou Li before. I have now realized the practical principle and am shouting loudly for these patients. I originally intended to serve the country through literature, but now consider myself incapable; perhaps by elucidating this path, I may offer some benefit to the people.
Supplementary discussion: Generally, for Jinkou Li, characterized by upper obstruction (inability to eat) and lower dysentery, the treatment method should focus on harmonizing the Middle Jiao. Comparing this with Huoluan (Cholera-like disorder) makes it clear: Huoluan involves upper vomiting and lower diarrhea, and must be cured by harmonizing the Middle Jiao. Therefore, Jinkou Li, with upper obstruction and lower dysentery, must also be cured by harmonizing the Middle Jiao. However, Huoluan arises from Cold invading the Middle and represents a syndrome of collapse of both upper and lower aspects, so the treatment primarily uses Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) to warm. Jinkou Li, with upper obstruction and lower stagnation, indicates Heat in the Middle. Heat knots in the Middle, blocking the upper and lower openings. The method of harmonizing the Middle should reverse the approach of Lizhong Tang and other warming herbs, instead using cold/cool herbs. Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Ginger Heart-Draining Decoction) with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) removed is suitable; Renshen Baihu Tang is also excellent.
Shilian Tang Formula: Renshen (1 qian), Huangqin (1 qian), Huanglian (1 qian), Shilian (1 qian, i.e., lotus seed with black shell).
Zhuye Shigao Tang: Danshuye (1 qian), Shigao (1 qian), Renshen (1 qian), Gancao (1 qian), Cundong (1 qian), Banxia (0.7 qian), Shengjiang (1 qian), Jingmi (1 qian).
Tu Weisheng stated: Shengjiang and Banxia are both acrid and drying; they should be used cautiously in this condition. Even with the cooling properties of Shigao and Cundong, there is still a fear of consuming body fluids, as this condition is essentially a type of Heat syndrome.
Qingwen Baidu San: Shigao (1 qian), Zhimu (1 qian), Shengdi (1 qian), Xijiao (0.5 qian), Huanglian (1 qian), Zhizi (1 qian), Jiegeng (1 qian), Huangqin (1 qian), Chishao (1 qian), Xuanshen (1 qian), Lianqiao (1 qian), Danpi (1 qian), Gancao (1 qian), Zhuye (1 qian).
Dachaihu Tang: Chaihu (1 qian), Huangqin (1 qian), Renshen (1 qian), Banxia (0.7 qian), Dahuang (1 qian), Zhishi (0.7 qian), Shengjiang (1 qian), Dazao (1 piece).
Renshen Baihu Tang: See previous Warm Disease formulas.
Maidong Yangrong Tang: Renshen (1 qian), Zhimu (1 qian), Cundong (1 qian), Gancao (1 qian), Wuweizi (1 qian), Danggui (1 qian), Baishao (1 qian), Chenpi (0.6 qian), Huangqi (1 qian), Shengdi (1 qian).