味甘、辛，寒，有小毒。主水肿香港脚，利大小便，消痰，破癖，除积聚，消疔肿。生池
泽畔。
叶如水荭，亦似蕺，又似菝 ，叶上有三黑点，非白也，古人秘之，隐黑为白尔。高尺
许，根如芹根，黄白色而粗
大。（新附）
味苦，寒，有毒。主下气，疗脚满水肿，除风毒，利小便。
作藤生，花状如扁豆，黄色。子作小房，实黑色，形如球子核。比来服之，以疗脚满气
急，得小便利，无不差。此
药始出田野，人牵牛易药，故以名之。又有一种草，叶上有三白点
以疗脚下气，亦甚有验。
〔谨
案〕此花似旋复花作碧色，又不黄
，不似扁豆，其三白草有三黑点，非白也，古人秘之，隐黑为白尔。陶不见，但闻而传之，
谓实白点。
味辛、苦，平，无毒。主金疮，止痛，断血，生肉，除诸恶疮，消浮肿。捣封之，汤渍
散敷并良。
叶似苍耳，茎圆有毛，生下湿地，所在皆有。一名虎膏，一名狗膏。生平泽。（新附）
紫葛味甘、苦，寒，无毒。主痈肿恶疮。取根皮捣为末，醋和封之。生山谷中。不入方用
。苗似葡萄，根紫色，大者径二、三寸，苗长丈许。（新附）
味甘、辛，平，有小毒。主水症，水研二十枚服之，吐恶沫，加至三十枚，三日一服，
瘥则止。
又主风虚寒热，身体疮痒浮肿，尸疰恶气，榨取油涂之。叶主香港脚，风肿不仁，捣蒸敷
之。此人间所种者，叶似大
麻叶而甚大，其子如蜱，又名萆麻。今胡中来者，茎赤，树高丈余，子大如皂荚核，用之益
良。油涂叶炙热熨囟上，止
衄尤验也。（新附）
味甘、辛，寒，有小毒。主水肿香港脚，利大小便，消痰，破癖，除积聚，消疔肿。生池泽畔。
叶如水荭，亦似蕺，又似菝 ，叶上有三黑点，非白也，古人秘之，隐黑为白尔。高尺许，根如芹根，黄白色而粗大。（新附）
味苦，寒，有毒。主下气，疗脚满水肿，除风毒，利小便。
作藤生，花状如扁豆，黄色。子作小房，实黑色，形如球子核。比来服之，以疗脚满气急，得小便利，无不差。此药始出田野，人牵牛易药，故以名之。又有一种草，叶上有三白点以疗脚下气，亦甚有验。
〔谨案〕此花似旋复花作碧色，又不黄，不似扁豆，其三白草有三黑点，非白也，古人秘之，隐黑为白尔。陶不见，但闻而传之，谓实白点。
味辛、苦，平，无毒。主金疮，止痛，断血，生肉，除诸恶疮，消浮肿。捣封之，汤渍散敷并良。
叶似苍耳，茎圆有毛，生下湿地，所在皆有。一名虎膏，一名狗膏。生平泽。（新附）
紫葛味甘、苦，寒，无毒。主痈肿恶疮。取根皮捣为末，醋和封之。生山谷中。不入方用。苗似葡萄，根紫色，大者径二、三寸，苗长丈许。（新附）
味甘、辛，平，有小毒。主水症，水研二十枚服之，吐恶沫，加至三十枚，三日一服，瘥则止。
又主风虚寒热，身体疮痒浮肿，尸疰恶气，榨取油涂之。叶主香港脚，风肿不仁，捣蒸敷之。此人间所种者，叶似大麻叶而甚大，其子如蜱，又名萆麻。今胡中来者，茎赤，树高丈余，子大如皂荚核，用之益良。油涂叶炙热熨囟上，止衄尤验也。（新附）
Taste: Sweet, pungent. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Slightly toxic. Indications: Edema (water swelling), Hongjiao (gouty arthritis/foot swelling), promotes urination and defecation, resolves phlegm, breaks up masses, eliminates accumulations, and reduces carbuncles and sores. Habitat: Grows by ponds and marshes. Description: Leaves resemble those of *Polygonum hydropiper* (Water Pepper) or *Houttuynia cordata* (Fish Mint), and also look like *Smilax*. The leaves have three black spots; they are not white. Ancient people kept this secret, hiding the black to make it appear white. Height is about one chi. Roots resemble celery roots, yellowish-white and thick/large. (Newly added)
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Directs Qi downward, treats leg fullness and edema, dispels wind-toxicity, and promotes urination. Growth habit: Grows as a vine. Flowers resemble broad beans, yellow in color. Seeds are contained in small pods, black inside, shaped like ball seeds/nuts. Recent usage: Taken to treat leg fullness and shortness of breath due to Qi stagnation; once urination becomes smooth, recovery is assured. Origin: This herb originally came from fields; people exchanged it for medicine using cattle, hence its name. Another variety of grass has three white spots on its leaves and is effective for treating lower body Qi stagnation. [Note]: This flower resembles *Inula japonica* (Xuanfu Hua) but is blue-green, not yellow, and does not resemble broad beans. Its "Sanbaicao" (Three-White Grass) actually has three black spots, not white; ancient people kept this secret, concealing the black to present it as white. Tao Hongjing did not see it himself but transmitted what he heard, believing the spots were white.
Taste: Pungent, bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats metal wounds, stops pain, arrests bleeding, promotes flesh regeneration, removes various malignant sores, and reduces swelling. Application: Crushed and applied topically, or soaked in decoction and powdered for application, both are effective. Description: Leaves resemble *Xanthium sibiricum* (Cang'er). Stems are round and hairy. Grows in wet places, found everywhere. Also known as Hugaou (Tiger Ointment) and Gougao (Dog Ointment). Habitat: Plains and marshes. (Newly added)
Zige (Purple Vine): Taste: Sweet, bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Carbuncles, swellings, and malignant sores. Preparation: Take root bark, crush into powder, mix with vinegar, and apply topically. Habitat: Mountains and valleys. Not used in prescriptions. Description: Seedlings resemble grapevines. Roots are purple, large ones 2-3 cun in diameter. Seedlings grow up to one zhang long. (Newly added)
Taste: Sweet, pungent. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Slightly toxic. Indications: Water retention syndromes. Dosage: Grind twenty seeds in water and ingest; induces vomiting of foul foam. Increase to thirty seeds, take once every three days; stop when recovered. Additional indications: Wind-deficiency with alternating cold and heat, body sores/itching/swelling, corpse-infection (chronic wasting diseases) and evil Qi. Preparation: Press to extract oil and apply topically. Leaf indications: Hongjiao (gouty arthritis), wind-swelling with numbness. Preparation: Crush, steam, and apply topically. Description: The variety cultivated by humans has leaves resembling hemp leaves but much larger. Seeds resemble ticks, also called Bima. The variety coming from Hu regions (Western Regions) has red stems, trees over one zhang high, seeds as large as soap pod kernels, which are more effective. Application: Oil applied to leaves, heated, and used as a hot compress on the fontanelle is particularly effective for stopping epistaxis. (Newly added)