味苦，寒，无毒。主身有大热在皮肤中，去面热赤 、酒 ，恶风、癞疾，阴下痒湿，
明
水肿，去臭气。一名林兰，一名杜兰，皮似桂而香。生零陵山谷，生
干。
零陵诸处皆有，状如楠树，皮甚薄而味辛香。今益州有，皮浓，状如浓朴，而气味为胜。
故
今东人皆以山桂皮当之，亦相类，道家用合香，亦好也。
〔谨案〕木兰叶似菌桂叶，其叶
气味辛香，不及桂也。
味甘，平，无毒。主大小便不通，利水道，除邪气。肠胃邪热气，消肿。性滑利。久服
轻身不饥，其实尤良。疗小
儿头疮痂 。华，主小儿痫，小便不利，伤热。一名零榆。生 川山谷。二月采皮，取白曝
干。八月采实，并勿令中湿，
湿则伤人。
此即今榆树耳，剥取皮，刮除上赤皮，亦可临时用之。性至滑利，初生叶，人以作糜羹
辈，令人睡眠。嵇公所谓∶
榆，令人瞑也。断谷乃屑其皮，并檀皮服之，即所谓不饥者也。
〔谨案〕榆三月实熟，寻即
落矣，今称八月采实，恐《本
经》误也。
味酸，平，无毒。主心腹寒热，邪结气，四肢酸疼湿痹，烦心不得眠，脐上下痛，血转、
久
益肝气，坚筋大骨，助阴气，令人肥健。久服安五脏，轻身延年。
生河东川泽。八月采实，阴干卅日成。
恶防己。今出东山间，云即是山枣树子，子似武昌枣，而味极酸，东人乃啖之以醒睡，
与此疗不得眠，正反矣。
〔谨
案〕此即 枣实也，树大如大枣，实无常形，但大枣中味酸者是。《本经》唯用实，疗不得
眠，不言用仁。今方用其仁，
补中益气。自补中益肝以下，此为酸枣仁之功能。又于下品白棘条中，复云用其实。今医以
棘实为酸枣，大误矣。
【木兰】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治皮肤中蕴积的大热，去除面部潮红发热、酒渣鼻（酒齄），消除恶风症状、癞疾（麻风等皮肤病），治疗阴部瘙痒潮湿，消除水肿，去除口臭。又名林兰，又名杜兰，树皮像桂皮但有香气。产于零陵的山谷中，需晒干使用。
零陵各地都有，形状像楠树，树皮很薄且味道辛香。现在益州也有，树皮较厚，形状像厚朴，但气味更胜一筹。
所以如今东方人常用山桂皮来代替，也相类似，道家用来合制香料，也很好。
〔谨案〕木兰的叶子像菌桂的叶子，其叶子的味道辛香，但不如桂皮。
【榆皮】
味道甘，性平，无毒。主治大小便不通畅，通利水道，祛除邪气。清除肠胃中的邪热之气，消除肿胀。药性滑利。长期服用能使人身体轻健、不感饥饿，其实（榆实）效果尤其好。治疗小儿头部疮疡结痂。榆花，主治小儿癫痫、小便不利、伤热。又名零榆。产于某川的山谷中。二月采集树皮，刮去白色部分晒干。八月采集果实，并且不要让果实受潮，受潮则有害于人。
这就是现在的榆树，剥取树皮，刮除上层的赤色皮层，也可以临时使用。药性非常滑利，初生的叶子，人们煮成粥羹一类食物，能让人睡眠。嵇公所说的：“榆，能让人昏睡。”断食期间就磨碎树皮，并配合檀皮服用，就是所谓的不饥饿。
〔谨案〕榆树三月果实成熟，随即掉落，现在说八月采集果实，恐怕《本经》有误。
【酸枣】
味道酸，性平，无毒。主治心腹部的寒热交替，邪气结聚，四肢酸痛湿痹，心烦不得眠，肚脐上下疼痛，血行逆乱。补益肝气，坚固筋骨，辅助阴气，使人肥壮强健。长期服用能安定五脏，身体轻健，延年益寿。
产于河东的川泽地带。八月采集果实，阴干三十天制成。
畏忌防己。现在出产于东山间，说是山枣树的种子，种子像武昌枣，但味道极酸，东方人拿来吃以提神醒脑，这与它治疗失眠的功效正好相反。
〔谨案〕这就是枣的果实，树大如大枣，果实没有固定形状，只是大枣中味道酸的那些。《本经》只提到用果实，治疗失眠，没说用仁。现在方剂中使用其仁，能补中益气。从补中益气肝以下，这是酸枣仁的功能。又在《本经》下品白棘条中，又说用其实。现在医生把棘实当作酸枣，是大错特错了。
[Magnolia Flower] (Magnoliae Flos)
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats severe heat accumulated in the skin, removes facial heat and redness, rhinophyma (rosacea), aversion to wind, leprosy (lepromatous diseases), itching and dampness of the genital area, edema, and foul odor. Alternative names: Linlan (Forest Orchid), Dulan. The bark resembles Cinnamomi Cortex (Guizhi) but is fragrant. Grows in the valleys of Lingling; processed by drying.
Lingling has them everywhere; they resemble Nanmu trees, with very thin bark that tastes pungent and fragrant. Currently found in Yizhou, the bark is thicker, resembling Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo), but superior in aroma.
Therefore, people in the East often use Shan Gui Pi (Mountain Cinnamon Bark) as a substitute, which is also similar. It is suitable for Taoists to blend into incense.
[Note] Magnolia leaves resemble Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) leaves; their taste is pungent and fragrant, though less so than Cinnamon.
[Elm Bark] (Ulmi Cortex)
Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats constipation of both large and small intestines, promotes urination, dispels pathogenic factors, clears pathogenic heat from the stomach and intestines, reduces swelling. Its nature is slippery and lubricating. Long-term consumption lightens the body and suppresses hunger; its fruit is particularly effective. Treats infantile scalp crusted sores. The flowers treat infantile epilepsy, difficult urination, and heat injury. Alternative name: Lingyu. Grows in the valleys of certain rivers. Harvest the bark in February, scrape off the white part, and dry it in the sun. Harvest the fruits in August, ensuring they do not get wet, as moisture harms the user.
This is the modern Elm tree. Peel the bark, scrape off the outer reddish layer, and it can be used immediately. Its nature is extremely slippery and lubricating. The newly sprouted leaves are made into porridge or soup by people, inducing sleep. As Ji Gong said: "Elm induces drowsiness." During grain-abstaining practices, powdered bark mixed with Pruni Cortex (Tanpi) is consumed to prevent hunger.
[Note] Elm fruits ripen in March and fall shortly after. The claim of harvesting fruits in August in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* is likely erroneous.
[Ziziphus Jujuba Seed / Sour Date Kernel] (Suanzaoren)
Taste: sour. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats alternating cold and heat in the heart and abdomen, qi stagnation due to pathogenic factors, soreness and pain with damp-bi in the four limbs, vexation and insomnia, pain above and below the umbilicus, and blood reflux. Benefits liver qi, strengthens sinews and bones, assists yin qi, makes the body robust and strong. Long-term consumption calms the five zang organs, lightens the body, and prolongs life.
Grows in the river marshes of Hedong. Harvest fruits in August, shade-dry for thirty days.
Incompatible with Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji). Currently produced in the eastern mountains, said to be seeds of the wild jujube tree. The seeds resemble Wuchang dates but are extremely sour. People in the East eat them to refresh themselves, which contradicts its indication for treating insomnia.
[Note] This refers to the fruit of the Ziziphus jujuba tree. The tree is large like the common date, and the fruit has no fixed shape, specifically referring to the sour varieties within jujubes. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* only mentions using the fruit to treat insomnia, not the kernel. Current prescriptions use the kernel, which tonifies the middle and benefits qi. From tonifying the middle and benefiting the liver downwards, these are the functions of Suanzaoren (Sour Date Kernel). Furthermore, in the lower grade section regarding Baijiti (Spina Gleditsiae), it states using the fruit. Modern physicians mistakenly identify Spina Gleditsiae fruits as Sour Dates, which is a significant error.