微温。主中蛊及疟。
今人乃呼赤者为 荷，白者为覆菹，叶同一种耳，于人食之，赤者为胜。药用白者。中
蛊者服其汁，并卧其叶，即
呼蛊主姓名。亦主诸溪毒、沙虱辈，多食损药势，又不利脚。人家种白 荷，亦云辟蛇。
〔谨
案〕根主诸恶疮，杀螫蛊毒。
根心主稻麦芒入目中不出者，以汁注目中即出也。
味甘、苦，大寒。主时行壮热，解风热毒。
即今以杂作 蒸者。 ，作甜音，亦作忝。时行热病初得，便捣饮汁皆除瘥。
〔谨案〕
此
作羹食之，亦大香美也。
味辛，温。主下气，除寒中，其子尤良。
叶下紫色而气甚香。其无紫色不香似荏者，名野苏，不任用。子主下气，与橘皮相宜同
疗也。
味辛，微温，无毒。主下气，杀谷，除饮食，辟口臭，去毒，辟恶气。久服通神明，轻
身耐老，主吐血、衄血、血
崩。一名鸡苏，一名劳祖，一名芥苴，一名瓜苴，一名道华。生九真池泽，七月采。
方药不用，俗中莫识。昔九真辽远，亦无能识访之。
〔谨案〕此苏，生下湿水侧，苗似
旋复，两叶相当，大香馥。青、
济、开、河间人名为水苏，江左名为荠苎，吴会谓之鸡苏。主吐血、衄血、下气、消谷大效。
而陶更于菜部出鸡苏，误
矣。今以鸡苏为水苏之一名，复申吐血、衄血、血崩六字也。
（白荷）性微温。主治中蛊毒及疟疾。
现在人们称红色的为“荷”，白色的为“覆菹”，叶子是同一类植物，但供人食用时，红色的优于白色的。药用则使用白色的。中蛊毒的人服用其汁液，并将叶子铺在身下卧躺，就能喊出蛊主的姓名。也主治各种溪涧中的毒物、沙虱等伤害。多吃会损伤药力，而且对脚部不利。人家种植白荷，据说也能辟除蛇虫。
【苏敬等考证】根部主治各种恶疮，能杀灭螫咬和蛊毒。
根心主治稻麦芒刺入眼中无法取出的情况，将汁液滴入眼中，芒刺即可排出。
（水苏）味甘、苦，性大寒。主治流行性高热，解除风热毒邪。
就是现在用来掺杂制作蒸食的那种。读音同“甜”，也写作“忝”。在流行热病初起时，捣烂取水饮用，都能治愈。
【苏敬等考证】此菜做成羹汤食用，也非常香美。
（另一种水苏/紫苏类）味辛，性温。主治降气，消除中焦寒邪，其种子效果更佳。
叶子背面呈紫色且气味非常芳香。那些没有紫色、不香且类似荏草的，称为野苏，不能药用。种子主治降气，与橘皮配合适宜，可共同治疗。
（水苏）味辛，性微温，无毒。主治降气，消化谷物，去除饮食积滞，辟除口臭，解毒，驱除恶气。长期服用可通神明，使身体轻健并能延缓衰老，主治吐血、鼻衄、血崩。又名鸡苏，又名劳祖，又名芥苴，又名瓜苴，又名道华。产于九真郡的池塘沼泽地带，七月采收。
方药中不使用，民间百姓大多不认识。过去因为九真郡地处偏远，也没有人能识别并寻访到它。
【苏敬等考证】这种苏，生长在潮湿的水边，幼苗类似旋复花，两片叶子相对生长，香气浓郁芬芳。青州、济州、开封、河间地区的人称之为水苏，江南地区称之为荠苎，吴越地区称之为鸡苏。主治吐血、鼻衄、降气、消谷，疗效显著。而陶弘景却在蔬菜部单独列出鸡苏，这是错误的。现在将鸡苏作为水苏的一个别名，并重申了主治吐血、鼻衄、血崩这六个字的内容。
(Baihe / White Lotus) Properties: Slightly warm. Indications: Mainly treats poisoning by Gu (a traditional concept of venomous or parasitic disease) and malaria.
Currently, people refer to the red variety as "He" (Lotus), and the white variety as "Fuju" (Covered Pickle), although their leaves are from the same plant type. For human consumption, the red variety is superior. However, for medicinal use, the white variety is employed. Those suffering from Gu poisoning should drink its juice and lie on its leaves; this will cause them to call out the name of the Gu master. It also treats various toxins found in streams and injuries from sand leeches. Excessive consumption damages the therapeutic efficacy and is detrimental to the feet. Planting white lotus at home is said to repel snakes.
[Commentary by Su Jing et al.] The root mainly treats various malignant sores and neutralizes stinging and Gu poisons.
The heart of the root treats rice and wheat awns that have entered the eye and cannot be removed; instilling the juice into the eye causes the awn to exit immediately.
(Shuisu / Perilla frutescens var. acuta) Flavor: Sweet and bitter. Nature: Very cold. Indications: Mainly treats severe fever during epidemic diseases and resolves wind-heat toxicity.
This refers to the herb currently used as an additive in steamed dishes. The pronunciation is the same as "Tian" (sweet), and it is also written as "Tian". When epidemic febrile diseases first commence, crushing and drinking the juice can cure the condition.
[Commentary by Su Jing et al.] This herb, when made into a soup, is also very fragrant and delicious.
(Another variety of Shuisu/Zi Su) Flavor: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Indications: Mainly directs Qi downward and eliminates cold in the Middle Jiao (Spleen and Stomach); its seeds are particularly effective.
The underside of the leaves is purple and has a strong fragrance. Those varieties that lack purple coloration, are not fragrant, and resemble Ren (Perilla frutescens var. jianensis) are named Ye Su (Wild Perilla) and are not suitable for medicinal use. The seeds direct Qi downward and are compatible with Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel) for combined treatment.
(Shuisu / Water Mint) Flavor: Pungent. Nature: Slightly warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly directs Qi downward, aids digestion of grains, removes food stagnation, dispels bad breath, detoxifies, and wards off evil Qi. Long-term consumption clarifies the mind, lightens the body, and delays aging. It mainly treats hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), and metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding). Also known as Jisu (Chicken Mint), Laozu, Jiju, Guaju, and Daohua. Grows in the ponds and marshes of Jiuzhen Commandery; harvested in the seventh lunar month.
It is not used in official prescriptions, and common people generally do not recognize it. In the past, due to the remoteness of Jiuzhen, no one could identify or seek it out.
[Commentary by Su Jing et al.] This type of Su grows on the wet banks of water bodies. The seedlings resemble Inula japonica (Xuanfu), with two leaves growing opposite each other, and possess a rich, strong fragrance. People in Qingzhou, Jizhou, Kaifeng, and Hejian regions call it Shuisu; people in Jiangzuo (south of the Yangtze) call it Qizhu; and people in Wu and Kuaiji regions call it Jisu. It is highly effective in treating hematemesis, epistaxis, directing Qi downward, and aiding digestion. Tao Hongjing’s error was listing Jisu separately in the vegetable section. Currently, Jisu is regarded as a synonym for Shuisu, and the indications for hematemesis, epistaxis, and metrorrhagia are reiterated.