味甘、平、温、无毒。主腰背寒痛，风痹，益血气，止小便利。生山野。二月、八月采
根，曝干。
此有三种，大略根苗并相类。菝 茎紫，短小多细刺，小减萆 而色深，人用作饮。
〔谨案〕陶云三种相类，非也。萆 有刺者，叶粗相类，根不相类，萆 细长而白，菝
根作块结，黄赤色，殊非狗脊之流也。
味辛、甘、平，无毒。主去恶虫，除脾胃寒热，通利九窍血脉关节，令人不忘。疗脾疸，
常
疗耳聋，散痈肿诸结不消，及金疮恶疮，鼠 ， 折， 鼻，息肉，堕胎，去三虫。一名附
支，一名丁翁。生石城山谷
及山阳。正月采枝，阴干。
今出近道。绕树藤生，汁白。茎有细孔，两头皆通。含一头吹之，则气出彼头者良。或
云即 藤茎。
〔谨案〕此物大者径三寸，每节有二、三枝，枝头有五叶。其子长三、四寸，核黑穣白，
食之甘美。南人谓为燕覆，或名乌覆。今言 藤， 覆声相近尔。
味苦、辛，寒，无毒。主关格诸癃结，小便不通，出刺，决痈肿，明目去翳，破胎堕子，
下闭血。养肾气，逐膀胱
邪逆，止霍乱，长毛发。一名巨句麦，一名大菊，一名大兰。生太
山川谷。立秋采实，阴干。
草、牡丹为之使，恶桑螵蛸。 茎生细叶，花红紫赤可爱，合子叶刈取之。子颇似麦，
故
一种微大，花边有叉丫，未知何者是？今市人皆用小者；复一种，叶
甚赤。案《经》云采实，实中
子至细，燥熟便脱尽，今市人惟合茎叶用，而实正空壳，无复子尔。
味甘、平、温、无毒。主腰背寒痛，风痹，益血气，止小便利。生山野。二月、八月采根，曝干。
此有三种，大略根苗并相类。菝葜茎紫，短小多细刺，小减萆薢而色深，人用作饮。
〔谨案〕陶云三种相类，非也。萆薢有刺者，叶粗相类，根不相类，萆薢细长而白，菝葜根作块结，黄赤色，殊非狗脊之流也。
味辛、甘、平，无毒。主去恶虫，除脾胃寒热，通利九窍血脉关节，令人不忘。疗脾疸，常疗耳聋，散痈肿诸结不消，及金疮恶疮，鼠瘰，折骨，衄鼻，息肉，堕胎，去三虫。一名附支，一名丁翁。生石城山谷及山阳。正月采枝，阴干。
今出近道。绕树藤生，汁白。茎有细孔，两头皆通。含一头吹之，则气出彼头者良。或云即葎藤茎。
〔谨案〕此物大者径三寸，每节有二、三枝，枝头有五叶。其子长三、四寸，核黑穣白，食之甘美。南人谓为燕覆，或名乌覆。今言葎藤，葎覆声相近尔。
味苦、辛，寒，无毒。主关格诸癃结，小便不通，出刺，决痈肿，明目去翳，破胎堕子，下闭血。养肾气，逐膀胱邪逆，止霍乱，长毛发。一名巨句麦，一名大菊，一名大兰。生太山川谷。立秋采实，阴干。
草、牡丹为之使，恶桑螵蛸。茎生细叶，花红紫赤可爱，合子叶刈取之。子颇似麦，故一种微大，花边有叉丫，未知何者是？今市人皆用小者；复一种，叶甚赤。案《经》云采实，实中子至细，燥熟便脱尽，今市人惟合茎叶用，而实正空壳，无复子尔。
Taste: Sweet, neutral, warm; non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats cold pain in the lower back and waist, wind-bi (wind obstruction syndrome), benefits blood and qi, and stops frequent urination. Grows in mountains and wilds. Harvest roots in February and August, dry in the sun.
There are three types, generally similar in both root and stem/leaf characteristics. Baqia (Smilax glabra) stems are purple, short and small with many fine thorns; slightly smaller than Bibie (Dioscorea hypoglauca) but darker in color; people use it for drinking.
[Note] Tao Hongjing claimed the three types are similar, which is incorrect. The type of Bibie that has thorns has coarse leaves that are similar, but the roots are not similar. Bibie roots are long, thin, and white; Baqia roots form knotty masses, yellowish-red in color, distinctly different from Gouji (Cibotium barometz).
Taste: Pungent, sweet, neutral; non-toxic. Indications: Mainly expels harmful parasites, removes cold-heat disorders of the spleen and stomach, unblocks the nine orifices, blood vessels, and joints, and prevents forgetfulness. Treats spleen jaundice, often treats deafness, dissipates abscesses, swellings, and various undissipated nodules, as well as metal wounds, malignant sores, shuolu (scrofula), bone fractures, epistaxis, nasal polyps, induces abortion, and expels the three types of parasites. Also known as Fuzhi, also known as Dingweng. Grows in valleys of Shicheng Mountain and on the sunny slopes of mountains. Harvest branches in January, dry in the shade.
Currently produced near the capital. It grows as a vine winding around trees, with white juice. The stems have fine holes, open at both ends. If one end is held in the mouth and blown into, air exiting the other end indicates good quality. Some say it is the stem of Lv Teng (Humulus scandens).
[Note] This plant's largest specimens have a diameter of three cun. Each node has two or three branches, with five leaves at the branch tips. Its fruit is three to four cun long, with black seeds and white pulp, tasting sweet and delicious. People in the south call it Yanfu or Wu Fu. The term "Lv Teng" mentioned today sounds similar to "Lv Fu."
Taste: Bitter, pungent, cold; non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats guan-ge (obstruction syndrome) and various long-jie (urinary retention syndromes), urinary obstruction, extracts splinters, resolves abscesses and swellings, brightens the eyes and removes nebula, breaks up pregnancy and induces abortion, promotes the discharge of retained blood, nourishes kidney qi, drives out pathogenic counterflow from the bladder, stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, and promotes hair growth. Also known as Juju Mai, also known as Daju, also known as Dalan. Grows in valleys of Tai Mountain. Harvest fruits after the Start of Autumn, dry in the shade.
Caosao (likely referring to a specific herb interaction context, possibly *Paeonia lactiflora* related or generic grass) and Mudan (Mudan Pi / Tree Peony Bark) act as its assistants; it clashes with Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case). Stems bear fine leaves; flowers are red, purple, or crimson, lovely to look at; harvest by cutting stems and leaves together. The seeds somewhat resemble wheat. Thus, one variety is slightly larger with forked edges on the flower petals; it is unknown which is correct. Currently, market vendors all use the smaller variety; another variety has very red leaves. According to the classic texts, fruits should be harvested; the seeds inside are extremely fine and fall off completely when dry and ripe. Currently, market vendors only use stems and leaves, while the fruits are merely empty shells without seeds.