味甘，平，无毒。主心腹膀胱寒热，利小便，止血，消瘀血。久服轻身，益气力，延年
神仙。生河东池泽，四月采。
此即蒲厘花上黄粉也，伺其有，便拂取之，甚疗血，《仙经》亦用此。
味甘，平，无毒。主五脏心下邪气，口中烂臭，坚齿，明目，聪耳。久服轻身，耐老。
一名睢，一名醮。生南海池
泽。
方药不复用，俗人无采，彼土人亦不复识者。江南贡菁茅，一名香茅，以供宗庙缩酒。
或云是薰草，又云是燕麦，
此蒲亦相类耳。
〔谨案〕此即甘蒲，作荐者，春初生，用白为菹，亦堪蒸食。山南名此蒲
为香蒲，谓菖蒲为臭蒲。陶
隐居所引菁茅，乃三脊茅也。其燕麦、薰
黄，即此香蒲花是也。
味辛，平，无毒。主利水道，杀蛊毒，辟不祥。除胸中痰癖。久服益气，轻身，不老，
通神明。一名水香。生大吴
池泽，四月、五月采。
方药俗人并不复识用。大吴即应是吴国尔，太伯所居，故呼大吴。今东间有煎泽草名兰
香，亦或者此也，生湿地。
李云∶是今人所种，似都梁香草。
〔谨案〕此是兰泽香草也。八月花
有。陶云不识，又言煎泽草，或称李云都梁香近之，终非的识也。
味咸、苦、甘、平、微寒、无毒。主青盲，目淫，肤赤，白膜，眼赤痛，泪出。疗唇口
青。久服益精光，轻身。生
龙门川泽，石决明生豫章。十月十日采，阴干百日。
蓍实为之使，恶大麻子。龙门乃在长安北。今处处有。叶如茳芒，子形似马蹄，呼为马
蹄决明。用之当捣碎。又别
有草决明，是萋蒿子，在下品中也。
〔谨案〕石决明，是蚌蛤类，形似紫贝，附见别出在鱼兽条中，皆主明目，故并
有决明之名。俗方惟以疗眼也，道术时须。
味甘，性平，无毒。主治心腹及膀胱部位的寒热病症，通利小便，止血，消除瘀血。长期服用可使身体轻盈，益气力，延年益寿，如同神仙一般。生长在河东地区的池塘沼泽中，四月采集。
这就是蒲草花上的黄色花粉，等待其成熟时，便拂取收集，对治疗血证疗效显著，《仙经》中也使用此物。
味甘，性平，无毒。主治五脏中心下部位的邪气，口中腐烂发臭，坚固牙齿，明亮眼睛，使耳朵灵敏。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延缓衰老。
又名睢，又名醮。生长在南海地区的池塘沼泽中。
现在的方药中不再使用，普通人也不采集，当地人也已不认识它了。江南地区进贡菁茅，又名香茅，用于宗庙祭祀时的缩酒仪式。
有人说它是薰草，又有人说它是燕麦，这种蒲草与它们相似罢了。
【考证】这就是甘蒲，用来制作席子的，春天初生时，用白色部分做成腌菜，也可以蒸着吃。山南地区称这种蒲为香蒲，称菖蒲为臭蒲。陶隐居所引用的菁茅，实际上是三脊茅。所谓的燕麦、薰黄，就是这种香蒲的花。
味辛，性平，无毒。主治通利水道，杀灭蛊毒，辟除不祥之气。清除胸中的痰饮癖积。长期服用可益气，使身体轻盈，不老，通达神明。
又名水香。生长在大吴地区的池塘沼泽中，四月、五月采集。
现在的方药和世俗之人都不再认识和使用它了。大吴应该就是吴国所在地，即太伯居住的地方，所以称为大吴。现在东部地区有煎煮泽草名为兰香的，也许就是这种植物，生长在湿地中。
李云说：是现今人们种植的，类似都梁香草。
【考证】这是兰泽香草。八月开花。陶弘景说不认识，又说煎泽草，或者称李云所说的都梁香比较接近，但终究不是确切的识别。
味咸、苦、甘，性平、微寒，无毒。主治青盲（视力减退或失明），目淫（眼部分泌物过多），皮肤发红，白膜（角膜云翳），眼睛红肿疼痛，流泪。治疗嘴唇和口腔发青。长期服用可增强视力，使身体轻盈。生长在龙门地区的池塘沼泽中，石决明生长在豫章地区。十月十日采集，阴干一百天。
蓍实为其使药，厌恶大麻子。龙门位于长安以北。现在到处都有。叶子像茳芒，种子形状像马蹄，称为马蹄决明。使用时应当捣碎。另外还有一种草决明，是萋蒿子，收录在下品中。
【考证】石决明，属于蚌蛤类，形状像紫贝，附见并单独列在鱼兽条中，都主治明目，所以都有决明的名字。世俗的方剂只用来治疗眼病，道教修炼时常需使用。
The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats cold-heat conditions in the heart, abdomen, and bladder (Bladder organ system), promotes urination, stops bleeding, and resolves blood stasis (Blood Stasis). Long-term consumption lightens the body, boosts Qi and strength, prolongs life, and makes one like an immortal. It grows in the ponds and marshes of Hedong region and is harvested in April.
This is the yellow pollen from the flowers of *Typha orientalis* (Cattail). When ready, it is brushed off and collected; it is highly effective for treating blood disorders, and is also used in the *Xian Jing* (Scripture of Immortals).
The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats evil qi in the lower chest/epigastrium associated with the five zang organs, foul breath with rotting odor, strengthens teeth, brightens the eyes, and sharpens hearing. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging.
It is also known as Sui or Zhao. It grows in the ponds and marshes of the Nanhai region.
It is no longer used in official prescriptions, common people do not harvest it, and locals there have forgotten what it is. Jiangnan region offers Jing Mao (Leycesteria formosana / Imperata cylindrica var. major) as tribute, also known as Xiang Mao (Fragrant Grass), which is used for the ritual of pouring wine onto sacrificial victims at ancestral temples.
Some say it is Xun Cao (Agastache rugosa), others say it is Avena (Oats); this Pu grass is merely similar to them.
[Verification] This is Gan Pu (Sweet Cattail), used for making mats. In early spring, its white base is pickled as Zu (Pickled Vegetables) and can also be steamed for eating. In Shannan, this Pu is called Xiang Pu (Fragrant Cattail), while Chang Pu (Acorus tatarinowii) is called Chou Pu (Stinky Cattail). The Jing Mao cited by Tao Hongjing is actually San Ji Mao (Three-ribbed Cogon Grass). The so-called Oats and Xun Huang refer to the flowers of this Xiang Pu.
The flavor is pungent, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily promotes water passage, kills Gu poison (Gu Poison), wards off misfortune, and removes phlegm-pi accumulation (Phlegm-Pi Accumulation) in the chest. Long-term consumption boosts Qi, lightens the body, prevents aging, and enhances spiritual clarity.
It is also known as Shui Xiang (Water Fragrance). It grows in the ponds and marshes of Dawu region and is harvested in April and May.
Neither current prescriptions nor common people recognize or use it anymore. Dawu likely refers to the State of Wu, where Taibo resided, hence the name Dawu. Currently, in the eastern regions, there is a plant boiled from wetland herbs called Lan Xiang (Orchid Fragrance), which might be this species, growing in wetlands.
Li Yun states: It is what people currently cultivate, resembling Duliang Xiang Cao (Duliang Fragrant Herb).
[Verification] This is Lan Ze Xiang Cao (Lan Marsh Fragrant Herb). It blooms in August. Tao [Hongjing] claimed ignorance, mentioning Jian Ze Cao, or referring to Li Yun's Duliang Xiang as close, but ultimately not an accurate identification.
The flavors are salty, bitter, and sweet; the nature is neutral and slightly cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats Qing Mang (Green Blindness/Atrophy of Optic Nerve), Mu Yin (Ocular Discharge), skin redness, Bai Mo (Leukoma/Corneal Opacity), eye redness and pain, and tearing. It treats bluish discoloration of the lips and mouth. Long-term consumption improves visual acuity and lightens the body. It grows in the ponds and marshes of Longmen region; Shi Jue Ming (Abalone Shell) grows in Yuzhang region. It is harvested on the 10th day of the 10th lunar month and dried in shade for a hundred days.
Yi Shi (Rhizoma Dichondrae Seed) acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Da Ma Zi (Hemp Seed). Longmen is located north of Chang'an. It is now found everywhere. The leaves resemble Jiang Mang (Eleocharis), and the seeds resemble horse hooves, hence called Ma Ti Jue Ming (Horse-Hoof Cassia Seed). It should be crushed before use. Additionally, there is another type called Cao Jue Ming (Herbal Cassia Seed), which is Qi Hao Zi (Semen Artemisiae Scopariae), listed in the Lower Grade.
[Verification] Shi Jue Ming belongs to the bivalve mollusk category, resembling Zi Bei (Purple Cowrie). It is appended separately under the Fish and Beasts section. Both primarily treat eye disorders, hence both bear the name "Jue Ming" (Clear Vision). Secular prescriptions only use it for treating eye diseases, while Daoist practices occasionally require it.