味甘，微温，无毒。主痈疽，久败疮，排脓止痛，大风癞疾，五痔鼠 ，补虚，小儿百
病
脏间
恶血，补丈夫虚损，五劳羸瘦，止渴，腹痛泄利，益气，利阴气。生白水者冷，补。其茎、
叶疗渴及筋挛，痈肿，疽疮。一名戴糁，一名戴椹，一名独椹，一名芰草，一名蜀脂，一名
百本。生蜀郡山谷、白水、
汉中。二月、十月采，阴干。
恶龟甲。 第一出陇西、叨阳，色黄白甜美，今亦难得。次用黑水宕昌者，色白肌肤粗，
新
陵、白水者，色理胜蜀中者而冷补；又有赤色者，可作膏贴用，消痈肿，俗方多用，道家不
须。
〔谨案〕此物，叶似羊齿，或如蒺藜，独茎或作丛生。今出原州及华原者最良，蜀汉不
复采用之。
味辛，温，无毒。主鬼物百精蛊毒，疫疾邪恶气，温疟。久服强悍轻身。益气，延年。
一名鬼督邮。生太山山谷及
陇西，三月采。
鬼督邮之名甚多。今俗用徐长卿者，其根正如细辛，小短扁扁尔，气亦相似。今狗脊散
用鬼督邮，当取其强悍宜腰
脚，所以知是徐长卿，而非鬼箭、赤箭。
〔谨案〕此药，叶似柳，两叶相当，有光润，所在川泽有之。根如细辛，微
粗长，而有臊气。今俗用代鬼督邮，非也。鬼督邮别有本条，在下。
味辛，微温，无毒。主胸胁下逆气，温中，风入脑户，头肿痛，多涕，泪出。眩倒目
，
止痛，除口臭气。久服益精明目，轻身，令人不忘。一名杜衡，一名杜莲，一名白莲，一名
白芩，一名若芝。生武陵川泽及宛朐。二月、八月采根，曝干。
得辛荑、细辛良，恶柴胡、前胡。 今处处有。叶似姜而有文理，根似高良姜而细，味
辛香。又绝似旋 根，殆欲
相乱，叶小异尔。《楚辞》云∶山中人兮芳杜若。此者一名杜衡，今复别有杜衡，不相似。
〔谨案〕杜若，苗似廉姜，
生阴地，根似高良姜，全少辛味。陶所注旋 根，即真杜若也。
味甘，性微温，无毒。主治痈疽，久不愈合的疮疡，排出脓液并止痛，治疗大风癞疾（麻风病），五种痔疮及鼠瘘（淋巴结核），补益虚损，治疗小儿多种疾病，清除脏腑间的瘀血，补益男子的虚损劳伤，缓解五劳羸瘦（因五脏劳损导致的身体消瘦虚弱），止渴，治疗腹痛泄泻，益气，通利阴气。生长在白水地区的药材性质偏冷，具有补益作用。其茎、叶可治疗口渴及筋脉拘挛，痈肿，疽疮。又名戴糁，又名戴椹，又名独椹，又名芰草，又名蜀脂，又名百本。产于蜀郡山谷、白水、汉中地区。二月、十月采集，阴干。
畏忌龟甲。第一种出自陇西、叨阳，颜色黄白，味道甜美，如今也难以得到。其次使用黑水宕昌出产的，颜色白但质地粗糙；新陵、白水出产的，色泽纹理胜过蜀中产的但性质偏冷补；又有赤色的，可用于制作膏药贴敷，消除痈肿，世俗方剂多用此品，道家则不需要。
【考证】这种植物，叶子像羊齿蕨，有的像蒺藜，单茎生长或丛生。现在出产于原州和华原的最为优良，蜀汉地区不再采用。
味辛，性温，无毒。主治鬼物百精蛊毒，疫疠邪恶之气，温疟。长期服用可使身体强悍轻盈。益气，延年益寿。又名鬼督邮。产于太山山谷及陇西地区，三月采集。
鬼督邮这个名字有很多别名。现在世俗所用的徐长卿，其根正如细辛一样细小短扁，气味也相似。现在狗脊散中使用的鬼督邮，应当取其能强壮腰脚的特性，所以知道这是徐长卿，而不是鬼箭羽或赤箭。
【考证】这种药，叶子像柳叶，两叶相对，有光泽，各地川泽都有。根像细辛，稍粗长，带有臊气。现在世俗用徐长卿代替鬼督邮，是不对的。鬼督邮另有专门条目，在下文。
味辛，性微温，无毒。主治胸胁下逆气，温中，风邪入脑户导致头部肿痛，多涕泪，眩晕倒地，目痛，止痛，去除口臭。长期服用可益精明目，身体轻盈，使人不忘事。又名杜衡，又名杜莲，又名白莲，又名白芩，又名若芝。产于武陵川泽及宛朐。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
与辛荑、细辛配伍效果好，畏忌柴胡、前胡。现在到处都有。叶子像姜但有纹理，根像高良姜但较细，味辛香。又极似旋覆花根，几乎容易混淆，只是叶子略有不同。《楚辞》说：“山中人兮芳杜若。”这里的杜若，又名杜衡，现在另外有一种叫杜衡的植物，与此不相似。
Taste is sweet, nature is slightly warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats carbuncles and sores (Yongju), chronic ulcers that fail to heal, expels pus and relieves pain, treats leprosy caused by severe wind pathogens (Dafeng Laiji), five types of hemorrhoids and scrofula (Shu Li), tonifies deficiency, treats various pediatric diseases, eliminates stagnant blood within the zang-fu organs, tonifies deficiency and damage in men, addresses emaciation due to five labors (Wulao Weishou), stops thirst, treats abdominal pain with diarrhea, benefits qi, and promotes the flow of yin qi. Those produced in Baishui are cold in nature and have a tonifying effect. Its stems and leaves treat thirst and muscle spasms, carbuncles and swellings, and gangrenous sores. Also known as Daishen, Daishen, Dushen, Jicao, Shuzhi, and Baiben. Grows in the valleys of Shujun, Baishui, and Hanzhong. Harvested in February and October, dried in the shade.
It is incompatible with Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Guijia). The first type originates from Longxi and Taoyang, with yellow-white color and sweet taste, which is now hard to obtain. The next best comes from Dangchang in Heishui, white in color but coarse in texture; those from Xinling and Baishui have better color and texture than those from Shuzhong but are cold in nature for tonification; there are also red ones, which can be used for making plasters to reduce swelling, commonly used in secular prescriptions but not required by Daoists.
[Verification] This plant's leaves resemble fern fronds or Tribulus terrestris (Jili), growing singly or in clusters. The best quality now comes from Yuanzhou and Huayuan; it is no longer adopted in Shuhan.
Taste is pungent, nature is warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats toxins from evil spirits and gu poison, epidemic malignant qi, and warm malaria. Long-term consumption makes the body strong and light. Benefits qi and prolongs life. Also known as Guiduyou. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai and Longxi, harvested in March.
The name Guiduyou has many aliases. What is currently commonly used as Xuchangqing has roots similar to Asarum (Xixin), small, short, and flat, with a similar aroma. In the Goujisan prescription, the Guiduyou used should possess the property of strengthening the waist and legs, thus confirming it is Xuchangqing, not Araliae Cordata Caulis (Guijian) or Stellariae Radix (Chijian).
[Verification] This herb's leaves resemble willow leaves, paired oppositely, glossy, found in riverbanks and marshes everywhere. The root resembles Asarum (Xixin), slightly thicker and longer, with a fishy odor. Using Xuchangqing as a substitute for Guiduyou in current practice is incorrect. Guiduyou has its own separate entry below.
Taste is pungent, nature is slightly warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats rebellious qi in the chest and hypochondrium, warms the middle jiao, treats wind entering the Naohu acupoint causing head swelling and pain, excessive nasal discharge and tearing, dizziness and falling, eye pain, relieves pain, and removes bad breath. Long-term consumption benefits essence and brightens the eyes, lightens the body, and prevents forgetfulness. Also known as Duhenh, Dulian, Bailian, Baiqin, and Ruozhi. Grows in the riverbanks and marshes of Wuling and Wanqu. Roots harvested in February and August, sun-dried.
Compatible with Magnolia Flower (Xinyi) and Asarum (Xixin); incompatible with Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) and Peucedani Radix (Qianhu). Now found everywhere. Leaves resemble ginger but with visible veins; roots resemble Galangal (Gaoliangjiang) but thinner, with a pungent and fragrant taste. It closely resembles Inulae Radix (Xuanfu Gen), easily confused, differing only slightly in leaves. The "Chu Ci" states: "The person in the mountains, fragrant as Duoruo." This Duoruo is also called Duhenh. However, there is another plant currently called Duhenh that does not resemble this one.
[Verification] Duoruo seedlings resemble Zingiber Officinale Rhizoma (Lianjiang), grows in shady places, roots resemble Galangal (Gaoliangjiang), completely lacking pungency. The Inulae Radix (Xuanfu Gen) annotated by Tao Hongjing is the true Duoruo.