冒风者，风邪冒于皮毛，而未传经入里也。汪 庵曰∶轻为冒，重为伤，又重则为中。可见冒风之病，
较伤风为轻浅耳。近世每以冒风之病，指为伤风，不知伤风之病，即仲景书中风伤卫之证也。今谓冒风，
乃因风邪复冒皮毛，皮毛为肺之合，故见恶风、微热、鼻塞、声重、头痛、咳嗽，脉来濡滑而不浮缓，
此皆春时冒风之证据，与风伤卫之有别也，宜乎微辛轻解法治之。倘或口渴喜饮，是有伏气内潜，如脉
数有汗为风温，脉紧无汗为春温，务宜区别而治，庶几无误。
或问曰∶曾见灵胎书中有头痛、发热、咳嗽、涕出，俗语所谓伤风，非仲圣《伤寒论》中之伤风也。
今先生竟以风伤卫分为伤风，与灵胎相悖，究竟谁是谁非？曰∶灵胎所论之伤风，即是书之冒风；是书之伤
风，即仲圣书中风伤卫分之伤风。据理而论，当遵圣训为是，俗语为非。曰∶观先生所论之冒风，
较伤风为轻，灵胎所论之伤风，为至难治之疾，一轻一重，何其相反？曰∶丰谓风邪初冒皮毛，其证轻而且
浅，不难数服而瘥，故曰轻也；彼谓邪由皮毛而入于肺，经年累月，病机日深，
变成痨怯，故曰至难治之疾也。一论初起，一论病成，何相反之有。
中风之病，如矢石之中人，骤然而至也。古人谓类中为多，真中极少，是书专为六气而设，故论真中
为亟耳。观夫卒中之病，在春中风为多，在夏中暑为多，在秋中湿为多，在冬中
寒为多，是以中风之病，详于春令。盖风之中于人也，忽然昏
倒，不省人事，或 斜舌强，痰响喉间等证。当其昏倒之时，急以通关散取嚏，有则可治，无则多死；
口噤者，用开关散擦牙软之；痰涎壅盛，用诸吐法涌之；此乃急则治标之法。再考诸贤论治，惟《金匮》分
为四中，最为确当，堪为后学准绳，一曰中经，一曰中络，一曰中腑，一曰中脏。如左右不遂，筋骨不用，
邪在经也，当用顺气搜风法治之；口眼 斜，肌肤不仁，邪在络也，当用活血祛风法治之；昏不识人，便溺
阻隔，邪在腑也，当用宣窍导痰法，益以百顺丸治之；神昏不语，唇缓涎流，邪在脏也，亦宜此法，佐以
牛黄清心丸治之。如口开则心绝，目合则肝绝，手撒则脾绝，鼾睡则肺绝，遗溺则肾绝；又有摇头上窜，
汗出如油，脉大无伦，或小如纤，皆不可治。
或问∶古人治中风，每有中腑、中脏、中血脉之分，中腑以小续命汤，中脏以三化汤，中血脉以大秦艽
汤。今既曰遵《金匮》之四中，然与原文不符合者何？曰∶此遵《金鉴》订正之文，谅无有误耳。曰∶论
中又谓真中极少，类中为多，究竟真类，何以别耶？曰∶忽然昏倒，真类皆有之证，然类中者，但无
口眼 斜，不仁不用等证也。曰∶真类既分，不知类中有几？曰∶类中之病有八也∶一因气虚之体，烦劳
过度，清气不升，忽然昏冒为虚中也，治宜补气；一因气实之人，暴怒气逆，忽然昏倒为气中也，治宜顺气；
一因七情过极，五志之火内发，卒然昏倒无知为火中也，治宜凉膈；一因过饱感受风寒，或因恼怒
气郁食阻，忽然昏厥为食中也，治宜宣消；一因登冢入庙，冷屋栖迟，邪气相侵，卒然妄语，头面青黑，昏
不知人为恶中也，治宜辟邪；所有暑中论在卷四，湿中论在卷六，寒中论在卷八。此八者，皆称为类中也。
程曦曰∶是书以《金匮》之四中为准绳，而不以《内经》偏枯、风痱、风懿、风痹四者为纲领何？思
之良久，恍然有会。盖
偏枯者，半身不遂也；风痱者，四肢不举也；风懿者，卒然不语也；风痹者，遍身疼痛也。窃谓偏枯、风
痱、风懿，皆属中风，而风痹一病，断断不能混入，恐后学人，以痹为中，所以宗后圣而未宗先圣，职是故耳。
江诚曰∶诸书以半身不遂，分出左瘫、右痪，不用、不仁。盖谓瘫者坦也，筋脉弛纵，坦然不收；痪者
涣也，气血涣散，筋骨不用。又谓右为不用，左为不仁，其实瘫与不仁，即论中之邪中乎络也；
痪与不用，即论中之邪中乎经也。今以此四中括之，真所谓要言不烦矣。
冒风，是指风邪侵袭皮毛，但尚未传入经络、深入体内的病证。汪昂说：轻的称为“冒”，重的称为“伤”，更重的则称为“中”。由此可见，冒风的病情比伤风要轻浅得多。近代人常常把冒风误认为是伤风，却不知道伤风这一病名，实际上就是张仲景《伤寒论》中“风邪伤及卫分”的证候。现在所说的冒风，是因为风邪再次侵袭皮毛，而皮毛是肺的外合部位，所以会出现怕风、轻微发热、鼻塞、声音沉闷、头痛、咳嗽等症状，脉象表现为濡滑而不浮缓。这些都是春季冒风的证据，与风邪伤卫有所不同，适宜用微辛轻解的方法来治疗。如果患者出现口渴且喜欢饮水，说明体内潜伏有伏气（伏邪），例如脉数且有汗的是风温，脉紧且无汗的是春温，务必加以区别并分别治疗，这样才能避免错误。
有人问道：我曾看到赵献可（灵胎）的书中有头痛、发热、咳嗽、流鼻涕的症状，这就是俗话所说的伤风，并不是张仲圣《伤寒论》中的伤风。现在先生竟然将“风伤卫”区分为伤风，这与赵献可的观点相违背，究竟谁是谁非？回答说：赵献可所论述的伤风，其实就是本书所说的冒风；而本书所说的伤风，即张仲景书中“风邪伤卫”的伤风。从道理上讲，应当遵循张仲景的教诲为正确，俗语的说法为错误。问者说：看先生所论述的冒风，比伤风轻，而赵献可所论述的伤风，却是极难治疗的疾病，一轻一重，为何截然相反？回答说：我认为风邪初犯皮毛，症状轻而且浅，不难通过几服药就痊愈，所以说它轻；而赵献可所说的是邪气由皮毛进入肺部，经年累月，病机日益加深，最终变成虚劳怯弱之症，所以说它是极难治疗的疾病。一个是论述疾病的初期，一个是论述疾病形成后的状态，哪里有什么相反呢？
中风病，就像被箭矢石头击中一样，突然发生。古人认为类中风（内伤杂病引起的类似中风症状）居多，真中风（外风直接侵袭所致）极少。本书专门针对六淫邪气进行论述，因此重点讨论真中风。观察突然中风的病症，在春季多为中风，夏季多为中暑，秋季多为中湿，冬季多为中寒，所以关于中风的论述详细于春季。大概风邪中人时，会突然昏倒，不省人事，或者口眼歪斜、舌体僵硬、喉间痰鸣等症状。当患者昏倒时，紧急使用通关散取嚏，如果有喷嚏反应则可以治疗，如果没有则大多死亡；牙关紧闭的，用开关散擦牙使其软化；痰涎壅盛，用各种催吐法涌吐痰涎；这是急则治标的处理方法。再考察各位医家的论述，只有《金匮要略》将其分为中经、中络、中腑、中脏四种，最为恰当，可以作为后学者的准则。第一种叫中经，第二种叫中络，第三种叫中腑，第四种叫中脏。如半身不遂，筋骨不能活动，是邪气在经，应当用顺气搜风法治疗；口眼歪斜，肌肤麻木不仁，是邪气在络，应当用活血祛风法治疗；神志昏迷不认识人，大小便不通畅，是邪气在腑，应当用宣窍导痰法，配合百顺丸治疗；神志昏迷不说话，嘴唇松弛流口水，是邪气在脏，也适宜用此法，佐以牛黄清心丸治疗。如果口开不合则是心气绝，眼睛闭合则是肝气绝，手撒不收则是脾气绝，打鼾嗜睡则是肺气绝，遗尿则是肾气绝；又有摇头上窜，汗出如油，脉象极大无序，或细小如丝，都是不可治疗的死证。
有人问道：古人治疗中风，常有中腑、中脏、中血脉的区分，中腑用小续命汤，中脏用三化汤，中血脉用大秦艽汤。现在既然说要遵循《金匮要略》的四种分类，那为什么与原文不符呢？回答说：这是遵循《医宗金鉴》订正后的文字，想必没有错误。问者说：论述中又说真中风极少，类中风居多，究竟真中风和类中风如何区别呢？回答说：突然昏倒是真中风和类中风都有的症状，但是类中风没有口眼歪斜、麻木不遂等症状。问者说：既然区分了真风和类风，不知道类中风有几类？回答说：类中风的病有八类：一是因气虚体质，烦劳过度，清气不升，突然昏冒，称为虚中，治疗宜补气；二是因气实之人，暴怒导致气逆，突然昏倒，称为气中，治疗宜顺气；三是因七情过极，五志之火内生，突然昏倒无知，称为火中，治疗宜凉膈；四是因过饱感受风寒，或因恼怒气郁食阻，突然昏厥，称为食中，治疗宜宣消；五是因登墓入庙，在冷屋停留，邪气相侵，突然胡言乱语，头面青黑，昏不知人，称为恶中，治疗宜辟邪；所有暑中的论述在卷四，湿中的论述在卷六，寒中的论述在卷八。这八种，都称为类中风。
程曦说：这本书以《金匮要略》的四种分类为准绳，而不以《内经》中的偏枯、风痱、风懿、风痹四种作为纲领，为什么呢？思考良久，恍然大悟。大概偏枯，是半身不遂；风痱，是四肢不能抬起；风懿，是突然不能说话；风痹，是全身疼痛。我私下认为偏枯、风痱、风懿都属于中风，而风痹这一种病，绝对不能混入其中，恐怕后世学者将痹证误认为中风，所以推崇后圣（张仲景）而未推崇先圣（《内经》），就是这个原因。
江诚说：各书将半身不遂分出左瘫、右痪，不用、不仁。所谓瘫，就是坦，筋脉弛缓纵容，坦然无法收敛；所谓痪，就是涣，气血涣散，筋骨不能活动。又有人说右边是不能活动，左边是麻木不仁，其实瘫与不仁，就是本论述中的邪气中于络；痪与不用，就是本论述中的邪气中于经。现在用这四种分类来概括，真是简明扼要啊。
Mao Feng (Exposure to Wind) refers to a pathological condition where wind pathogen invades the skin and hair but has not yet transmitted into the meridians or interior. Wang Ang stated: "Light is Mao, heavy is Shang, and heavier still is Zhong." This indicates that the illness of Mao Feng is lighter and more superficial than Shang Feng (Wind Injury). In recent times, people often mistake Mao Feng for Shang Feng, unaware that the disease named Shang Feng in this context actually corresponds to the syndrome of "wind injuring the Wei level" described in Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage). The current concept of Mao Feng arises when wind pathogen again invades the skin and hair; since the skin and hair are the exterior union of the Lung, symptoms such as aversion to wind, slight fever, nasal congestion, hoarseness, headache, and cough appear. The pulse is slippery and soft without being floating and slow. These are evidences of Mao Feng occurring in spring, which differs from wind injuring the Wei level, and thus should be treated with mild acrid-light resolving methods. If the patient experiences thirst and desire to drink, it indicates latent Qi (latent pathogenic factors) hiding within. For instance, if the pulse is rapid with sweating, it is Feng Wen (Wind-Warmth); if the pulse is tight without sweating, it is Chun Wen (Spring-Warmth). It is essential to distinguish between them and treat accordingly to avoid errors.
A question was raised: "I have seen in Zhao Xianke's (Lingtai's) book that symptoms such as headache, fever, cough, and runny nose, commonly known as 'Shang Feng' in vernacular language, are not the 'Shang Feng' in Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*. Now, Mr. Lei distinguishes 'wind injuring Wei' as 'Shang Feng', which contradicts Lingtai. Who is right and who is wrong?" The answer was: "The 'Shang Feng' discussed by Lingtai is exactly what this book calls 'Mao Feng'; and the 'Shang Feng' in this book is the 'Shang Feng' of 'wind injuring Wei' in Zhang Zhongjing's writings. Based on reasoning, one should follow the Sage's teachings as correct and vernacular usage as incorrect." The questioner asked: "Observing your discussion, Mao Feng is lighter than Shang Feng, whereas Lingtai's 'Shang Feng' is a very difficult-to-treat disease. Why are they so opposite in severity?" The answer was: "I consider that when wind pathogen initially invades the skin and hair, the symptoms are light and superficial, easily cured after taking a few doses, hence I call it light. Lingtai refers to pathogens entering the Lung from the skin and hair, deepening over years until becoming consumptive weakness, hence he calls it a very difficult-to-treat disease. One discusses the onset, the other discusses the established disease; where is the contradiction?"
Zhong Feng (Apoplexy/Stroke) strikes suddenly, like being hit by an arrow or stone. Ancients believed that Lei Zhong (Internal Stroke mimicking external stroke) was common, while Zhen Zhong (True External Stroke) was rare. Since this book is specifically designed for the six qi (pathogens), it focuses urgently on discussing Zhen Zhong. Observing sudden apoplexy, in spring, wind is predominant; in summer, heat; in autumn, dampness; in winter, cold. Therefore, the discussion on Zhong Feng is detailed regarding the spring season. Generally, when wind attacks a person, there is sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, or deviation of the mouth and eyes, stiff tongue, and phlegm rattling in the throat. During the collapse, urgently use Tong Guan San (Pass-the-Gate Powder) to induce sneezing; if sneezing occurs, it is treatable; otherwise, death is likely. For lockjaw, use Kai Guan San (Open-the-Gate Powder) to rub the teeth and soften them. For excessive phlegm and saliva, use various emetic methods to vomit it out. These are methods for treating the branch in acute situations. Examining the discussions of sages, only the *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) divides it into four categories: Zhong Jing (Invading the Meridians), Zhong Luo (Invading the Collaterals), Zhong Fu (Invading the Fu Organs), and Zhong Zang (Invading the Zang Organs). This division is most accurate and serves as a standard for students.
1. Zhong Jing: Hemiplegia and inability to move limbs/bones/tendons indicate pathogen in the Meridian; treat with methods to regulate Qi and search for wind.
2. Zhong Luo: Deviation of mouth and eyes, numbness of skin and muscles indicate pathogen in the Collaterals; treat with methods to invigorate blood and dispel wind.
3. Zhong Fu: Unconsciousness, inability to recognize people, obstruction of urination and defecation indicate pathogen in the Fu Organs; treat with methods to open orifices and guide out phlegm, aided by Bai Shun Wan (Hundred-Compliance Pill).
4. Zhong Zang: Coma, inability to speak, flaccid lips, flowing saliva indicate pathogen in the Zang Organs; also treat with this method, aided by Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan (Calvescent Calculus Heart-Clearing Pill).
If the mouth opens, it signifies Heart Qi exhaustion; if eyes close, Liver Qi exhaustion; if hands scatter, Spleen Qi exhaustion; if snoring sleep occurs, Lung Qi exhaustion; if enuresis occurs, Kidney Qi exhaustion. Additionally, head shaking with upward gaze, sweat like oil, pulse extremely large and disordered, or pulse tiny as a thread, are all untreatable.
A question was raised: "Ancient treatments for Zhong Feng distinguished between Zhong Fu, Zhong Zang, and Zhong Xue Mai (Blood Vessels), using Xiao Xu Ming Tang for Zhong Fu, San Hua Tang for Zhong Zang, and Da Qin Jiao Tang for Zhong Xue Mai. Since we now follow the four categories of *Jin Gui*, why does it not match the original text?" The answer was: "This follows the corrected text of *Yi Zong Jin Jian* (Medical Standard Gold Mirror), which is presumably error-free." The questioner asked: "The discussion states Zhen Zhong is rare and Lei Zhong is common. How to distinguish true from internal?" The answer was: "Sudden collapse is a symptom of both, but Lei Zhong lacks symptoms like deviation of mouth and eyes, numbness, and paralysis." The questioner asked: "Since true and internal are separated, how many types of Lei Zhong are there?" The answer was: "There are eight types of Lei Zhong: 1. Xu Zhong (Deficiency Stroke): Due to Qi deficiency constitution, excessive labor, failure of clear Qi to ascend, causing sudden dizziness/collapse; treat by tonifying Qi. 2. Qi Zhong (Qi Stroke): Due to excess Qi constitution, sudden anger causing Qi rebellion, causing sudden collapse; treat by regulating Qi. 3. Huo Zhong (Fire Stroke): Due to extreme emotions, fire from five zangs erupting internally, causing sudden collapse and unconsciousness; treat with Liang Ge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder). 4. Shi Zhong (Food Stroke): Due to overeating combined with wind-cold, or anger/qi stagnation blocking food, causing sudden fainting; treat by promoting digestion and dispersing. 5. E Zhong (Evil Stroke): Due to visiting tombs/temples, staying in cold houses, invading evil qi, causing sudden delirium, blue-black face, and unconsciousness; treat by expelling evil. Discussions on Summer Heat, Dampness, and Cold Apoplexy are in volumes 4, 6, and 8 respectively. All eight are called Lei Zhong."
Cheng Xi said: "Why does this book take the four categories of *Jin Gui* as the standard, rather than the four categories of Pian Ku (Hemiplegia), Feng Fei (Wind Paralysis), Feng Yi (Wind Aphasia), and Feng Bi (Wind Bi) from *Nei Jing*? After thinking for a long time, I suddenly understood. Pian Ku is hemiplegia; Feng Fei is inability to lift limbs; Feng Yi is sudden aphasia; Feng Bi is generalized body pain. I privately believe that Pian Ku, Feng Fei, and Feng Yi all belong to Zhong Feng, but Feng Bi absolutely cannot be mixed in, lest later students confuse Bi syndrome with Zhong Feng. This is why I follow the Later Sage (Zhang Zhongjing) rather than the Earlier Sage (*Nei Jing*)."
Jiang Cheng said: "Various books divide hemiplegia into Left Tan (Paralysis) and Right Huan (Flaccidity), using Bu Yong (Inability to use) and Bu Ren (Numbness). Tan means flat/relaxed, referring to relaxed tendons and vessels that cannot contract; Huan means scattered, referring to scattered Qi and Blood and inability of bones and tendons to function. Some say the right side is 'Bu Yong' and the left is 'Bu Ren'. Actually, Tan and Bu Ren correspond to the pathogen invading the Collaterals in this discussion; Huan and Bu Yong correspond to the pathogen invading the Meridians. Using these four categories to encompass them is truly concise and comprehensive."