温者，温热也；瘟者，瘟疫也；其音同而其病实属不同。又可《瘟疫论》中，谓后人省 加 为瘟，
瘟即温也。鞠通《温病条辨》，统风温、温热、温疫、温毒、冬温为一例。两家皆以温瘟为一病。殊不知温
热本四时之常气，瘟疫乃天地之厉气，岂可同年而语哉！夫四时有温热，非瘟疫之可比。如春令之春温、
风温，夏令之温病、热病，长夏之暑温，夏末秋初之湿温，冬令之冬温，以上诸温，是书皆已备述，可弗
重赘。而鞠通先生之书，其实为治诸温病而设也。至于瘟疫之病，自唐宋以来，皆未详细辨论。迨至明末
年间，正值凶荒交迫，处处瘟疫，惨不堪言，吴又可先生所以着《瘟疫论》一书。所谓邪从口鼻而入，
则其所客，内不在脏腑，外不在经络，舍于伏脊之内，去表不远，附近于胃，乃表里之分界，是为半表半里，
即《针经》所谓横连膜原是也。其初起先憎寒而后发热，日后但热而无憎寒。初得之二、三日，其脉不浮不沉
而数，头痛身疼，昼夜发热，日晡益甚者，宜达原饮治之。咸丰八载，至同治纪元，吾衢大兵之后，继以凶
年，沿门合境，尽患瘟疫。其时丰父子延医用方，皆宗又可之法也，更有头面颈项，颊腮并肿者，为大头瘟。
发块如瘤，遍身流走者，为疙瘩瘟。胸高胁起，呕汁如血者，为瓜瓤瘟。喉痛颈大，寒热便秘者，为虾蟆瘟
（一名捻颈瘟）。两腮肿胀，憎寒恶热者，为鸬 瘟。遍身紫块，发出霉疮者，为杨梅
瘟。小儿邪郁皮肤，结成大小青紫斑点者，为葡萄瘟，此皆瘟
疫之证，与温病因时之证之药，相去径庭，决不能温、瘟混同而论也。因忆又可着书，正崇祯离乱之凶年；
鞠通立论，际干嘉升平之盛世；一为瘟疫，一为温热，时不同而病亦异。由是观之，温病之书，不能治瘟疫；
瘟疫之书，不能治温病。故凡春温、风温、温病、暑温、湿温、冬温，字必从 。瘟疫、大头、疙瘩、瓜瓤、
虾蟆、鸬 、杨梅、葡萄等瘟，字又从 。温、瘟两字，判然不同，而况病乎！知我者，幸弗以丰言为河汉也。
温，指的是温热病；瘟，指的是瘟疫。虽然这两个字读音相同，但它们所指的疾病实际上完全不同。吴又可的《瘟疫论》中认为，后人将“疫”字省略加偏旁简化为“瘟”，所以瘟就是温。吴鞠通的《温病条辨》，则将风温、温热、温疫、温毒、冬温都归为一类讨论。这两家观点都将温病和瘟疫视为同一种病。殊不知，温热本是四季正常的时令之气，而瘟疫则是天地间暴戾的厉气，怎么可以相提并论呢！四季中有温热之病，但这不能与瘟疫相比。如春季的春温、风温，夏季的温病、热病，长夏的暑温，夏末秋初的湿温，冬季的冬温，以上这些温病，本书都已经详细论述过，这里就不再重复赘述了。而吴鞠通先生的书，实际上是专门用于治疗各种温病的。至于瘟疫这种病，从唐宋以来，都没有人进行详细的辨析论述。到了明末年间，正值饥荒交迫，到处流行瘟疫，惨状不堪言说，吴又可先生因此撰写了《瘟疫论》一书。书中说，邪气从口鼻侵入，那么它所停留的地方，内不在脏腑，外不在经络，而是潜伏在脊骨之内，距离体表不远，靠近胃部，这是表里之间的分界，称为半表半里，也就是《针经》所说的横连膜原。瘟疫初起时先怕冷然后发热，过了几天后只发热而不怕冷。刚得病二三天，脉象不浮不沉而数急，头痛身体疼痛，昼夜发热，傍晚时分加重，适宜用达原饮治疗。咸丰八年到同治年间，我们衢州地区在大兵之后，又继以凶年，家家户户、整个境域的人都患上了瘟疫。当时我和父亲行医开方，都遵循吴又可的方法。更有头面颈项、脸颊腮部一起肿胀的，称为大头瘟。身上长出像瘤子一样的肿块，全身游走不定的，称为疙瘩瘟。胸部高耸胁肋突起，呕吐出像血一样的汁液的，称为瓜瓤瘟。喉咙痛颈部肿大，寒热交替且便秘的，称为虾蟆瘟（又名捻颈瘟）。两腮肿胀，怕冷恶热的，称为鸬鹚瘟。全身出现紫色斑块，并发出类似霉疮症状的，称为杨梅瘟。小儿邪气郁结在皮肤，结成大小不一的青紫斑点，称为葡萄瘟。这些都是瘟疫的症状，与温病因季节不同而产生的证候和用药，相差甚远，绝对不能把温病和瘟疫混为一谈来讨论。回想吴又可著书，正值崇祯年间战乱离乱的凶年；吴鞠通立论，正值乾隆嘉庆时期升平繁荣的盛世；一个是针对瘟疫，一个是针对温热，时代不同，疾病也就各异。由此看来，治疗温病的书籍，不能用来治疗瘟疫；治疗瘟疫的书籍，也不能用来治疗温病。所以凡是春温、风温、温病、暑温、湿温、冬温，字形中必定带有草字头（注：原文此处可能有误或特指某种写法，通常温无草头，瘟有草头，结合上下文意指区分二字）；而瘟疫、大头瘟、疙瘩瘟、瓜瓤瘟、虾蟆瘟、鸬鹚瘟、杨梅瘟、葡萄瘟等，字形中又带有病字旁或特定部首（注：原文强调字形区别，实际中医术语中“瘟”字含“鬼”或特定结构，此处依原文逻辑翻译其区分意图）。温、瘟两个字，截然不同，更何况是疾病本身呢！了解我的人，希望不要把我的话当作胡说八道。
Wen (Warmth) refers to warm-heat diseases; Wen (Plague) refers to epidemic plague. Although their pronunciations are identical, the diseases they denote are fundamentally different. In Wu Keyang's *Treatise on Pestilence* (*Wenyi Lun*), it is stated that later generations abbreviated "Yi" (epidemic) and added a radical to form "Wen," implying that Wen is equivalent to Wen. Wu Jutong's *Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases* (*Wenbing Tiaobian*) categorizes Wind-Warmth, Warmth, Warm Epidemic, Warm Toxin, and Winter-Warmth into a single category. Both schools treat Warmth and Plague as the same disease. Little do they realize that Warm-Heat is the normal seasonal qi of the four seasons, whereas Plague is the malignant qi of heaven and earth. How can they be compared? The presence of warm-heat conditions in the four seasons cannot be equated with plague. For instance, Spring-Warmth and Wind-Warmth in spring; Warm Disease and Heat Disease in summer; Summer-Warmth in late summer; Damp-Warmth in late summer and early autumn; and Winter-Warmth in winter. All these warmth-related diseases have been comprehensively discussed in this book, so there is no need for redundant elaboration here. Mr. Wu Jutong’s work was actually designed for treating various warmth diseases. As for plague diseases, detailed discussions were lacking from the Tang and Song dynasties until the late Ming period. During the late Ming, amidst severe famine and distress, plagues broke out everywhere, resulting in unbearable misery. It was then that Mr. Wu Keyang wrote his *Treatise on Pestilence*. He stated that pathogenic factors enter through the mouth and nose, residing neither inside the Zang-Fu organs nor outside in the meridians, but lodging in the area behind the spine, close to the stomach, which constitutes the boundary between exterior and interior, known as the Half-Exterior Half-Interior stage. This corresponds to what the *Classic of Acupuncture* (*Zhenjing*) calls the "membrane source" (Moyuan). Initially, patients experience aversion to cold followed by fever; after a few days, only fever remains without aversion to cold. In the first two or three days of onset, the pulse is neither floating nor deep but rapid. Symptoms include headache, body ache, continuous fever day and night, worsening at dusk. In such cases, *Daren Yin* (Reach the Original Decoction) should be used. From the 8th year of Xianfeng to the beginning of the Tongzhi era, following military conflicts in our Quzhou region and subsequent years of famine, entire households and communities suffered from plague. At that time, my father and I practiced medicine using prescriptions based on Wu Keyang’s methods. Additionally, there were cases of Head-Giant Plague (*Datou Wen*), characterized by swelling of the head, face, neck, cheeks, and jaws; Lump Plague (*Geda Wen*), marked by tumor-like lumps moving throughout the body; Melon-Rind Plague (*Guanang Wen*), featuring high chest, distended flanks, and vomiting bloody fluid; Toad Plague (*Xiam Wen*, also called Neck-Twisting Plague), with sore throat, swollen neck, alternating chills and fever, and constipation; Cormorant Plague (*Lu E Wen*), presenting with swollen cheeks, aversion to cold, and fear of heat; Yangmei Plague (*Yangmei Wen*), showing purple patches all over the body resembling plum pox; and Grape Plague (*Putao Wen*), where children develop blue-purple spots of varying sizes due to pathogenic stagnation in the skin. These are all manifestations of plague, which differ vastly from the seasonal syndromes and treatments of warmth diseases. They absolutely cannot be conflated. Recalling that Wu Keyang wrote his book during the chaotic and disastrous reign of Chongzhen, while Wu Jutong formulated his theories during the prosperous reigns of Qianlong and Jiaqing—one addressing plague, the other warmth—the timing differed, and thus the diseases differed. Therefore, books on warmth diseases cannot treat plague, and books on plague cannot treat warmth. Hence, terms like Spring-Warmth, Wind-Warmth, Warm Disease, Summer-Warmth, Damp-Warmth, and Winter-Warmth are distinguished from Plague, Head-Giant Plague, Lump Plague, Melon-Rind Plague, Toad Plague, Cormorant Plague, Yangmei Plague, and Grape Plague. The characters "Wen" (Warmth) and "Wen" (Plague) are distinctly different, let alone the diseases themselves. Those who understand me, please do not dismiss my words as nonsense.