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【歌】婴儿气怯病伤寒，挟食挟惊分两般。要解六经传变候，参详仲景活人方。
【论】《活人书》云∶伤寒，大人、小儿治一般，但小小分剂，药性差凉耳。要之，其传变，其形证，与
大人不殊也。其所异治者，挟惊、挟食而已。钱仲阳云∶小儿正伤寒者，谓感冒寒邪，壮热头痛，鼻塞流涕，
畏寒拘急是也，须解表微汗。挟惊者，因惊而又感寒邪；或因伤寒热极生风，是热乘于心，心神易动，故发搐
也。当先发表，后利惊。挟食者，或先伤于风寒，后复停滞饮食；或先停滞饮食，而后伤于风寒。以致发热气
粗，嗳气，壮热头疼，腹胀作痛，大便酸臭，先用解散，次与消导，不解者，大柴胡汤下之。其六经传变证治，
当遵仲景法，自有专方，不复赘论，挟惊、挟食者，各从本证治之。
疏邪定惊汤
治挟惊伤寒，乃太阳经之药。
麻黄 羌活 白芷 防风 胆星 天麻 薄荷 黄芩 前胡 桔梗
冬月无汗去黄芩、薄荷，加生姜、葱白。三时去麻黄。阳明经目痛鼻干，不眠，脉洪而长，加葛根。少阳
经耳聋胁痛，脉弦数而呕，加柴胡、半夏、橘皮、生姜。少阳、阳明合病，加柴胡、葛根、芍药，去羌活、麻
黄，盖少阳有三禁，不可汗、下、利小便也。传入阳明为里，脉沉实，谵妄恶热，六、七日不大便，口燥咽干
而渴，用大柴胡汤。
解肌调中饮
治挟食伤寒，乃三阳经之药。
羌活 防风 柴胡 干葛 苏叶 黄芩 枳实 浓朴 神曲 山楂 陈皮 半夏
加砂仁五分，生姜三片，煎服。
如冬月去黄芩，加麻黄。夏月加石膏。渴加天花粉，去半夏。有汗去苏叶，加芍药。胸中满闷加枳壳、桔
梗。喘加杏仁。嗽加金沸草、前胡。表邪退而便秘者，去羌活、防风、苏叶、干葛，加大黄。
大柴胡汤
治内热，大便难，身热，不恶寒，反恶热。
柴胡 黄芩 芍药 半夏 枳实 大黄
上，姜、枣，煎服。
【歌诀】婴儿体质虚弱，易患伤寒病，需分为挟食和挟惊两种情况。要理解六经传变的证候，需参考张仲景《活人书》中的治疗方法。
【论述】《活人书》说：伤寒的治疗，成人和儿童基本相同，只是剂量稍小，药性偏凉罢了。总的来说，其传变过程和症状表现与成人没有太大区别。治疗上的不同之处，仅在于是否兼有惊风或食积。钱乙（钱仲阳）说：小儿真正的正伤寒，是指感受寒邪后出现高热、头痛、鼻塞流涕、怕冷且身体拘急的症状，需要用发汗法使微汗出以解表。所谓挟惊，是因为受惊吓后又感受了寒邪；或者因为伤寒热极生风，热邪侵犯心脏，心神不宁，从而引发抽搐。治疗时应先解表，后治惊。所谓挟食，可能是先受了风寒，之后饮食停滞；也可能是先有饮食停滞，之后又受了风寒。导致发热气粗、嗳气、高热头痛、腹胀疼痛、大便酸臭。治疗时先用解表散邪的方法，再用消食导滞的方法；如果无效，可用大柴胡汤攻下。至于六经传变的证治，应当遵循张仲景的法则，自有专用方剂，不再赘述。对于挟惊和挟食的情况，分别按照各自的本证进行治疗。
疏邪定惊汤
治疗挟惊型伤寒，属于太阳经用药。
麻黄、羌活、白芷、防风、胆南星、天麻、薄荷、黄芩、前胡、桔梗。
冬季无汗者，去掉黄芩、薄荷，加入生姜、葱白。春、夏、秋季去掉麻黄。若为阳明经证，出现目痛鼻干、失眠、脉象洪大而长，加入葛根。若为少阳经证，出现耳聋胁痛、脉弦数且呕吐，加入柴胡、半夏、橘皮、生姜。若为少阳与阳明合病，加入柴胡、葛根、芍药，去掉羌活、麻黄，因为少阳病有三禁，不可用发汗、攻下、利小便的方法。若邪气传入阳明成为里证，脉象沉实，出现谵语妄言、恶热，六七天不大便，口燥咽干而渴，使用大柴胡汤。
解肌调中饮
治疗挟食型伤寒，属于三阳经用药。
羌活、防风、柴胡、干葛（葛根）、苏叶（紫苏叶）、黄芩、枳实、浓朴（厚朴）、神曲、山楂、陈皮、半夏。
加入砂仁五分，生姜三片，煎服。
如果是冬季，去掉黄芩，加入麻黄。夏季加入石膏。口渴加天花粉，去掉半夏。有汗者去掉苏叶，加入芍药。胸中满闷加枳壳、桔梗。气喘加杏仁。咳嗽加金沸草、前胡。表邪退去但便秘者，去掉羌活、防风、苏叶、干葛，加入大黄。
[Song] Infants have weak constitution and are prone to Shanghan (Cold Damage disease); it must be differentiated into two categories: with food retention and with fright. To understand the patterns of transmission through the Six Channels, one should refer to the therapeutic methods in Zhang Zhongjing's *Qiren Shu* (Book for Saving People).
[Discussion] The *Qiren Shu* states that the treatment for Shanghan is generally the same for adults and children, except that the dosages are slightly smaller and the medicinal properties are cooler. In essence, the pattern of transmission and clinical manifestations are not significantly different from those in adults. The only difference in treatment lies in whether there is concomitant fright or food retention. Qian Yi (Zhenzhongyang) stated: True Zheng Shanghan (Regular Cold Damage) in children refers to contracting cold pathogenic factors, resulting in high fever, headache, nasal congestion with runny nose, aversion to cold, and physical stiffness. It requires a mild diaphoretic method to induce slight sweating and release the exterior. "With fright" means contracting cold pathogenic factors after being frightened; or wind generated by extreme heat due to Shanghan, where heat affects the Heart, causing the Heart Spirit to become unstable, thus leading to convulsions. Treatment should first release the exterior, then treat the fright. "With food retention" may result from contracting wind-cold first, followed by dietary stagnation; or dietary stagnation occurring first, followed by contracting wind-cold. This leads to fever, coarse breathing, belching, high fever, headache, abdominal distension and pain, and sour-smelling stools. Treatment should first use methods to resolve the exterior and disperse pathogens, followed by methods to promote digestion and guide out stagnation. If ineffective, Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) can be used to purge. Regarding the patterns and treatments of transmission through the Six Channels, one should follow the principles of Zhang Zhongjing, who has specific formulas for each; further discussion is unnecessary. For cases with fright or food retention, treat according to their respective primary patterns.
Shu Xie Ding Jing Tang (Dispel Pathogens and Calm Fright Decoction)
Treats Shanghan with fright; this formula acts on the Taiyang Channel.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Asteris Fructus cum Veneno (Danningxing), Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng).
In winter, if there is no sweat, remove Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe), add Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang) and Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Congbai). In spring, summer, and autumn, remove Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang). If Yangming Channel symptoms appear, such as eye pain, dry nose, insomnia, and a surging and long pulse, add Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen). If Shaoyang Channel symptoms appear, such as deafness, hypochondriac pain, wiry and rapid pulse, and vomiting, add Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Jupi), and Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang). If there is combined disease of Shaoyang and Yangming, add Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), remove Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) and Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), because Shaoyang disease has three prohibitions: sweating, purging, and promoting urination are forbidden. If the pathogen transmits to Yangming becoming an interior syndrome, with a deep and solid pulse, delirious speech, aversion to heat, no bowel movement for six or seven days, dry mouth and throat with thirst, use Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction).
Jie Ji Tiao Zhong Yin (Release Muscle and Regulate Middle Decoction)
Treats Shanghan with food retention; this formula acts on the Three Yang Channels.
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gange), Perillae Folium (Suye), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpuo), Moutan Fermentum (Shenqu), Crataegi Fructus (Shanzha), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia).
Add Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Sharen) 5 fen, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang) 3 slices, decoct and take orally.
In winter, remove Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and add Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang). In summer, add Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao). If thirsty, add Trichosanthis Radix (Tianhuafen) and remove Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia). If sweating, remove Perillae Folium (Suye) and add Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao). If chest fullness and oppression, add Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike) and Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng). If wheezing, add Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren). If coughing, add Boerhaviae Radix (Jinfecao) and Peucedani Radix (Qianhu). If exterior pathogens recede but constipation persists, remove Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Perillae Folium (Suye), and Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gange), and add Rheismi Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang).
Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction)
Treats internal heat, difficulty in defecation, body heat, aversion to cold absent, but aversion to heat present.
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Rheismi Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang).
Take the above ingredients with Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang) and Jujubae Fructus (Zao), decoct and take orally.