黄帝问邪气在经。其病如何。取之奈何。岐伯对曰。邪之在经。如水得风。波涌陇起。
其行
脉中。循循然其中手也。时大时小。动无常处。在阴与阳。不可为度。卒然逢之。早遏其路
吸则纳针。无令气忤。静以久留。无令邪布。吸则转针。以得气为候。故呼引针。呼尽乃
去。火气皆出。故命曰泻。帝又问曰。不足者补之奈何。对曰。先必扪而循之。切而散之。
推而按之。弹而怒之。抓而下之。通而取之。外引其门。以闭其神。呼尽纳针。静以久留。
以气至为故。如待所贵。不知日暮。其气以至。适而自护。候吸引针。气不得出。各在其处
惟阖其门。令神气存。大气留止。故命曰补。
端效方曰。古人云。灸熨 蒸。助阳退阴。方宜法异。自北南亨。穴真灸当。疾瘳蒸熨
阳
冲气壮。辛甘汤液。内外相应。卒暴阴寒。为病甚笃。先贤哲知。尚犹诫慎。消详上世。遗
风垂范。再思可矣。
外台秘要云。素问岐伯曰。夫邪之客于形。必先入于皮毛。留而不去。入于孙络。又留
而不
去。入于经脉。内连五脏。散于肠胃。阴阳俱感。五脏乃伤。此邪之从皮毛。而入于五脏之
决也。如此则疗其经。今邪客于皮毛。入于孙络。留而不去。闭塞不通。不得入于经。溢于
大络。而奇病生焉。夫五脏六腑向导之气。顺脉而出。附经而入。终而复始。如环无端。若
越其数者。则伤脉而损经。变为异病也。岐伯曰。凡欲疗风。则用火灸。风性浮轻。色或赤
或白。痒多者。风热也。寒性沉重。色或青或黑。痛多者寒也。湿性萎润。色黄鲜瘀痹多湿
也。此三种本同而末异也。风为百病之长。邪贼之根。一切众病。悉因风而起也。
欲灸风者。宜从少以至多也。灸寒者。宜从多以至少也。至多者从三壮、五壮、七壮
又
从
三十、五十、七十壮。名曰。从少至多也。灸寒湿者。宜从多以至少也。从
七十、五十、三十。又从七百、五百、三百。名曰从多以至少也。灸风者。不得一顿满一
百。若不灸者。亦可以蒸药熨之。灸寒湿者。不得一顿满千。若不灸。亦可以蒸药熏之。风
性浮。轻则易散。故从少而至多也。寒性沉。重则难消。故从多而至少也。
黄帝询问邪气在经脉中的情况。病症表现如何？应当如何取穴治疗？岐伯回答说：邪气停留在经脉中，就像水遇到风一样，波涛汹涌，高地隆起。它在脉管中运行，手感连绵不断，时而盛大时而微小，变动没有固定位置，既可在阴经也可在阳经，无法用固定的标准来衡量。如果突然遭遇邪气侵袭，应尽早阻断其路径。吸气时进针，不要使正气与邪气相抵触；安静地长时间留针，不要让邪气扩散。吸气时转动针具，以得气为征候。呼气时引导出针，呼尽时拔针，火气随之排出，所以称为泻法。
黄帝又问道：对于正气不足的情况，应当如何补益？岐伯回答说：首先必须用手抚摸并顺着经络推循，切按并分散郁结，推动并按压穴位，弹击穴位使血脉充盈，用手指掐按向下引导，疏通后取穴施治。向外牵引穴位门户，以封闭神气（防止正气外泄）。呼气尽时进针，安静地长时间留针，以气至为度。如同等待尊贵的客人到来，不知时间已晚。当气机到达时，适当保护正气，等待吸气时拔针，使气不致外泄，各守其位，闭合穴位门户，令神气留存，大气停留止息，所以称为补法。
端效方说：古人云：灸、熨、蒸，能助阳退阴。方法适宜，法则各异，自北向南通达。穴位真实，灸法得当，疾病痊愈，蒸熨助阳，冲气壮盛。辛甘汤液，内外相应。突发暴烈的阴寒之邪，致病深重，先贤哲人知晓，尚且告诫谨慎。考察上古流传下来的风尚，留下典范，再思考即可。
《外台秘要》记载：《素问》中岐伯说：邪气侵犯人体形体，必定先侵入皮毛，停留而不离去，进而进入孙络，又停留而不离去，进而进入经脉，内连五脏，散于肠胃，阴阳都受到感应，五脏于是受伤。这就是邪气从皮毛进入五脏的规律。像这样则治疗其经脉。如今邪气客居在皮毛，进入孙络，停留而不离去，闭塞不通，不能进入经脉，溢出到大络，从而产生奇病。五脏六腑向导之气，顺脉络而出，依附经脉而入，终而复始，如圆环没有端点。如果超越这个次序，就会损伤脉络而损害经脉，变为异病。岐伯说：凡是想要治疗风邪，就要用火灸。风性轻浮，颜色或红或白，瘙痒多的，是风热。寒性沉重，颜色或青或黑，疼痛多的，是寒邪。湿性萎软湿润，颜色黄鲜，瘀痹多的，是湿邪。这三种病因本源相同而末节不同。风是百病的先导，邪贼的根本，一切众病，都因风而起。
想要灸治风邪，应该从少壮数增加到多壮数。灸治寒邪，应该从多壮数减少到少壮数。所谓从少至多，是从三壮、五壮、七壮，再到三十、五十、七十壮。所谓从多以至少，是从七十、五十、三十，再到七百、五百、三百壮。灸治风邪，不得一次满一百壮。如果不进行艾灸，也可以用蒸药熨敷的方法。灸治寒湿，不得一次满千壮。如果不艾灸，也可以用蒸药熏疗的方法。风性轻浮，轻则容易消散，所以从少增至多。寒性沉滞，重则难以消除，所以从多减至少。
Huangdi asked about the condition of pathogenic factors in the meridians. What are the manifestations of the disease? How should acupuncture points be selected for treatment? Qibo replied: When pathogenic factors remain in the meridians, it is like water encountering wind, with waves surging and ridges rising. It moves within the vessels, feeling continuous to the touch, sometimes large and sometimes small, changing without a fixed location, existing in both Yin and Yang meridians, making it impossible to measure with fixed standards. If suddenly encountering an invasion of pathogenic factors, one should block its pathway early. Insert the needle during inhalation, ensuring that healthy Qi does not conflict with pathogenic factors; keep the needle retained quietly for a long time to prevent the spread of pathogenic factors. Rotate the needle during inhalation, using the arrival of Deqi (obtaining Qi) as the indicator. Guide the needle out during exhalation, withdrawing it completely when exhalation ends, allowing the fire Qi to exit; this is therefore called the reducing method (Xie).
Huangdi further asked: How should tonification be performed for conditions of deficiency? Qibo replied: First, one must stroke and follow the meridian with the hand, palpate and disperse stagnation, push and press the acupoint, flick the area to distend the vessels, pinch and guide downwards, unblock and then select the point for treatment. Draw outward from the gate of the acupoint to close and secure Shen (Spirit). Insert the needle at the end of exhalation, retain it quietly for a long time, taking the arrival of Qi as the goal. Wait as if expecting a distinguished guest, unaware that evening has fallen. When Qi arrives, protect the healthy Qi appropriately, wait for inhalation to withdraw the needle, preventing Qi from escaping, keeping each element in its place, closing the gate of the acupoint, allowing Shen Qi to remain and Grand Qi to stay and stop; this is therefore called the reinforcing method (Bu).
Duan Xiao Fang states: The ancients said: Moxibustion, hot compress, and steaming assist Yang and retreat Yin. Methods should be appropriate, principles vary, extending from North to South. Acupoints are accurate, moxibustion is proper, diseases are cured, steaming and compressions aid Yang, Chong Qi becomes strong. Pungent and sweet decoctions correspond internally and externally. Sudden and violent cold-Yin pathogens cause severe illness; ancient sages knew this and still cautioned against carelessness. Reflecting on the customs handed down from antiquity, leaving models for posterity, one may contemplate further.
The *Wai Tai Mi Yao* records: In the *Su Wen*, Qibo stated: When pathogenic factors invade the physical form, they must first enter the skin and hair (Mao Pi), remain there without departing, then enter the Sun Luo (branch collaterals), remain there without departing, then enter the main meridians, internally connecting to the Zang organs, and dispersing into the Fu organs. Both Yin and Yang are affected, and the Zang organs are thereby injured. This is the determination of how pathogenic factors enter the Zang organs from the skin and hair. In such cases, treat the meridians. Now, if pathogenic factors lodge in the skin and hair, enter the Sun Luo, remain without departing, causing blockage and obstruction, unable to enter the main meridians, but overflowing into the Da Luo (great collaterals), strange diseases arise. The guiding Qi of the Zang and Fu organs flows out along the channels and enters attached to the meridians, ending and beginning again, like a circle without end. If this sequence is violated, the vessels are damaged and meridians impaired, transforming into abnormal diseases. Qibo said: Whenever one wishes to treat Wind pathogens, one should use fire moxibustion. Wind nature is floating and light; color may be red or white; itching is predominant, indicating Wind-Heat. Cold nature is heavy and sinking; color may be green or black; pain is predominant, indicating Cold. Dampness nature is withered and moist; color is yellow and fresh; stasis and bi-syndrome are predominant, indicating Dampness. These three etiologies share the same origin but differ in manifestation. Wind is the leader of all diseases, the root of evil thieves; all common diseases arise due to Wind.
To moxa for Wind, one should proceed from fewer moxa cones to more. To moxa for Cold, one should proceed from more moxa cones to fewer. "From few to many" refers to starting with 3, 5, 7 cones, then progressing to 30, 50, 70 cones. "From many to few" refers to starting with 70, 50, 30 cones, then progressing to 700, 500, 300 cones. For moxa treating Wind, do not exceed 100 cones in one session. If moxibustion is not performed, herbal steaming and compresses may be used. For moxa treating Cold-Damp, do not exceed 1,000 cones in one session. If moxibustion is not performed, herbal steaming fumigation may be used. Wind nature is floating and light, thus easily dispersed; hence, increase from few to many. Cold nature is sinking and heavy, thus difficult to eliminate; hence, decrease from many to few.