（附论）
夫发脑者。六腑不和。经络痞涩。气血不行。壅结所成也。此皆脏腑蕴积热毒。或乳石
发动。毒瓦斯上攻于脑。发于皮肤。头如黍米。四畔 赤肿硬。遍于耳项。寒热疼痛。若不急
治。毒瓦斯伤于血肉。血肉腐坏化为脓水。从脑中出。血肉既竭。必致危殆。
李氏云。凡脑疽及项以上。有痈疽疖毒。断不可用大蒜钱子。就疽顶上灸之。灸之则引
其气一上。痰涎脓血。并起上攻。倾人性命。急于反掌。但当急灸足三里穴。并气海穴。乃
渐渐服凉胸膈化血之药。人可小安。此论载通神方论。足三里二穴。在膝下三寸是穴。可灸
五壮。气海一穴。在脐下一寸是穴。可灸二七壮。或三七壮。亦可以骑竹马穴法灸之。凡脑
疽咽喉生疽。古法皆不治之证。用此灸法。引毒瓦斯归下。其理颇长。得此疾者。岂可坐以受
毙。当信而用之。如五香连翘汤、漏芦汤、五香汤去大黄。加人参、黄 、犀角。国老膏万
金散。皆可选用。
方
沉香汤 治发脑。疮肿 赤。疼痛烦燥。
沉香（二分） 麦门冬（去心焙） 赤芍药 玄参 甘草（生锉） 枳实（熬炒） 升
麻前胡
（去芦头） 大黄（锉炒） 生干地黄（焙各一两） 犀角（镑三分） 麝香（研一分） 葳
蕤黄
（细锉各半两） 上除麝香外。粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一大盏。煎至七分。去滓。入麝香
少
许。温服不拘时。
黄 散 治发脑。肿痛烦热不可忍。
黄 （一两半锉） 赤茯苓 地骨皮 麦门冬（去心） 生干地黄 黄芩 川升麻 射
干
玄参 赤芍药 甘草（生锉各一两） 上为散。每服四钱。用水一中盏。煎至六分。去滓。
不
计时候温服。
葛根散 治发脑及痈肿。脏腑壅滞。心烦口干。脚冷寒噤。头痛呕哕。不能下食。
葛根（一两锉） 麦门冬（一两去心） 葳蕤（三分） 犀角屑（半两） 荠 （一两）
赤芍药
（三分） 石膏（二两） 甘草（三分生锉） 红雪（二两） 上为粗散。每服四钱。水一
中盏。
煎至六分。去滓。下竹沥半合。更煎一沸。不计时侯温服。一方有芦根。
犀角散 治发脑已穴。脓出后。痛闷转甚。热乱。脑中若车马走动。痛不可忍。
石膏（碎） 犀角（镑） 升麻 芍药（各一两） 甘草（炙一两） 黄 （细切二分）
木通
（锉一两半） 上粗捣筛。每服五钱。水二盏。煎至七分。下朴硝一钱匕。滤去滓。空心温
服。日晚再服。未愈更入玄参三分。去黄 。
发脑内消散 治发脑始结。疼痛妨闷。欲成痈疽。 之令内消。
硝石（研二两） 木通（锉） 紫檀香 甜葶苈（隔纸炒） 白蔹 莽草（各一两） 大
黄（三
两） 上为末。每用浆水旋调得所。涂于肿上。干即易。
大黄丸 治发脑及一切热毒瓦斯。结硬肿痛。通利脏腑壅滞。
大黄（三两锉醋浸一炊久慢火炒冷熟） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒一两） 牵牛子（二两半微炒
一半
生用一半） 木香（生锉） 青橘皮（汤浸去白焙各一两） 皂荚（五挺不蛀者捶碎酒一升
浸挪取
汁绵滤过用） 上为末。取皂荚汁于银锅内。慢火煎成膏。入药末和捣百余杵。丸如梧桐子
大。食前葱茶下三十丸。快利为度。一方有槟榔一两。甘草五钱。
羊桃根散 治痈发脑。拔去疮中毒。
羊桃根（锉） 硝石（研） 凝水石（碎各一两） 天灵盖（慢火烧烟绝） 木香 白
蔹（各半
两） 上为散。清水调如糊。摊于故帛上贴之。干即易。痒则瘥。
乳石散 治脑疽初生。如黄枳实。破后如盏底。深半寸许。
花乳石（研） 赤石脂（研） 滑石（研） 炉甘石（研） 密陀僧（研各半两） 乳
香（研一分）
上为细散。未破者醋调敷之。已破者即干贴。
黄连饼子 治发脑成痈。及热毒疮肿。
黄连 乳香 薰陆香（各一两） 雄雀粪（四十九粒尖细者是） 上为细散。用蔓荆根
二
两。洗净漉去水。细切捣如泥。若肿甚即更用蜀葵根三两。入前药四味合捣。调匀即取出。
于瓷器中贮之。可肿头捻作饼子。浓三分许贴之。干即易之。
止痛散 治发脑结肿。
木香（二两） 紫葛（一两半锉） 檀香（三分） 川朴硝（二两） 上为细散。以温
浆水调如
面糊。在绢上摊。贴于肿痛处。候干。即再贴。以瘥为度。
朱砂膏 治发脑及乳痈。初结疼痛。
朱砂一两 乳香（半两） 上同研为末。以葱白四两。细切。合研成膏。每用生绢上涂
贴。
候干再上。以瘥为度。
治脑痈
用盐西瓜皮晒干。烧灰存性为末。香油调敷。
治发脑发背方
取鼠剥取热皮。中心开一孔子。用贴疮上。数数易之。无头者盒饭作头。脓出即愈。
治脑疽
用松节细研。用 猪胆汁和合麻油敷疮。亲见效。
（附论）
所谓发脑，是由于六腑功能失调，经络阻滞不畅，气血运行受阻，从而壅结而成的。这通常是因为脏腑中蕴积了热毒，或者是服用石药后引发的毒气上攻于脑部，发作于皮肤表面。患处起初像黍米大小，四周红肿坚硬，并蔓延至耳部和颈部，伴有寒战、发热和疼痛。如果不及时救治，毒气会损伤血肉，导致血肉腐烂化为脓水，从脑中流出。一旦血肉枯竭，必然会导致生命危险。
李氏说：凡是脑疽以及项部以上的痈疽疖毒，绝对不可使用切成薄片的大蒜贴在疮顶上进行艾灸。因为艾灸会引动气机上逆，导致痰涎、脓血一并向上攻冲，迅速危及生命。应当紧急灸足三里穴和气海穴，然后逐渐服用能清凉胸膈、化解瘀血的药物，患者才能稍得安宁。这一观点记载在《通神方论》中。足三里有两个穴位，位于膝盖下方三寸处，可灸五壮；气海有一个穴位，位于肚脐下一寸处，可灸十四壮或二十一壮。也可以用“骑竹马”的取穴法进行艾灸。凡是脑疽或咽喉生疽，古法都认为是无法治愈的病症。采用这种灸法，可以将毒气引导向下，其原理非常深远。得了这种病的人，怎么能坐着等死呢？应当相信并使用这种方法。如五香连翘汤、漏芦汤、五香汤（去掉大黄，加入人参、黄芪、犀角）、国老膏、万金散等方剂，都可以酌情选用。
方剂
沉香汤：治疗发脑。症见疮肿色红赤，疼痛烦躁。
处方组成：沉香（二分），麦门冬（去心焙干），赤芍药，玄参，甘草（生锉碎），枳实（熬炒），升麻，前胡（去芦头），大黄（锉碎炒制），生干地黄（焙干，各一两），犀角（镑成薄片三分），麝香（研细一分），葳蕤黄（细锉碎，半两）。
用法：除麝香外，将其他药材粗捣筛过。每次服用四钱，加水一大盏，煎煮至七分，滤去药渣，加入少许麝香，不拘时候温服。
黄芪散：治疗发脑。症见肿痛烦躁发热难以忍受。
处方组成：黄芪（一两半锉碎），赤茯苓，地骨皮，麦门冬（去心），生干地黄，黄芩，川升麻，射干，玄参，赤芍药，甘草（生锉碎，各一两）。
用法：将上述药材研为散剂。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，煎煮至六分，滤去药渣，不计时候温服。
葛根散：治疗发脑及痈肿。症见脏腑壅滞，心烦口干，脚冷寒战，头痛呕吐呃逆，不能进食。
处方组成：葛根（一两锉碎），麦门冬（一两去心），葳蕤（三分），犀角屑（半两），荠苨（一两），赤芍药（三分），石膏（二两），甘草（三分生锉碎），红雪（二两）。
用法：将上述药材制成粗散。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，煎煮至六分，滤去药渣，加入竹沥半合，再煮沸一次，不计时候温服。另一版本方中有芦根。
犀角散：治疗发脑已成溃疡，脓液排出后，疼痛闷胀反而加重，热邪扰乱心神，感觉脑中如有车马走动，疼痛难以忍受。
处方组成：石膏（捣碎），犀角（镑片），升麻，芍药（各一两），甘草（炙制一两），黄芪（细切二分），木通（锉碎一两半）。
用法：将上述药材粗捣筛过。每次服用五钱，加水二盏，煎煮至七分，加入朴硝一钱匕，滤去药渣，空腹温服。傍晚再服一次。若未痊愈，再加入玄参三分，去掉黄芪。
发脑内消散：治疗发脑初起结聚，疼痛妨碍胸闷，欲形成痈疽时，使其在体内消散。
处方组成：硝石（研细二两），木通（锉碎），紫檀香，甜葶苈（隔纸炒），白蔹，莽草（各一两），大黄（三两）。
用法：将上述药材研为末。每次用浆水调和适量，涂抹于肿胀处，干了就更换。
大黄丸：治疗发脑及一切热毒之气，结硬肿痛，通利脏腑壅滞。
处方组成：大黄（三两锉碎，醋浸一顿饭之久，慢火炒熟放凉），枳壳（去瓤麸炒一两），牵牛子（二两半微炒，一半生用一半炒用），木香（生锉碎），青橘皮（汤浸去白焙干，各一两），皂荚（五挺不蛀者，捶碎后用一升酒浸泡揉搓取汁，绵布过滤使用）。
用法：将上述药材研为末。取皂荚汁放入银锅中，慢火煎成膏状，加入药末混合捣击百余下，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。饭前用葱茶送服三十丸，以大便通畅为度。另一版本方中有槟榔一两，甘草五钱。
羊桃根散：治疗痈发于脑，拔除疮中毒气。
处方组成：羊桃根（锉碎），硝石（研细），凝水石（捣碎，各一两），天灵盖（慢火烧至烟尽），木香，白蔹（各半两）。
用法：将上述药材研为散剂。用清水调成糊状，摊在旧布上贴敷。干了就更换，痒了就说明快好了。
乳石散：治疗脑疽初生，形状像黄色的枳实，破溃后像杯底，深约半寸。
处方组成：花乳石（研细），赤石脂（研细），滑石（研细），炉甘石（研细），密陀僧（研细，各半两），乳香（研细一分）。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。未破溃的用醋调敷，已破溃的直接干贴。
黄连饼子：治疗发脑成痈，及热毒疮肿。
处方组成：黄连，乳香，薰陆香（各一两），雄雀粪（四十九粒，尖细者为佳）。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。用蔓荆根二两，洗净沥干水分，细切捣如泥状。如果肿胀严重，再加蜀葵根三两，与前四味药一起捣匀，取出储存在瓷器中。可将肿头捏成饼子，厚约三分贴敷。干了就更换。
止痛散：治疗发脑结肿。
处方组成：木香（二两），紫葛（一两半锉碎），檀香（三分），川朴硝（二两）。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。用温浆水调成面糊状，摊在绢上，贴于肿痛处。候干后再贴，直到痊愈为止。
朱砂膏：治疗发脑及乳痈。初起结聚疼痛。
处方组成：朱砂一两，乳香（半两）。
用法：共同研为末。用葱白四两，细切，与药末一起研成膏。每次涂在生绢上贴敷，干了再换，直到痊愈为止。
治发脑发背方
取老鼠剥下的热皮，中心开一个孔，贴在疮上。频繁更换。如果没有脓头，就用盒子饭做成头状（注：此处原文可能有误或指代特定辅料，按字面意译），脓出即愈。
(Attached Discussion)
The condition known as "Fa Nao" (Brain Abscess/Carbuncle) arises from the disharmony of the six fu organs, obstruction and stagnation in the meridians, and the failure of qi and blood to circulate, resulting in accumulation and knotting. This is generally caused by the accumulation of heat-toxin within the zang-fu organs, or by the activation of mineral drugs (shi yao), where toxic vapors attack upward to the brain and manifest on the skin. The lesion initially resembles a millet grain, with surrounding redness, swelling, hardness, spreading to the ears and neck, accompanied by chills, fever, and pain. If not treated urgently, the toxin will damage the flesh and blood, causing them to rot and turn into pus and water, which drains from the brain area. Once the flesh and blood are exhausted, it inevitably leads to a critical and dangerous state.
Mr. Li stated: For any carbuncle or abscess above the nape, including brain carbuncles (nao ju) and boils, one must absolutely avoid placing slices of garlic on the top of the lesion and applying moxibustion. Moxibustion here would draw the qi upward, causing phlegm, saliva, pus, and blood to surge upward simultaneously, rapidly endangering life. Instead, one should urgently apply moxibustion to the Zusanli (ST36) acupoints and the Qihai (CV6) acupoint, and then gradually administer medications that cool the chest and diaphragm and resolve blood stasis, allowing the patient to find slight relief. This discussion is recorded in *Tong Shen Fang Lun*. The Zusanli points are located three cun below the knee; five moxa cones may be applied. The Qihai point is located one cun below the umbilicus; fourteen or twenty-one moxa cones may be applied. Alternatively, the "Riding a Bamboo Horse" method for locating acupoints can be used for moxibustion. Brain carbuncles and throat carbuncles were traditionally considered incurable. However, using this moxibustion method guides the toxic vapors downward, a principle that is quite profound. Those suffering from this disease should not sit idle and wait for death; they should believe in and use this method. Formulas such as Wuxiang Liaoqiao Tang (Five-Aromatic Forsythia Decoction), Loulu Tang (Rhapontic Rhizome Decoction), Wuxiang Tang (Five-Aromatic Decoction - remove Dahuang, add Renshen, Huangqi, Xijiao), Guolao Gao, and Wanjin San are all selectable options.
Formulas
Chenxiang Tang (Agarwood Decoction): Treats Fa Nao. Symptoms include red and swollen sores, pain, irritability, and restlessness.
Ingredients: Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, 2 fen), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, dehearted and roasted), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, raw and crushed), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, stir-fried), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, de-rhizome-head), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, crushed and stir-fried), Sheng Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, roasted, each 1 liang), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu), Shexiang (Moschus, ground, 1 fen), Weirui (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), finely crushed (0.5 liang).
Usage: Except for Shexiang, coarsely crush and sieve the remaining herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 large cup of water, decoct until 0.7 cup remains, strain, add a small amount of Shexiang, and take warm at any time.
Huangqi San (Astragalus Powder): Treats Fa Nao. Symptoms include unbearable swelling, pain, irritability, and fever.
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 1.5 liang crushed), Chifuling (Poria cum Mycelium), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, dehearted), Sheng Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Chuan Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, raw and crushed, each 1 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 medium cup of water, decoct until 0.6 cup remains, strain, and take warm at any time.
Gegen San (Kudzu Root Powder): Treats Fa Nao and carbuncles. Symptoms include organ stagnation, vexation, dry mouth, cold feet with shivering, headache, vomiting, inability to eat.
Ingredients: Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 1 liang crushed), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 1 liang dehearted), Weirui (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, 3 fen), Xijiao Xie (Rhinocerotis Cornu cut into flakes, 0.5 liang), Qini (Adenophorae Radix, 1 liang), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 3 fen), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, raw and crushed, 3 fen), Hongxue (Red Snow/Snow Sugar, 2 liang).
Usage: Make into a coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 medium cup of water, decoct until 0.6 cup remains, strain, add 0.5 he of Zhuli (Bamboo Sap), boil once more, and take warm at any time. Another version includes Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma).
Xijiao San (Rhinoceros Horn Powder): Treats Fa Nao after ulceration, when pus has drained but pain and oppression worsen, heat disturbs the mind, feeling as if chariots and horses are moving in the brain, with unbearable pain.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu, sliced), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, each 1 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 1 liang), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, finely cut, 2 fen), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed, 1.5 liang).
Usage: Coarsely crush and sieve. Take 5 qian per dose, add 2 cups of water, decoct until 0.7 cup remains, add 1 qian bi of Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas), filter, and take warm on an empty stomach. Take again in the evening. If not cured, add Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, 3 fen) and remove Huangqi.
Fanao Neixiaosan (Internal Dissipation Powder for Brain Carbuncle): Treats early-stage Fa Nao nodules, pain and oppression, preventing progression to carbuncle, promoting internal resolution.
Ingredients: Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras, ground, 2 liang), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed), Zitannan (Santalum Album Lignum), Tiantili (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae, stir-fried between papers), Bailian (Trollii Radix), Mangcao (Maesae Radix, each 1 liang), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Mix with Jiangshui (fermented rice water) to appropriate consistency, apply to the swelling, change when dry.
Dahuang Wan (Rhubarb Pill): Treats Fa Nao and all heat-toxin accumulations, hard swelling and pain, unblocking organ stagnation.
Ingredients: Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang crushed, soaked in vinegar for the duration of a meal, slow-fire roasted, cooled), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, de-seeded, bran-roasted, 1 liang), Qianniuzi (Pharbitidis Semen, lightly roasted, half raw/half roasted, 2.5 liang), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, raw crushed), Qingjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in water, de-white, roasted, each 1 liang), Zaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus, 5 pods non-borer, crushed, soaked in 1 sheng wine, squeezed for juice, filtered through silk).
Usage: Grind herbs into powder. Take Zaojiao juice in a silver pot, slow-fire reduce to paste, mix with herb powder, pound over 100 times, form pills like wutong seeds. Take 30 pills before meals with scallion tea, stopping when bowels move freely. Another version includes Binglang (Arecae Semen, 1 liang) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 5 qian).
Yangtaogen San (Shepherd's Purse Root Powder): Treats carbuncle arising in the brain, extracting poison from the sore.
Ingredients: Yangtaogen (Arctii Radix? Note: Text says Yang Tao Gen, likely Arctium or similar root, crushed), Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras, ground), Ningshuishi (Stibnite/Gypsum variant?, crushed, each 1 liang), Tianlinggai (Human Cranium, slow-fire burned until smoke ceases), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Bailian (Trollii Radix, each 0.5 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Mix with clear water to paste consistency, spread on old cloth, apply. Change when dry; itching indicates healing.
Rushi San (Mineral Stone Powder): Treats early-stage Nao Ju (Brain Carbuncle), resembling yellow zhishi, post-rupture resembling a cup base, depth approx. 0.5 cun.
Ingredients: Huashishi (Flower Mineral Stone, ground), Chishizhi (Halloysitum Rubrum, ground), Huashi (Talcum, ground), Luganshi (Calaminite, ground), Mituoseng (Lithargyrum, ground, each 0.5 liang), Ruxiang (Olibanum, ground, 1 fen).
Usage: Grind into fine powder. For unruptured lesions, mix with vinegar and apply; for ruptured lesions, apply dry.
Huanglian Bingzi (Coptis Cake): Treats Fa Nao progressing to carbuncle, and heat-toxin sores/swelling.
Ingredients: Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Ruxiang (Olibanum), Xunluxiang (Frankincense/Olibanum, each 1 liang), Xiongquefen (Male Sparrow Droppings, 49 grains, sharp and fine ones preferred).
Usage: Grind into fine powder. Use Manjinggen (Viticis Trifoliate Radix, 2 liang), wash, drain, finely chop, and pound into mud. If swelling is severe, add Shuhuirgen (Malvae Radix, 3 liang). Mix with the four herbs, blend well, store in porcelain. Shape the head of the swelling into a cake, approx. 0.3 cun thick, apply. Change when dry.
Zhitong San (Pain-Relieving Powder): Treats Fa Nao nodular swelling.
Ingredients: Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 2 liang), Zige (Vitis Vineflower? Text: Zi Ge, likely Vitis or similar, crushed, 1.5 liang), Tanxiang (Santalum Album Lignum, 3 fen), Chuan Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 2 liang).
Usage: Grind into fine powder. Mix with warm Jiangshui (fermented rice water) to flour-paste consistency, spread on silk, apply to painful/swollen area. Reapply when dry until healed.
Zhusha Gao (Cinnabar Ointment): Treats Fa Nao and Ru Yong (Breast Carbuncle). Early stage pain and nodulation.
Ingredients: Zhusha (Cinnabar, 1 liang), Ruxiang (Olibanum, 0.5 liang).
Usage: Grind together into powder. Use 4 liang of Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus), finely chopped, grind into ointment. Apply on raw silk, reapply when dry until healed.
Treatment for Brain Carbuncle
Dry salted watermelon rind, burn to ash retaining properties, grind to powder, mix with sesame oil and apply.
Formula for Fa Nao and Fa Bei (Back Carbuncle)
Take fresh skin from a skinned rat, make a hole in the center, apply to the sore. Change frequently. If no head, create a head shape (using box rice? text ambiguous), heals when pus drains.
Treatment for Nao Ju
Finely grind Songjie (Pinus Massoniana Node), mix with Zhu Danzhi (Porci Bile) and Mazhongyou (Sesame Oil), apply to sore. Personally verified effective.