（附论）
夫时气病。四日太阴受病。太阴为三阴之首。三日以后。诸阳受病讫。即传之于阴。太
阴之脉主于咽喉。故得病四日。腹满咽干。其病在胸膈。故可吐而愈也。
方
苦参汤（出圣惠方）治时气四日。身体壮热。四肢疼痛。胸膈满。心烦。
苦参（一两锉） 乌梅（七枚捶碎） 鸡子（一枚取清） 上二味。先以酽醋一大盏。
煮至五
分。去滓。下鸡子清。搅令匀。不计时候。温温去沫服之。当吐出热气即愈。
桃柳心汤（出圣惠方）治时气四日。胸中痰壅。憎寒壮热头痛。
桃心（一握） 柳心（一握） 甘草（三分生用锉） 乌梅（五颗捶碎） 栀子仁（三
分） 上以
淡酱水一大盏。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。良久当吐。未吐再服。
治时气四日。胸膈烦满。壮热。身体热。宜吐之。亦治天行病四五日者。（出圣
惠
方）
用苦参一两锉。以醋二大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。良久当吐即愈。天行
毒病。非苦参醋药不解。及温覆取汗愈。
葛根散（出圣惠方）治时气四日。胸膈满闷。或时吐逆。
葛根（一两锉） 甘草（一分炙微赤锉） 川大黄（五钱碎锉微炒） 麦门冬（一两去
心） 人
参（一两去芦头） 上为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
犀角散（出圣惠方）治时气四日。曾经发汗不解。寒热无恒。心中燥闷。
犀角屑（一两） 柴胡（一两去苗） 麻黄（五钱去根节） 木通（五钱锉） 桂心（五
钱） 川
升麻（五钱） 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤五钱） 葛根（五钱锉） 黄芩（五钱） 桃仁（汤浸
去皮尖双
仁麸炒微黄五钱） 甘草（炙微赤锉五钱） 上为散。每服五钱。用水一盏。煎至五分。去
滓。
不计时候。温服。
知母散（出圣惠方）治时气四日。热渴不已。往来寒热。不能饮食。
知母（一两） 枳实（一两麸炒微黄） 柴胡（一两去苗） 栀子仁（一两） 麦门冬
（一两去
心） 地骨皮（一两） 甘草（钱炙微赤锉） 上为散。每服五钱。以水一大盏。煎至五分。
去
滓。不计时候。温服。
八毒大黄丸 治天行病。三四日。身热目赤。四肢不举。产后伤寒。舌黄白。狂
言妄语。亦疗温病以后。飞尸遁尸。腹痛。膈上下不通。癖饮积聚。壅肿苦痛。腹中
摩痛。上诸毒病。
藜芦（二分炙） 大黄（三分） 朱砂（五分） 蜀椒（四分） 雄黄（四分研） 巴
豆（去皮熬
四分） 桂心（四分） 上捣筛。蜜和为丸如麻子大。每服三丸。当下。不瘥更服。合时勿
令
妇人、鸡、犬见之。忌生葱、野猪肉、芦笋、狸肉、生血物。
黄连龙骨汤 治时行病。数四日而大下热痢。时作白通诸药多不得止。吾思旧方
多疗伤寒后下痢耳。未有尚在数日便兼除热止下者也。四顺汤热。白通苦温。故吾思
作此汤以救数十人。兼主伤寒。
黄连（止痢除热） 黄柏（止痢除热各三两） 熟艾（如鸡子一枚除热毒止痢） 龙骨
（二两
止痢除热） 上切。以水六升。煮取二升半。分三服。无不断者。忌猪肉、冷水。
解肌升麻汤（出千金方）治时气三四日不解。
芍药（一升） 升麻（一两） 石膏（一两） 麻黄（一两） 甘草（一两） 杏仁（三
十枚） 贝
齿（三枚一作贝母十八铢） 上 咀。以水三升。煮取一升。尽服。温覆发汗便愈。
【附论】
所谓时气病，到了第四天，太阴经受邪。太阴是三阴经之首。经过三天后，诸阳经受邪完毕，病邪随即传入阴经。太阴经脉主管咽喉部位，所以患病第四天会出现腹部胀满、咽喉干燥的症状。病位主要在胸膈，因此可以通过催吐的方法使病情痊愈。
方剂
苦参汤（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗时气病第四天，身体高热，四肢疼痛，胸膈部胀满，心烦意乱。
药材：苦参（一两，切碎）、乌梅（七枚，捶碎）、鸡蛋（一枚，取蛋清）。
用法：以上三味药（注：原文此处“上二味”疑为笔误，实指前两种主药与醋配合，或包含蛋清），先用一大盏浓醋，煮至剩余五分之一量，滤去药渣，加入鸡蛋清，搅拌均匀。不限时间，温服并撇去浮沫。服药后若能吐出热气，即可痊愈。
桃柳心汤（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗时气病第四天，胸中痰湿壅盛，怕冷且高热，头痛。
药材：桃心（一握）、柳心（一握）、甘草（三分，生用，切碎）、乌梅（五颗，捶碎）、栀子仁（三分）。
用法：用一大盏淡豆豉汁水，煎煮至剩余十分之六量，滤去药渣，不限时间，温服。过一段时间后应当呕吐，若未吐可再次服用。
此方也用于治疗时气病第四天，胸膈烦闷胀满，高热，身体发热，适宜采用催吐法。同样适用于天行病（流行性传染病）第四五天。（出自《圣惠方》）
用法：用苦参一两切碎，以两大盏醋，煎煮至剩余五分之一量，滤去药渣，不限时间，温服。过一段时间后应当呕吐，吐后即愈。天行毒病，非苦参醋药不能解除，以及通过温覆取汗也能痊愈。
葛根散（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗时气病第四天，胸膈部胀闷，有时出现呕吐逆气。
药材：葛根（一两，切碎）、甘草（一分，炙至微红后切碎）、川大黄（五钱，捣碎锉细后微炒）、麦门冬（一两，去心）、人参（一两，去芦头）。
用法：以上药物研为散剂。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，煎煮至剩余十分之六量，滤去药渣，不限时间，温服。
犀角散（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗时气病第四天，曾经发汗但病未解，寒热往来无常，心中燥热烦闷。
药材：犀角屑（一两）、柴胡（一两，去苗）、麻黄（五钱，去根节）、木通（五钱，切碎）、桂心（五钱）、川升麻（五钱）、枳壳（麸炒至微黄，去瓤，五钱）、葛根（五钱，切碎）、黄芩（五钱）、桃仁（汤浸去皮尖及双仁，麸炒至微黄，五钱）、甘草（炙至微红切碎，五钱）。
用法：以上药物研为散剂。每次服用五钱，用水一盏，煎煮至剩余五分之一量，滤去药渣，不限时间，温服。
知母散（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗时气病第四天，热渴不止，寒热往来，无法进食。
药材：知母（一两）、枳实（一两，麸炒至微黄）、柴胡（一两，去苗）、栀子仁（一两）、麦门冬（一两，去心）、地骨皮（一两）、甘草（一钱，炙至微红切碎）。
用法：以上药物研为散剂。每次服用五钱，用水一大盏，煎煮至剩余五分之一量，滤去药渣，不限时间，温服。
八毒大黄丸：治疗天行病，第三四天，身体发热，眼睛发红，四肢不能举动；产后伤寒，舌苔黄白，胡言乱语，神志狂乱。也治疗温病之后，飞尸遁尸（古代认为的致病鬼邪），腹痛，膈上下气机不通，癖饮积聚，壅肿剧痛，腹中按揉疼痛，以及上述各种毒病。
药材：藜芦（二分，炙）、大黄（三分）、朱砂（五分）、蜀椒（四分）、雄黄（四分，研细）、巴豆（去皮熬制，四分）、桂心（四分）。
用法：捣碎筛粉，用蜂蜜调和制成如麻子大小的丸剂。每次服用三丸，应当腹泻排出病邪，若未痊愈可再服。制作时不要让妇女、鸡、狗看见。忌食生葱、野猪肉、芦笋、狸肉、生血类食物。
黄连龙骨汤：治疗时行病，三四天后出现严重的热痢疾，时常发作，使用白通汤等药物大多无法止住。我思考旧方多用于治疗伤寒后的下痢，没有尚在发病数日就能兼除热毒并止泻的方子。四顺汤性热，白通汤性苦温，所以我构思制作此汤来救治数十人，同时也主治伤寒。
药材：黄连（止痢除热）、黄柏（止痢除热，各三两）、熟艾（如鸡蛋一枚大小，除热毒止痢）、龙骨（二两，止痢除热）。
用法：切碎，用水六升，煮取二升半，分三次服用，无不奏效者。忌食猪肉、冷水。
解肌升麻汤（出自《千金方》）：治疗时气病三四天病邪未解。
药材：芍药（一升）、升麻（一两）、石膏（一两）、麻黄（一两）、甘草（一两）、杏仁（三十枚）、贝齿（三枚，一作贝母十八铢）。
用法：切碎，用水三升，煮取一升，全部服下。温覆取汗，汗出即愈。
[Attached Discussion]
Regarding the "Shi Qi" disease (Seasonal Epidemic Disease), on the fourth day, the Taiyin meridian is affected. Taiyin is the head of the three Yin meridians. After three days, once the pathogenic factors have affected all Yang meridians, they subsequently transmit to the Yin meridians. The Taiyin meridian governs the throat region; therefore, on the fourth day of illness, symptoms such as abdominal fullness and dry throat appear. Since the pathology is located in the chest and diaphragm, recovery can be achieved through emesis (inducing vomiting).
Formulas
Kushen Tang (Bitterroot Decoction) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats "Shi Qi" disease on the fourth day, characterized by high fever, pain in the four limbs, fullness in the chest and diaphragm, and mental restlessness.
Ingredients: Kushen Radix (Coptidis Rhizoma? Note: Text says Kushen, likely Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, 1 liang, cut into pieces); Wumei Fructus (Mume Fruit, 7 pieces, crushed); Ji Zi Egg White (Egg Albumen, from 1 egg).
Preparation and Administration: Take a large cup of strong vinegar, boil the first two ingredients until reduced to one-fifth volume, strain out the dregs, add the egg white, and stir well. Administer warm at any time, removing foam. If hot qi is vomited out, the patient will recover.
Taoliu Xin Tang (Peach and Willow Heart Decoction) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats "Shi Qi" disease on the fourth day, characterized by phlegm obstruction in the chest, aversion to cold with high fever, and headache.
Ingredients: Tao Xin Peach Heart (1 handful); Liu Xin Willow Heart (1 handful); Gancao Radix et Rhizoma Preparatum (Licorice Root, 3 qian, raw, cut); Wumei Fructus (Mume Fruit, 5 pieces, crushed); Zhizi Semen (Gardeniae Semen, 3 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Boil in a large cup of light soy sauce water until reduced to six-tenths volume, strain, and take warm at any time. Vomiting should occur after some time; if not, administer again.
This formula is also indicated for "Shi Qi" disease on the fourth day with chest/diaphragm irritability and fullness, high fever, and body heat, where emesis is appropriate. It is also suitable for Tian Xing Bing (Pandemic Disease) on the fourth or fifth day. (From *Shenghui Fang*)
Alternative preparation using Kushen: Use 1 liang of Kushen Radix, cut into pieces, boiled in two large cups of vinegar until reduced to one-fifth volume, strained, and taken warm. Vomiting should occur after some time, leading to recovery. Tian Xing Du Bing (Pandemic Toxic Disease) cannot be resolved without this Kushen vinegar medicine; sweating via warm covering also leads to recovery.
Gegen San (Kudzu Powder) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats "Shi Qi" disease on the fourth day, characterized by chest/diaphragm oppression and occasional retching/vomiting.
Ingredients: Gegen Radix (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 1 liang, cut); Gancao Radix et Rhizoma Preparatum (Licorice Root, 1 fen, roasted until slightly red, cut); Chuan Dahuang Radix et Rhizoma (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 5 qian, crushed, lightly fried); Maimendong Radix (Ophiopogonis Radix, 1 liang, heart removed); Renshen Radix Ginseng (Ginseng Radix, 1 liang, radix tip removed).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, boil in one medium cup of water until reduced to six-tenths volume, strain, and take warm at any time.
Xijiao San (Rhino Horn Powder) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats "Shi Qi" disease on the fourth day, where previous sweating failed to resolve the condition, presenting with alternating chills and fever, and internal dryness/irritability.
Ingredients: Xijiao Cornu Rhinocerotis (Horn of Rhino, 1 liang, shaved); Chaihu Radix Bupleuri (Bupleuri Radix, 1 liang, buds removed); Mahuang Herba Ephedrae (Ephedra Herb, 5 qian, roots and joints removed); Mutong Caulis Akebiae (Akebiae Caulis, 5 qian, cut); Guixin Cortex Cinnamomi (Cinnamon Bark, 5 qian); Chuan Shengma Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 5 qian); Zhiqiao Pericarpium Aurantii Immaturum (Immature Bitter Orange Peel, bran-roasted until slightly yellow, pith removed, 5 qian); Gegen Radix (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 5 qian, cut); Huangqin Radix Scutellariae (Scutellariae Radix, 5 qian); Taoren Semen Persicae (Peach Seed, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel bran-roasted until slightly yellow, 5 qian); Gancao Radix et Rhizoma Preparatum (Licorice Root, roasted until slightly red, cut, 5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, boil in one cup of water until reduced to one-fifth volume, strain, and take warm at any time.
Zhimu San (Anemarrhenae Powder) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats "Shi Qi" disease on the fourth day, characterized by unceasing heat and thirst, alternating chills and fever, and inability to eat.
Ingredients: Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Anemarrhenae Rhizome, 1 liang); Zhishi Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Immature Bitter Orange Fruit, 1 liang, bran-roasted until slightly yellow); Chaihu Radix Bupleuri (Bupleuri Radix, 1 liang, buds removed); Zhizi Semen (Gardeniae Semen, 1 liang); Maimendong Radix (Ophiopogonis Radix, 1 liang, heart removed); Digupi Cortex Lycii (Lycii Cortex, 1 liang); Gancao Radix et Rhizoma Preparatum (Licorice Root, 1 qian, roasted until slightly red, cut).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, boil in one large cup of water until reduced to one-fifth volume, strain, and take warm at any time.
Badu Dahuang Wan (Eight-Toxic Dahuang Pill): Treats Tian Xing Bing (Pandemic Disease) on the third or fourth day, presenting with body heat, red eyes, and immobility of the four limbs; postpartum Shang Han (Cold Damage) with yellow-white tongue coating, delirious speech, and madness. Also treats Fei Shi Dun Shi (Flying Corpse/Hidden Corpse pathogens following Warm Disease), abdominal pain, obstruction of Qi above and below the diaphragm, Pi Yin accumulation (masses/fluid retention), swelling and severe pain, abdominal mass tenderness, and various other toxic conditions.
Ingredients: Liliu Radix Veratri (Veratrum Radix, 2 fen, roasted); Dahuang Radix et Rhizoma (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen); Zhusha Cinnabaris (Cinnabar, 5 fen); Shujiao Fructus Zanthoxyli (Zanthoxyli Fructus, 4 fen); Xionghuang Realgar (Realgar, 4 fen, ground); Badou Semen Crotonis (Croton Seed, peeled and roasted, 4 fen); Guixin Cortex Cinnamomi (Cinnamon Bark, 4 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Pound and sieve into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of hemp seeds. Take 3 pills per dose. Diarrhea should occur to expel the pathogen; if not cured, take again. During preparation, do not allow women, chickens, or dogs to see it. Contraindications: Raw green onion, wild boar meat, reeds/asparagus shoots, civet/cat meat, and raw blood products.
Huanglian Longgu Tang (Coptis and Dragon Bone Decoction): Treats Shi Xing Bing (Seasonal Pandemic Disease) where, after three or four days, severe heat dysentery occurs. Frequent use of Ba Tong Tang (White Connection Decoction) and other formulas often fails to stop it. I reflect that old formulas mostly treat dysentery following Cold Damage, but few address clearing heat and stopping diarrhea within just a few days of onset. Si Shun Tang is hot in nature, and Ba Tong Tang is bitter-warm; thus, I devised this decoction to save dozens of people, primarily treating Cold Damage.
Ingredients: Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptidis Rhizome, stops dysentery and clears heat); Huangbai Cortex Phellodendri (Phellodendri Cortex, stops dysentery and clears heat, each 3 liang); Shuai Ai Folium Artemisiae Argyi Preparatum (Prepared Mugwort Leaf, size of one egg, clears heat toxicity and stops dysentery); Longgu Os Draconis (Dragon Bone, 2 liang, stops dysentery and clears heat).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into pieces. Boil in 6 sheng of water to obtain 2.5 sheng. Divide into three doses. All cases were cured. Contraindications: Pork, cold water.
Jieji Shengma Tang (Muscle-Releasing Cimicifuga Decoction) (from *Qianjin Fang*): Treats "Shi Qi" disease unresolved after three or four days.
Ingredients: Shaoyao Radix Paeoniae Alba (White Peony Root, 1 sheng); Shengma Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 1 liang); Shigypsum Fibrosum (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang); Mahuang Herba Ephedrae (Ephedra Herb, 1 liang); Gancao Radix et Rhizoma Preparatum (Licorice Root, 1 liang); Xingren Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Apricot Seed, 30 pieces); Beichi Dentalium (Dentalium Shell, 3 pieces, alternatively Beimu Flos Fritillariae, 18 zhu).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into pieces. Boil in 3 sheng of water to obtain 1 sheng. Take all at once. Cover warmly to induce sweating; recovery follows sweating.