一、攻方之制，攻其实也。凡攻气者攻其聚，聚可散也。攻血者攻其瘀，瘀可通也。攻
积者攻其坚，在脏者可破、可培，在经者可针、可灸也。攻痰者攻其急，真实者暂宜解标，
多虚者只宜求本也。但诸病之实有微甚，用攻之法分重轻。大实者，攻之未及，可以再加；
微实者，攻之太过，每因致害，所当慎也。凡病在阳者，不可攻阴，病在胸者，不可攻脏。
若此者，邪必乘虚内陷，所谓引贼入寇也。病在阴者，勿攻其阳。病在里者勿攻其表，若此
者，病必因误而甚，所谓自撤藩蔽也。大都治宜用攻，必其邪之甚者也。其若实邪果甚，自
与攻药相宜，不必杂之补剂。盖实不嫌攻，若但略加甘滞，便相牵制；虚不嫌补，若但略加
消耗，偏觉相妨。所以寒实者最不喜清，热实者最不喜暖。然实而误补，不过增病，病增者
可解；虚而误攻，必先脱元，元脱者，无治矣。是皆攻法之要也。其或虚中有实，实中有虚
，此又当酌其权宜，不在急宜攻、急宜补者之例。虽然，凡用攻之法，所以除凶剪暴也，亦
犹乱世之兵，必不可无，然惟必不得已乃可用之。若或有疑，宁加详慎。盖攻虽去邪，无弗
伤气，受益者四，受损者六。故攻之一法，实自古仁人所深忌者，正恐其成之难，败之易耳
。倘任意不思，此其人可知矣。
一、攻法（指使用具有泻下、破滞等作用的治法）的制定，是为了攻逐体内的实邪。凡是治疗气机阻滞的，要针对气聚之处进行消散，气聚是可以散开的。凡是治疗血瘀的，要针对瘀血进行疏通，瘀血是可以通利的。凡是治疗积滞的，要针对坚硬的积块，如果在脏器的，可以采用攻破或培补的方法；如果在经络的，可以采用针刺或艾灸的方法。凡是治疗痰饮的，要针对急症处理，属于真实证的，暂时适宜解除标急症状；属于多虚证的，只适宜寻求根本原因进行治疗。但是各种疾病的实证有轻微和严重的区别，使用攻法时要区分轻重程度。大实证的，如果攻伐力度不够，可以再次增加剂量；微实证的，如果攻伐太过，往往会因此造成伤害，这是应当谨慎的。凡是病在阳分的，不可攻伐阴分；病在胸部的，不可攻伐内脏。像这样的情况，邪气必定会乘虚内陷，这就是所说的“引贼入寇”。病在阴分的，不要攻伐阳分。病在里的，不要攻伐表证，像这样的情况，病情必定会因为误治而加重，这就是所说的“自撤藩蔽”（自己拆掉防御工事）。大体上治疗适宜用攻法的，一定是邪气非常盛实的。如果确实是实邪严重，自然适合使用攻邪的药物，不必掺杂补益剂。因为实证不忌讳攻伐，如果稍微加入一点甘缓壅滞的药物，就会相互牵制；虚证不忌讳补益，如果稍微加入一点耗散消导的药物，就会觉得相互妨碍。所以寒实证最不喜欢清热药，热实证最不喜欢温补药。然而实证如果误用补法，不过是增加病情，病情增加的还可以解救；虚证如果误用攻法，必定先导致元气脱失，元气脱失的，就没有办法治疗了。这些都是攻法的关键要点。至于那些虚中夹实、实中夹虚的情况，这又应当斟酌权宜之计，不属于急于攻邪或急于补益的常规例子。虽然如此，凡是使用攻法，是为了去除凶险、剪除暴烈之邪，也就像乱世中的军队，必不可无，然而只有在万不得已的情况下才可以使用。如果有疑虑，宁可更加详细审慎。因为攻法虽然能去除邪气，但没有不损伤正气的，受益的占四分，受损的占六分。所以攻法这一种方法，实际上是古代仁人君子所深深忌讳的，正是担心它成功难、失败易罢了。如果任意行事不加思考，这样的人就可以知道了。
1. The formulation of attacking methods (therapeutic approaches utilizing purgative, resolving, or breaking actions) aims to eliminate excess pathogens within the body. When treating Qi stagnation, one attacks the site of Qi accumulation; such accumulation can be dispersed. When treating Blood stasis, one attacks the stasis; such stasis can be unblocked. When treating accumulations, one attacks the hardness; if located in the Zang organs, it may be broken down or supported with tonification; if located in the meridians, acupuncture or moxibustion may be employed. When treating Phlegm, one addresses the urgency: for true excess patterns, temporarily relieving the branch symptoms is appropriate; for patterns with significant deficiency, seeking the root cause is the only proper approach. However, excess conditions vary in severity, and the application of attacking methods must be graded according to lightness or heaviness. In cases of severe excess, if the initial attack is insufficient, the dosage may be increased; in cases of mild excess, excessive attacking often causes harm, which requires caution. If the disease is in the Yang aspect, one must not attack the Yin aspect; if the disease is in the chest, one must not attack the internal organs. Such errors allow pathogens to sink inward due to deficiency, described as "inviting thieves into the house." If the disease is in the Yin aspect, one must not attack the Yang aspect. If the disease is in the interior, one must not attack the exterior; such errors cause the condition to worsen due to mismanagement, described as "removing one's own defenses." Generally, attacking methods are indicated only when pathogens are extremely strong. If excess pathogens are indeed severe, they naturally suit attacking herbs, without the need to mix in tonifying agents. Excess patterns do not fear attacking; however, adding even slightly cloying or stagnant sweet herbs will hinder the action. Deficiency patterns do not fear tonification; however, adding even slightly dispersing or reducing herbs will interfere with recovery. Therefore, Cold-excess patterns dislike clearing heat, while Heat-excess patterns dislike warming. Nevertheless, mistaking an excess pattern for a deficiency and using tonics merely increases the disease, which can still be resolved; but mistaking a deficiency pattern for an excess and using attacking methods first depletes Yuan Qi (Original Qi). Once Yuan Qi is depleted, there is no cure. These are the essentials of attacking methods. In cases where deficiency coexists with excess, or excess coexists with deficiency, one must weigh the circumstances appropriately, as these do not fall under the rules of urgent attacking or urgent tonification. Although so, the purpose of attacking methods is to remove perilous and violent pathogens, akin to an army in chaotic times—indispensable yet to be used only when absolutely necessary. If there is doubt, one should err on the side of extreme caution. For although attacking methods remove pathogens, they inevitably damage Zheng Qi (Upright Qi); four parts benefit, while six parts suffer. Thus, the method of attacking is deeply avoided by benevolent physicians of antiquity, precisely because success is difficult while failure is easy. Anyone who acts arbitrarily without thought can be judged accordingly.