万氏曰∶形乃气之充，色乃血之华，凡看痘者，舍此更无他法。是故形贵尖圆起发，若疮皮浓
硬而平 者凶。色贵光明润泽，根窠红活，而惨黯昏黑者凶。然形有起发而或致变者，由色不明润，
根不红活故耳。若痘色光泽，根窠红活，虽平 亦为可治。然色以红活为贵，而犹有圈红、 红、
铺红之别。圈红者，一线淡红紧附于根下，而无败走之势，吉之兆也。 红者，血虽以附而脚跟血
色隐然不聚，险之兆也。铺红者，痘色与肉不分，平铺散漫，凶之兆也。以此察之，则死生可预决
矣。根窠者血之基，脓者血之成，故六日以前专看根窠，若无根窠，必不灌脓；六日以后专看脓色，
若无脓，必不结痂，此必然之势也。
一看口唇舌尖红活，无燥白之色者吉。
二看根窠红润圆活，地白分明者吉。
三看心窝额上稀少者，最为顺候。
四看痘顶出来，不焦不紫者吉。
五看颜色无黑陷，痘顶内暗而黄如苍蜡色，外润而黄如油色者吉。
一、凡看痘之法，须察部位，并察多寡。大抵痘少者毒少而吉，痘多者毒甚而凶。如上而头面，
次而咽喉，前而胸腹，后而腰背，下而四肢，凡此五处，但得二三处稀少，而头面别无危证，即吉
候也。若五处通身皆密，即虽颗粒分明，恐气血不能周给，必难尽灌，或既灌而不能收，或既收而
不能脱，客强主弱而外盛内虚，小舟重载而力不胜任，鲜不覆矣。此多寡之宜察，勿谓虽多亦吉也。
万氏说：形态是气的充盈表现，色泽是血的精华体现。大凡观察痘疹的方法，除了看形和色之外，没有其他的途径。因此，痘形的可贵之处在于尖圆且起发饱满；如果疮皮浓密坚硬且平坦凹陷的，属于凶兆。色泽的可贵之处在于光明润泽、根脚（痘疹基底）红润鲜活；如果颜色惨暗昏黑的，属于凶兆。然而，有的痘形虽然起发，却可能导致病情变化，这是因为色泽不够明润、根脚不红活的原因。如果痘色光泽，根脚红润鲜活，即使形态平坦，也属于可以治疗的范畴。但是，色泽以红润鲜活为最宝贵，其中还有圈红、晕红、铺红的区别。所谓“圈红”，是指有一线淡红色紧紧附着在根脚下方，而没有败散走窜的趋势，这是吉利的征兆。所谓“晕红”，是指血液虽然依附于痘体，但根脚处的血色隐约而不聚拢，这是危险的征兆。所谓“铺红”，是指痘色与周围肌肉肤色不分，平铺散漫，这是凶险的征兆。通过这样来观察，就可以预先判断死生了。根脚是血液的基础，脓液是血液化成的，所以在出痘六天以前专门观察根脚，如果没有根脚，必然不会灌脓；六天以后专门观察脓色，如果没有脓液，必然不会结痂，这是必然的趋势。
第一，观察口唇和舌尖是否红润鲜活，没有干燥白色的，为吉。
第二，观察根脚是否红润圆润鲜活，底色洁白分明的，为吉。
第三，观察心窝处和额头上的痘疹是否稀少，这最为顺遂。
第四，观察痘顶是否突起，不焦枯不紫暗的，为吉。
第五，观察颜色没有黑陷，痘顶内部晦暗呈像苍蜡一样的黄色，外部润泽呈像油一样的黄色的，为吉。
一、大凡观察痘疹的方法，必须考察部位，并考察数量的多少。大致来说，痘疹少的毒邪少而吉利，痘疹多的毒邪重而凶险。如上至头面，次至咽喉，前至胸腹，后至腰背，下至四肢，凡是这五个部位，只要得到其中二三个部位痘疹稀少，而且头面部没有其他危重证候，就是吉利的征象。如果这五个部位全身都密集，那么即使颗粒分明，恐怕气血不能周全供给，必然难以全部灌脓，或者已经灌脓而不能收靥，或者已经收靥而不能脱痂，这是客邪强盛而正气虚弱，外表盛实而内里空虚，就像小船装载重物而力量无法胜任，很少有不翻覆的。这就是数量多少需要仔细考察的原因，不要认为即使多也是吉利的。
Wan said: Form is the manifestation of Qi's fullness, and color is the brilliance of Blood. In all methods of observing smallpox (or variola), apart from these two, there are no other approaches. Therefore, the desirable form is pointed, round, and fully elevated; if the pustule skin is thick, hard, and flat/depressed, it indicates a ominous prognosis. The desirable color is bright, lustrous, and moist, with a vibrant red base (root); if the color is pale, dull, or dark black, it indicates an ominous prognosis. However, even if the form is elevated, changes may occur due to unclear/lusterless color and non-vibrant roots. If the pustule color is glossy and the root is vibrant red, even if the form is flat, it is treatable. Nevertheless, among colors, vibrant red is most prized, but distinctions exist between "circular red," "halo red," and "spread red." "Circular red" refers to a thin line of pale red tightly attached below the root, without signs of spreading or collapsing, which is an auspicious omen. "Halo red" refers to blood adhering to the pustule, yet the color at the heel/root is faint and not gathered, which is a dangerous omen. "Spread red" refers to the pustule color blending indistinguishably with the surrounding flesh, lying flat and scattered, which is an ominous omen. By observing in this manner, life and death can be predicted. The root is the foundation of Blood, and pus is formed from Blood. Therefore, before the sixth day, one focuses on the root; without a root, pus formation will certainly not occur. After the sixth day, one focuses on the color of the pus; without pus, scabbing will certainly not occur. This is an inevitable trend.
First, observe whether the lips and tip of the tongue are vibrant and red, lacking dry white patches; this is auspicious.
Second, observe whether the roots are red, round, and vibrant, with distinct white background; this is auspicious.
Third, observe if the areas of the heart pit (epigastrium) and forehead have sparse lesions; this is the most favorable condition.
Fourth, observe if the tops of the pustules are protruding, neither scorched nor purple; this is auspicious.
Fifth, observe if there is no black depression, and the inside of the pustule top is dark yellow like wax, while the outside is moist and yellow like oil; this is auspicious.
One: In all methods of observing smallpox, one must examine the location and the quantity. Generally, fewer lesions indicate less toxin and an auspicious outcome, while more lesions indicate severe toxin and an ominous outcome. From the head and face above, to the throat next, to the chest and abdomen in front, to the waist and back behind, and to the limbs below—these five areas—if only two or three areas are sparse, and the head and face show no critical signs, it is an auspicious sign. If all five areas are densely covered over the whole body, then even if the particles are distinct, it is feared that Qi and Blood cannot supply sufficiently, making complete pus formation difficult. Or, after pus formation, crusting may fail to occur; or after crusting, shedding may fail to happen. This represents the pathogen being strong while the healthy Qi is weak, external excess masking internal deficiency, like a small boat carrying a heavy load beyond its capacity, rarely failing to capsize. This is why the quantity must be carefully examined; do not assume that abundance is always auspicious.