麦芽（二百三）味甘微咸，气温。善于化食和中，破冷气，消一切米面诸果食积，去心腹胀满，
止霍乱，除烦热，消痰饮，破 结，宽肠下气。病久不食者，可借此谷气以开胃；元气中虚者，
毋多用此以消肾。亦善催生落胎，单服二两，能消乳肿。其耗散血气如此，而脾胃虚弱、饮食不消
方中，每多用之何也？故妇有胎妊者，不宜多服。
神面（二百四）味甘，气平。炒黄入药。善助中焦土脏，健脾暖胃，消食下气，化滞调中，逐
痰积，破 瘕，运化水谷，除霍乱胀满呕吐。其气腐，故能除湿热；其性涩，故又止泻痢。疗女人
胎动因滞，治小儿腹坚因积。若妇人产后欲回乳者，炒研酒服二钱，日二即止，甚验。若闪挫腰痛
者，淬酒温服最良。
白扁豆（二百五）味甘，气温。炒香用之，补脾胃气虚，和呕吐霍乱，解河豚酒毒，止泻痢温
中，亦能清暑治消渴。欲用轻清缓补者，此为最当。
薏仁（二百六）味甘淡，气微凉。性微降而渗，故能去湿利水。以其去湿，故能利关节，除脚
气，治痿弱拘挛湿痹，消水肿疼痛，利小便热淋，亦杀蛔虫。以其微降，故亦治咳嗽唾脓，利膈开
胃。以其性凉，故能清热，止烦渴上气。但其功力甚缓，用为佐使宜倍。
绿豆（二百七）味甘，性凉。能清火清痰下气，解烦热，止消渴，安精神，补五脏阴气，去胃
火吐逆，及吐血衄血，尿血便血，湿热泻痢肿胀，利小水，疗丹毒风疹，皮肤燥涩，大便秘结，消
痈肿痘毒，汤火伤痛，解酒毒鸩毒，诸药食牛马金石毒，尤解砒霜大毒。或用囊作枕，大能明耳目，
并治头风头痛。
粟壳（二百八）味微甘，性多涩。泡去筋膜，醋拌炒用，甚固大肠，久痢滑泻必用，须加甘补
同煎。久虚咳嗽劫药，欲用须辨虚实。脱肛遗精，惧所当用，湿热下痢，乃非所宜。
麻仁（二百九）即黄麻也，亦名大麻。味甘平，性滑利。能润心肺，滋五脏，利大肠风热结燥，
行水气，通小便湿热，秘涩五淋，去积血，下气，除风湿顽痹，关节血燥拘挛，止消渴，通乳汁，
产难催生，经脉阻滞。凡病多燥涩者宜之。若下元不固，及便溏阳痿，精滑多带者，皆所忌用。
麦芽（二百三）味甘，微咸，气温。善于消化食物、调和脾胃，破除冷气，消除各种米面及水果引起的食积，去除心腹胀满，止住霍乱，清除烦热，化解痰饮，破除结聚，宽畅肠道并降气。病程长久不能进食的人，可借此谷物的气机来开胃；元气中虚的人，不要多用此药以免耗伤肾气。它也善于催生和堕胎，单用二两服用，能消除乳房肿胀。它的耗散血气的功效如此显著，而在治疗脾胃虚弱、饮食不消化的方剂中，为何经常大量使用它呢？因此，怀孕的妇女不宜多服。
神曲（二百四）味甘，气平。炒黄后入药。善于辅助中焦脾土脏，健脾暖胃，消食降气，化滞调中，驱逐痰积，破除癥瘕，运化水谷，清除霍乱、胀满、呕吐。它的气味腐熟，所以能除湿热；它的性质涩，所以又能止泻痢。治疗因气滞导致的妇女胎动不安，治疗因积滞导致的小儿腹部坚硬。如果妇人产后想要回乳，炒研后用酒送服二钱，每日两次即可见效，非常灵验。如果是闪挫导致的腰痛，用酒淬制后温服效果最好。
白扁豆（二百五）味甘，气温。炒香后使用，补益脾胃气虚，调和呕吐霍乱，解河豚和酒毒，止泻痢、温中，也能清暑治疗消渴。如果想要使用轻清缓慢补益的方法，这是最合适的选择。
薏苡仁（二百六）味甘淡，气微凉。性质微降且渗利，所以能去湿利水。因为它能去湿，所以能利关节，除脚气，治疗痿弱、拘挛、湿痹，消除水肿疼痛，通利小便治疗热淋，也能杀死蛔虫。因为它性质微降，所以也治疗咳嗽吐脓，利膈开胃。因为它性质凉，所以能清热，止烦渴上气。但是它的功效非常缓慢，作为佐使药使用时剂量应加倍。
绿豆（二百七）味甘，性凉。能清火清痰降气，解除烦热，止消渴，安定精神，补五脏阴气，去除胃火引起的呕吐逆气，以及吐血、鼻衄、尿血、便血，湿热引起的泻痢肿胀，通利小便，治疗丹毒风疹，皮肤干燥涩滞，大便秘结，消除痈肿痘毒，汤火烫伤疼痛，解酒毒、鸩毒，各种药物、食物、牛马金石之毒，尤其能解砒霜的大毒。或者用其囊壳做枕头，能大大明目聪耳，并治疗头风头痛。
罂粟壳（二百八）味微甘，性质多涩。泡洗去除筋膜，用醋拌炒后使用，非常固涩大肠，久痢滑脱必须使用，需加入甘补之药同煎。对于久虚咳嗽劫夺正气之药，欲用时须辨别虚实。脱肛遗精，是应当使用的情况，但湿热下痢，则不是适宜的情况。
麻子仁（二百九）即黄麻，又名大麻。味甘平，性质滑利。能润心肺，滋五脏，利大肠风热结燥，行水气，通利小便湿热，秘涩五淋，去除积血，降气，除风湿顽痹，关节血燥拘挛，止消渴，通乳汁，治疗产难催生，经脉阻滞。凡是病证多为燥涩的都适宜使用。如果下元不固，以及便溏阳痿、精滑带多者，都是禁忌使用的。
Maiya (203) tastes sweet and slightly salty, with a warm temperature. It is good at transforming food and harmonizing the middle jiao, breaking up cold qi, eliminating all kinds of food stagnation caused by rice, flour, fruits, etc., removing fullness in the heart and abdomen, stopping cholera, dispelling irritability and heat, resolving phlegm-fluids, breaking up accumulations, widening the intestines and descending qi. For those who have been ill for a long time and cannot eat, this grain qi can be borrowed to open the appetite; for those with deficient yuan qi, it should not be used in large amounts to avoid damaging kidney qi. It is also good at inducing labor and aborting fetuses; taking two liang alone can eliminate breast swelling. Its ability to dissipate blood and qi is so significant, yet why is it often used in large quantities in formulas treating spleen and stomach weakness and indigestion? Therefore, pregnant women should not take it in large amounts.
Shenqu (204) tastes sweet, with a neutral temperature. It is processed by stir-frying until yellow before use. It is good at assisting the earth organ of the middle jiao, strengthening the spleen and warming the stomach, digesting food and descending qi, resolving stagnation and regulating the middle, driving out phlegm accumulation, breaking up masses, transforming and transporting water and grain, eliminating cholera, distension, fullness, and vomiting. Its fermented nature allows it to dampen and clear heat; its astringent nature allows it to stop diarrhea and dysentery. It treats fetal restlessness in women due to stagnation, and abdominal hardness in children due to accumulation. If a postpartum woman wishes to suppress lactation, two qian of stir-fried and ground Shenqu taken with wine twice a day is very effective. For lower back pain due to sprain or strain, taking it warm after steeping in wine is best.
Baibian Dou (205) tastes sweet, with a warm temperature. It is processed by stir-frying until fragrant. It tonifies spleen and stomach qi deficiency, harmonizes vomiting and cholera, resolves pufferfish and alcohol toxicity, stops diarrhea and dysentery, warms the middle, and can also clear summerheat and treat xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome). For those desiring a light, clear, and slow tonification, this is the most appropriate choice.
Yiren (206) tastes sweet and bland, with a slightly cool temperature. Its nature is slightly descending and permeating, thus it can remove dampness and promote urination. Because it removes dampness, it can benefit joints, eliminate foot qi, treat flaccidity, spasms, and damp-bi, reduce edema and pain, promote urination to treat hot strangury, and kill roundworms. Because it is slightly descending, it also treats cough with purulent sputum, benefits the diaphragm, and opens the stomach. Because its nature is cool, it can clear heat, stop irritability, thirst, and rebellious qi. However, its efficacy is very slow, so when used as an assistant drug, the dosage should be doubled.
Lvdou (207) tastes sweet, with a cool nature. It can clear fire, resolve phlegm, and descend qi, relieve irritability and heat, stop wasting-thirst, calm the spirit, tonify the yin qi of the five zang organs, remove stomach fire causing vomiting and reflux, as well as hematemesis, epistaxis, hematuria, and hematochezia, damp-heat diarrhea and dysentery with swelling, promote urination, treat erysipelas and wind-rash, dry and rough skin, constipation, eliminate carbuncles and acne toxins, burns and scalds, resolve alcohol and poison toxicity, various drug, food, cattle, horse, and mineral toxicities, and especially arsenic trioxide toxicity. Alternatively, using its husk as a pillow greatly brightens the eyes and ears, and treats head wind and headache.
Yangsuke (208) tastes slightly sweet, with a mostly astringent nature. It is soaked to remove fibrous membranes, mixed with vinegar, and stir-fried before use. It strongly secures the large intestine and must be used for chronic dysentery with sliding diarrhea, requiring decoction with sweet tonifying herbs. For chronic deficiency coughs where harsh drugs are needed, one must distinguish between deficiency and excess. It is indicated for rectal prolapse and seminal emission, but contraindicated for damp-heat dysentery.
Haren (209), also known as Huangma or Dama, tastes sweet and neutral, with a slippery and lubricating nature. It moistens the lungs and heart, nourishes the five zang organs, benefits the large intestine against wind-heat and dryness obstruction, moves water qi, unblocks damp-heat in urination, treats difficult urination (five stranguries), removes accumulated blood, descends qi, eliminates rheumatic stubborn bi, joint blood dryness and spasms, stops wasting-thirst, promotes lactation, treats dystocia and induces labor, and unblocks menstrual stasis. It is suitable for diseases characterized by dryness and obstruction. It is contraindicated for those with insecure lower origin, loose stools, impotence, spermatorrhea, and excessive leukorrhea.