诊鼻条目。气色已述明堂之中。形容当集提纲之下。灵枢云。五色之见。各出其色部。部骨陷者。必不免于
病。其色部乘袭者。虽病甚不死。是亦察色分部之要也。至其形容诸书。以为喘息鼻张者。肺病也。初病鼻
煽者。邪风壅塞肺窍也。引息鼻张。呼吸急促。惕惕闷闷无痰声者。忧思气郁也。鼻煽喘汗者。肺绝也。鼻煽
张者。肺绝也。口鼻虚张短气者。肺绝。三日死也。喘喝胸盈仰息者。肺实也。鼻槁腊不得汗。毛发焦。皮不可
近席者。皮寒热也。鼻孔忽仰者。死证也。鼻烂者。疳疮也。身热目痛身干。不得卧者。伤寒阳明经之证也。伤
寒鼻干燥者。阳明病将衄血也。阳明病。脉浮发热。口干鼻燥。能食者。衄证也。伤寒脉浮。鼻中燥者。必衄血
也。鼻孔燥黑如烟煤者。阳毒热深也。鼻口干燥。大小便不利者。痫候也。酒瘅无热。靖言了了。腹满欲吐。鼻
燥者。脉浮先吐之。弦先下之也。鼻干喘促气逆者。气蒸也。鼻孔干者。肺枯也。鼻干黑燥者。火克金也。鼻孔
黑燥无涕者。肺绝也。鼻柱坏而色败。皮肤溃而有疡者。风寒客于脉而不去。发为疠风也。疠风鼻柱坏者。
骨先死也。疠风鼻梁崩塌。眼弦断烈。唇翻声哑者。骨死也。疠风鼻柱崩倒。鼻中生 肉者。虫食其肺也。鼻
塞涕浊者。风热也。人之鼻洞涕出不收者。颃颡开分气泄也。中寒家喜欠。其人清涕出。发热色和者。善嚏
也。欲嚏不能者。此人肚中寒也。鼻塞流清涕者。邪未解也。鼻塞流清涕。发热咳嗽。自汗恶风者。伤风也。痰
清涕清者。寒未去也。少腹膀胱按之内痛。若沃以汤。涩于小便。上为清涕者。胞痹也。鼻流清涕。呵欠烦闷
咳嗽喷嚏。面肿腮赤者。疹也。浊涕下不止者。胆移热于脑。则辛 鼻渊也。口鼻出血不止者。脑衄也。鼻衄
发热。身无汗。口干鼻燥者。邪气实也。鼻衄面黄白。身无热。血出多而不止者。正气虚也。衄而不止。脉大者。
逆证也。血外溢而衄者。阳络伤也。鼻 肉者。热滞于阳明之经络也。鼻 者。寒气之所薄也。小儿频揉
耳鼻者。疳证也。鼻塞赤痒疼痛。浸淫溃烂。下连唇际成疮。咳嗽气促。毛发焦枯者。鼻疳也。千金云。肺前病。
鼻则为之孔开焦枯。肺先死。鼻则为之梁折。孔闭青黑色。若天中等分墓色应之。必死不治。此皆诊鼻之
条目也。
诊察鼻部的条目。气色已在“明堂”（面部中央区域）中阐述明确，形态特征应当汇集在提纲之下。《灵枢》说：五色显现，各自出现在其对应的色部。骨骼凹陷的部位，必定难免患病；如果该部位的色泽出现相乘或相袭的现象，即使病情严重也不会死亡。这也是观察面色并分部诊断的要领。至于关于鼻部形态的各种书籍记载认为：呼吸时鼻孔张开的，是肺病。初起病时鼻孔煽动的，是邪风壅塞肺窍所致。吸气时鼻孔张开，呼吸急促，心中惊恐郁闷且无痰声的，是忧思导致气机郁结。鼻孔煽动、气喘、出汗的，是肺气衰竭的表现。鼻孔张开不能闭合的，也是肺气衰竭。口鼻虚浮张开、短气的，是肺气衰竭，三天后死亡。喘息有声、胸部胀满、仰面呼吸的，是肺实证。鼻干如腊、无汗、毛发焦枯、皮肤干燥不可贴近席子的，是皮寒热证。鼻孔突然上翻的，是死证。鼻头溃烂的，是疳疮。身体发热、眼睛痛、身体干枯、不能卧睡的，是伤寒阳明经的证候。伤寒病中鼻干燥的，是阳明病即将发生鼻衄（鼻出血）的先兆。阳明病，脉浮、发热、口干、鼻燥、能进食的，是衄血证。伤寒脉浮，鼻中干燥的，必定会发生鼻衄。鼻孔干燥发黑如烟煤状的，是阳毒热邪深重。鼻口干燥，大小便不利的，是痫病的先兆。酒疸无发热，神志清醒安静，腹部胀满想呕吐，鼻干燥的，脉浮的先用吐法，脉弦的先用下法。鼻干、喘促、气逆的，是气蒸腾之象。鼻孔干燥的，是肺枯。鼻干黑燥的，是火克金（肺金受火邪克制）。鼻孔黑燥无鼻涕的，是肺气衰竭。鼻梁塌陷且色泽败坏，皮肤溃烂生疮疡的，是风寒邪气客居经脉而不离去，发展为疠风（麻风病）。疠风导致鼻梁塌陷的，是骨气先绝。疠风导致鼻梁崩塌，眼睑断裂，嘴唇外翻，声音嘶哑的，是骨气已死。疠风导致鼻梁崩倒，鼻中生息肉的，是虫蚀肺脏。鼻塞、流浊涕的，是风热。人的鼻孔洞开、鼻涕流出无法收敛的，是颃颡（鼻咽部）开张，分气泄漏。患中寒病的人喜欢打哈欠，其人流出清鼻涕，发热而面色正常的是善于打喷嚏。想要打喷嚏却打不出来的，是此人肚中有寒。鼻塞流清涕的，是邪气未解。鼻塞流清涕，发热咳嗽，自汗恶风的，是伤风。痰清涕清的，是寒邪未去。少腹膀胱部位按压内部疼痛，像灌了热水一样，小便涩痛，向上表现为流清涕的，是胞痹。鼻流清涕，呵欠烦闷，咳嗽喷嚏，面部肿胀腮部发红的是疹病。浊涕下注不止的，是胆热移于脑，则形成辛頞鼻渊（鼻渊）。口鼻出血不止的，是脑衄。鼻衄伴发热，身体无汗，口干鼻燥的，是邪气实盛。鼻衄后面色黄白，身体无热，出血多且不止的，是正气虚弱。衄血不止，脉大的，是逆证。血液外溢而衄血的，是阳络受伤。鼻内生肉赘的，是热邪滞留在阳明经络。鼻部寒冷不适的，是寒气侵迫所致。小儿频繁揉搓耳鼻的，是疳证。鼻塞赤痒疼痛，浸淫溃烂，向下连接唇际成疮，咳嗽气促，毛发焦枯的，是鼻疳。《千金方》说：肺先患病，鼻孔就会张开焦枯；肺先死，鼻梁就会折断，孔闭呈青黑色，若天中（印堂）部位的颜色与之相应，必定死亡无法治疗。这些都是诊察鼻部的条目。
The section on examining the nose. The qi and color have already been clearly described in the Mingtang (central area of the face). The morphological features should be collected under the outline. *Ling Shu* states: The five colors appear, each in its corresponding color region. In regions where the bone is depressed, disease is inevitable. If the color in that region undergoes mutual overacting or succession, even if the disease is severe, death will not occur. This is also a key point in observing facial color and diagnosing by region. As for various books regarding nasal morphology, it is considered that: Nasal flaring during respiration indicates Lung disease. Initial nasal flapping indicates pathogenic wind obstructing the Lung orifices. Nasal flaring upon inhalation, with rapid breathing, fearful and depressed sensation without phlegm sounds, indicates Qi stagnation due to worry and thought. Nasal flapping with panting and sweating indicates exhaustion of Lung Qi. Nasal flaring that cannot close also indicates exhaustion of Lung Qi. Mouth and nose appearing hollow and open, with shortness of breath, indicates exhaustion of Lung Qi, leading to death within three days. Panting with sound, chest fullness, and breathing while lying on the back indicate excess syndrome of the Lung. Dry nose like wax, no sweat, scorched hair, and skin so dry it cannot touch the mat indicate cold-heat of the skin. Sudden upward turning of the nostrils is a sign of death. Ulceration of the nasal tip indicates gan sore (childhood malnutrition ulcer). Fever, eye pain, dry body, and inability to lie down are symptoms of the Yangming channel syndrome in Shanghan (Cold Damage). Dryness of the nose in Shanghan indicates that Yangming disease is about to manifest as epistaxis (nosebleed). In Yangming disease, with floating pulse, fever, dry mouth, dry nose, and ability to eat, it is a hemorrhagic syndrome. In Shanghan, with floating pulse and dry nose, epistaxis is certain. Dryness and blackening of the nostrils like coal smoke indicate deep heat from Yang toxicity. Dryness of nose and mouth with difficulty in urination and defecation is a precursor to epilepsy. Wine jaundice without fever, with calm and clear consciousness, abdominal fullness, desire to vomit, and dry nose: if the pulse is floating, use emesis first; if string-taut, use purgation first. Dry nose with panting and rebellious Qi indicates steaming Qi. Dry nostrils indicate withered Lung. Dry, black, and scorched nose indicates Fire overcoming Metal (Lung Metal being controlled by Fire). Black, dry nostrils without mucus indicate exhaustion of Lung Qi. Collapse of the nasal bridge with deteriorated complexion, and skin ulceration with sores, indicates Wind-Cold lodging in the channels and not departing, developing into Li Feng (leprosy). Leprosy causing collapse of the nasal bridge indicates the death of Bone Qi. Leprosy causing collapse of the nasal bridge, rupture of eyelids, eversion of lips, and hoarseness indicates death of Bone Qi. Leprosy causing collapse of the nasal bridge and growth of polyps in the nose indicates worms eating the Lung. Nasal congestion with turbid discharge indicates Wind-Heat. A person with open nostrils and uncontrolled dripping mucus indicates opening of the Hangsang (nasopharynx) and leakage of divided Qi. Those suffering from internal Cold often yawn; those with clear rhinorrhea and fever but normal complexion tend to sneeze frequently. Inability to sneeze when desired indicates Cold in the abdomen. Nasal congestion with clear rhinorrhea indicates unresolved pathogen. Nasal congestion with clear rhinorrhea, fever, cough, spontaneous sweating, and aversion to wind indicate Wind Injury. Clear phlegm and clear rhinorrhea indicate lingering Cold. Internal pain upon pressing the lower abdomen and bladder, feeling like hot water poured inside,涩 (astringent/painful) urination, and upward manifestation of clear rhinorrhea indicates Bao Bi (Bladder Bi syndrome). Clear rhinorrhea, yawning, irritability, cough, sneezing, facial swelling, and red cheeks indicate Rash. Unstopping flow of turbid mucus indicates Gallbladder Heat transferring to the Brain, resulting in Xin E Bi Yuan (Nasal Sinusitis/Olfactory dysfunction). Unstopping bleeding from mouth and nose is called Nao Nu (Cerebral Epistaxis). Epistaxis with fever, anhidrosis, dry mouth, and dry nose indicates Excess of Pathogenic Qi. Epistaxis with yellowish-white complexion, absence of fever, profuse and unstopping bleeding indicates Deficiency of Healthy Qi. Epistaxis that does not stop with a large pulse is a counter-indication (adverse sign). Blood overflowing and causing epistaxis indicates injury to the Yang Luo (Yang Collaterals). Nasal flesh proliferation indicates Heat stagnating in the Yangming channels and collaterals. Cold sensation in the nose indicates invasion by Cold Qi. Children frequently rubbing their ears and nose indicate Gan syndrome (pediatric malnutrition). Nasal congestion, redness, itching, pain, oozing ulceration extending to the lips forming sores, cough, rapid breathing, and scorched dry hair indicate Bi Gan (Nasal Gan). *Qian Jin Fang* states: If the Lung is diseased first, the nostrils will open and become scorched and dry; if the Lung dies first, the nasal bridge will break, the orifices will close, and the color will turn cyan-black. If the color at Tianzhong (Yintang) corresponds to this, death is inevitable and untreatable. These are all the items for examining the nose.