辛温，有毒。忌犯铁器，酒浸，焙干用。
发明 仙茅性热，补三焦命门之药，惟阳衰精冷、下元痿弱，老人失溺，无子，男子禀
赋素虚者宜之；若体壮相火炽盛者服之，反能动火为害叵测。按《医说》云∶一人中仙茅毒
，舌胀退场门渐大与肩齐，以小刀 之，随破随合， 至百数始有血一点出，曰可救矣。煮大
黄、芒硝与服，以药掺之，应手消缩。此皆火盛性淫之人过服之害也。然川产者少，伪充者
多，不可不辨。
一名黑参
苦微寒，无毒。反藜芦。
《本经》主腹中寒热积聚，女子产乳余疾，补肾气，令人明目。
发明 黑参入足少阴肾经，主肾水受伤，真阴失守，孤阳无根，亢而僭逆，咽喉肿痛之
专药。又治伤寒阳毒，汗下不解，发斑咽痛，心下懊 ，烦不得眠，心神颠倒欲绝者俱用。
玄参专清上焦氤氲之气、无根之火。《本经》治腹中寒热积聚，女子产乳余疾，并可清有形
热滞，故消瘰 结核。治目赤肿痛，《本经》又云，补肾气，令人明目，不特治暴赤肿痛。
总皆散清火之验也。但其性寒滑，脾虚泄泻者禁用。
苦涩微寒，无毒。去梢，酒拌，炒黑用。
《本经》主妇人乳产痉痛，七伤带下五漏，止痛，止汗，除恶肉，疗金疮。
发明 地榆入足厥阴，兼行手足阳明，体沉而降，善入下焦理血。《本经》主乳产痉痛
，七伤带下五漏者，是指去血过多，肝风内生之象。又云止汗止痛，除恶肉，疗金疮者，以
其能和血也。若气虚下陷而崩带，及久痢脓血瘀晦不鲜者，又为切禁。性能伤胃，误服多致
口噤不食。又诸疮痛者，加地榆。痒者，加黄芩，以其能散血热也。烧灰，香油调，敷火烫
，乃借火气引散血中之火毒耳。梢专行血，不可混用。
【发明】仙茅药性大热，是补益三焦和命门的药物，只适用于阳气衰微、精液寒冷、下元（肾与膀胱）痿弱无力、老年人遗尿、无子嗣、以及男子先天禀赋素来虚弱的人；如果身体强壮、相火（寄居于肝肾的生理之火，病理状态下为虚火或实火）炽盛的人服用，反而会引动火势，造成难以估量的危害。据《医说》记载：有一人中了仙茅的毒，舌头肿胀，肛门逐渐肿大至与肩膀齐平，用小刀切开，伤口随即闭合，切割了一百多次才有一点血流出，医生说可以救治了。让他煮服大黄和芒硝，并将药粉掺在伤口上，应手间就消肿缩小。这都是因为火气旺盛、性欲放纵之人过量服用造成的危害。然而四川产的仙茅较少，冒充者很多，不能不加以辨别。
又名黑参。
苦，微寒，无毒。反藜芦。
《神农本草经》主治腹中寒热积聚，妇女产后及哺乳期的余疾，补肾气，使人目光明亮。
【发明】玄参入足少阴肾经，主要治疗肾水受伤、真阴失守、孤阳无根、亢奋僭逆导致的咽喉肿痛，是其专药。又用于治疗伤寒阳毒，经过发汗和解表攻下治疗后病仍未解，出现皮肤发斑、咽喉疼痛、心中烦闷懊恼、烦躁不得安眠、心神错乱近乎衰竭的情况，均可使用。玄参专门清除上焦弥漫的热气和无根之火。《神农本草经》记载其治腹中寒热积聚、妇女产乳余疾，并能清除有形的热邪停滞，所以能消除瘰疬结核。治疗目赤肿痛，《神农本草经》又说它能补肾气、使人明目，不仅治疗突发的红赤肿痛。总之都是其散清火热功效的体现。但其药性寒凉滑利，脾虚泄泻者禁用。
苦、涩，微寒，无毒。去梢部，用酒拌，炒黑后使用。
《神农本草经》主治妇女分娩时的痉挛疼痛，七伤带下及五漏症，止痛，止汗，去除恶肉，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）。
【发明】地榆入足厥阴肝经，兼行手足阳明经，药体质重而沉降，善于进入下焦调理血液。《神农本草经》主治分娩痉挛疼痛、七伤带下五漏，是指因失血过多导致肝风内生的症状。又说它能止汗止痛、去除恶肉、治疗金疮，是因为它能调和血液。如果是气虚下陷导致的崩漏（非经期大量出血）和带下，以及久痢脓血颜色晦暗不鲜红的情况，又是绝对禁忌。其性能损伤胃气，误服多导致牙关紧闭、无法进食。另外，各种疮疡疼痛的，加用地榆；瘙痒的，加入黄芩，因为它能消散血分中的热邪。烧成灰，用香油调匀，敷于火烫伤处，这是借火气引导散出血中的火毒。梢部专门行血，不可混淆使用。
Acrid, warm, toxic. Avoid contact with iron vessels; soak in wine and bake dry before use.
[Invention] Xianmao (Curculiginis Rhizoma) is hot in nature and is a herb that tonifies the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) and Mingmen (Gate of Life). It is suitable only for those with Yang deficiency and cold essence, weakness of the lower Yuan (Kidney and Bladder), elderly people with urinary incontinence, infertility, and men with innate constitutional deficiency. If taken by those who are physically robust with flourishing Xi Huo (Ministerial Fire), it will instead stir up fire and cause unpredictable harm. According to "Yi Shuo" (Medical Sayings): One person suffered poisoning from Xianmao; their tongue swelled, and their anus gradually enlarged to the level of their shoulders. A small knife was used to incise it; the wound closed immediately after each cut. After more than a hundred cuts, a single drop of blood emerged, at which point it was said that rescue was possible. They were given decoctions of Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), and the powder was applied topically, resulting in immediate reduction of swelling. This illustrates the harm caused by individuals with excessive fire and hyperactive libido taking this herb in excess. However, Xianmao produced in Sichuan is rare, and many fakes exist; one must not fail to distinguish them.
Also known as Heishen (Black参).
Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Incompatible with Lilu (Veratri Rhizoma).
The "Shennong Bencao Jing" (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states it treats abdominal accumulations of cold and heat, residual diseases in women after childbirth and lactation, tonifies Kidney Qi, and improves vision.
[Invention] Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. It is the specific herb for treating sore throat and swelling caused by injury to Kidney Water, loss of True Yin, rootless solitary Yang, and rebellious hyperactivity. It is also used to treat Yang toxicity in Shanghan (Cold Damage), where sweating and purging have failed to resolve the condition, leading to macules on the skin, sore throat, mental restlessness and oppression, irritability preventing sleep, and extreme mental confusion. Xuanshen specifically clears the misty heat and rootless fire of the Upper Jiao. The "Shennong Bencao Jing" records its ability to treat abdominal accumulations and postpartum residuals, and to clear有形 (formidable/physical) heat stagnation, thus eliminating Luoli (scrofula) and tubercles. For red and swollen painful eyes, although the "Shennong Bencao Jing" mentions tonifying Kidney Qi and improving vision, it applies not only to acute redness and swelling. All these demonstrate its efficacy in dispersing and clearing fire. However, its nature is cold and slippery; it is contraindicated in cases of Spleen deficiency with diarrhea.
Bitter, astringent, slightly cold, non-toxic. Remove the tips, mix with wine, and charred before use.
The "Shennong Bencao Jing" states it treats spasmodic pain during childbirth, Qi Shi (seven injuries), Dai Xia (leukorrhea), Wu Lou (five leaks), stops pain and sweating, removes foul flesh, and treats Jin Chuang (metal weapon wounds).
[Invention] Diyü (Sanguisorbae Radix) enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and also acts on the Hand-Yangming and Foot-Yangming meridians. Its substance is heavy and descending, making it adept at entering the Lower Jiao to regulate blood. The "Shennong Bencao Jing" mentions treating childbirth spasms and leukorrhea due to seven injuries, referring to the manifestation of internal Liver Wind generated by excessive blood loss. It also states it stops sweating and pain, removes foul flesh, and treats metal wounds because it harmonizes the blood. However, it is strictly contraindicated in cases of prolapse due to Qi deficiency with metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, as well as chronic dysentery with pus and blood that is dark and dull. Its nature can damage Stomach Qi; accidental ingestion often leads to trismus (lockjaw) and inability to eat. Furthermore, for various sores with pain, add Diyü; for itching, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), as it can dissipate heat in the Blood level. When calcined to ash and mixed with sesame oil for application to scalds, it utilizes the fire energy to guide and disperse fire toxins within the blood. The tips specifically promote blood circulation and should not be confused with the main root.