桑上寄生
甘平有毒。有桑蛾、桑鸡、桑黄、桑臣等名。
《本经》黑者主女子漏下。赤者治血病症瘕积聚，阴痛阴疡，寒热无子。
发明 桑耳凉润，善祛子脏中风热，不但主漏下血病，并可以治寒热积聚，积聚去不难
成孕。《本经》专取黑者达肾，赤者走肝，补中寓泻，泻中寓补之机，具见言外矣。其黄熟
陈白者止久泄益气，金色者治癖饮积聚，及肠风泻血、衄血、五痔下血、血痹虚劳，咽喉痹
痛，一切血证咸宜用之。槐耳治五痔脱肛。柳耳治反胃吐痰。柘耳治肺痈咳吐脓血，不问已
成未成，皆可用之。
甘平无毒。
发明 诸蕈禀土之热毒浮长，所以有毒伤人。惟香蕈楠木上糯米种出，大益胃气，与磨
菰鸡 性味不殊，蘑菰亦埋桑楮诸木于土中，浇以米泔而生，其长大色白，柔软中空如鸡腿
者，名鸡腿蘑菰。状如羊肚有蜂窠眼者名羊肚菜。其出云南生沙地间，高脚伞头者曰鸡 菜
，皆能益胃清神。蘑菰兼能化痰，鸡 兼能治痔。一得桑楮余泽，一钟山川灵气，故其性各
有不同耳。
蕈，通作菌，甘寒有毒。
发明 处处山中有之，以其得岚嶂郁蒸之气而生，助长湿热最甚。过食令人腹痛、颅胀
，或发痰气呕逆，其在初春蛰虫未起之时为毒尚浅，夏秋湿热盛行之时，毒邪尤甚。以其多
有蛇虺之毒也。即生朽株上者，除槐榆松柳杉桑，及 芦根者食之无虞。然日久虫生味苦，
亦不宜食。他如皂荚、苦竹、茅根，生者不无小毒，食之多发疮疥。而生于枫树上者，食之
毒攻心包，令人笑不止，急以苦茗地浆或生白矾研，新汲水解之。诸菌之可食者，首推雷惊
菌，次则糖菌、松花菌，味极鲜美。若味苦或辣皆为有毒，切不可食。至如光白如银，中夜
有光，上有毛，下无纹，底无赠裥，仰卷色赤，欲烂无虫，洗之水黑，煮之不熟者，并有大
毒伤人。中其毒者，非地浆清粪不能救之。昔闻有人得一大菌，光润可爱，置之瓶中，蝇蚋
扑上即死，究其所得之处乃在古冢穴中洵为桫枋之毒无疑。今人煮菌，每以银饰并灯心草置
锅中，但验其银色黑者即为有毒，近见食蕈而死者与河豚无异，特表而出之。
桑上寄生
味甘，性平，有毒。又名桑蛾、桑鸡、桑黄、桑臣等。
《神农本草经》记载：黑色的主治女子带下漏血；红色的治疗血瘀形成的症瘕积聚，以及阴部疼痛、阴部疮疡、寒热往来和不孕症。
发明（后世医家的阐发）：桑耳性质凉润，善于祛除子宫中的风热，不仅主治漏下出血的病证，还可以治疗寒热往来及积聚之证，积聚消除后不难怀孕。《神农本草经》专门选取黑色者以通达肾气，红色者以入肝经，体现了在补益中寓含泻实、在泻实中寓含补益的机理，这些含义都蕴含在文字之外了。那些黄色成熟且陈旧变白的，可以止住久泻并益气；金色的用于治疗癖饮（停聚的水饮）、积聚，以及肠风便血、鼻衄、五种痔疮出血、血痹虚劳，咽喉痹痛，一切血证都适宜使用。槐耳用于治疗五种痔疮脱肛。柳耳用于治疗反胃吐痰。柘耳用于治疗肺痈咳吐脓血，无论是否已成脓，都可以使用。
香蕈
味甘，性平，无毒。
发明：各种菌类禀受土中的热毒而浮长，所以有毒伤人。只有生长在楠木上的香蕈是用糯米培育出来的，大益胃气，其性与磨菰鸡（一种菌类）相同。蘑菰也是将桑树、楮树等木材埋在土中，用米泔水浇灌而生长的，长得高大、颜色白、柔软中空像鸡腿的，名叫鸡腿蘑菰。形状像羊肚且有蜂窝状孔眼的，名叫羊肚菜。从云南出产、生长在沙地间、脚高伞头大的，叫做鸡枞菌，都能益胃清神。蘑菰兼能化痰，鸡枞菌兼能治疗痔疮。它们一个得桑树、楮树的余泽，一个钟山川的灵气，所以它们的性质各有不同。
土蕈（泛指野生菌类）
味甘，性寒，有毒。
发明：到处山里都有，因为它们得山岚雾气郁蒸之气而生，助长湿热最厉害。过量食用会导致腹痛、头部胀痛，或者引发痰气呕逆。如果在初春蛰伏的虫子还未苏醒的时候采摘，毒性尚浅；在夏秋湿热盛行的时候，毒邪尤其严重，因为其中多有蛇蝎类的毒素。即使是生长在腐朽树干上的，除了槐树、榆树、松树、柳树、杉树、桑树，以及芦根上生长的菌类食用无虞外，其他都要小心。然而时间久了生虫味道苦的，也不宜食用。其他的如皂荚、苦竹、茅根，新鲜时不无小毒，吃多了容易诱发疮疥。而生长在枫树上的，吃了毒气攻心包，让人笑个不停，急需用苦茶、地浆或生白矾研末，用新打的井水解毒。可食用的菌类，首推雷惊菌，其次是糖菌、松花菌，味道极其鲜美。如果味道苦或辣的都是有毒的，千万不要吃。至于像光洁白如银，半夜发光，上面有毛，下面无纹理，底部无褶皱，仰面卷曲呈红色，快要腐烂但无虫，水洗后水变黑，煮不熟的，都有大毒伤人。中毒的人，非用地浆清粪不能救活。过去听说有人得到一个大菌，光亮润泽很可爱，放在瓶子里，苍蝇蚊子扑上去就死，探究它所得的地方是在古墓穴中，确实是桫椤化石般的剧毒无疑。现在人煮菌，经常在锅里放银饰和灯心草，只要检验银色变黑的就是有毒素，近来见到吃菌而死的人与河豚中毒无异，特此表明出来警示世人。
Dongsheng Jisheng (Parasitic Fungus on Mulberry)
Sweet, neutral in nature, and toxic. Also known as Sang E, Sang Ji, Sang Huang, and Sang Chen.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states that the black variety treats leukorrhea with bleeding in women; the red variety treats blood stasis forming masses (zheng jia), genital pain, genital ulcers, alternating chills and fever, and infertility.
Invention (Post-classical elaboration): Sang Er (Auricularia auricula-judae growing on mulberry) is cool and moistening, good at dispelling wind-heat from the uterus. It not only treats leukorrhea with bleeding but also alternates chills and fever and mass accumulation. Once the masses are eliminated, conception is not difficult. *Shennong Bencao Jing* specifically selects the black variety to reach the Kidney, and the red variety to enter the Liver, embodying the mechanism of storing tonification within purgation and storing purgation within tonification, which is evident beyond the words. The yellow, ripe, and aged white varieties stop chronic diarrhea and benefit Qi; the golden variety treats phlegm-fluid retention (pi yin) and mass accumulation, as well as intestinal wind bloody stool, epistaxis, five types of hemorrhoidal bleeding, blood bi with deficiency and fatigue, throat obstruction pain, and all blood disorders are suitable for its use. Huai Er (fungal growth on locust trees) treats five types of hemorrhoids with prolapse. Liu Er (fungal growth on willow trees) treats regurgitation and vomiting of phlegm. Zhe Er (fungal growth on torreya trees) treats lung abscess with coughing up pus and blood, usable regardless of whether it has formed pus or not.
Xiang Xun (Fragrant Mushroom / Oyster Mushroom)
Sweet, neutral in nature, and non-toxic.
Invention: Various mushrooms inherit the hot toxicity of the earth to float and grow, thus possessing toxicity that harms humans. Only Xiang Xun, cultivated on Nanmu wood using glutinous rice, greatly benefits Stomach Qi. Its nature and flavor are similar to Mo Gu Ji (a type of mushroom). Mo Gu is also grown by burying mulberry and paper mulberry woods in the soil and irrigating with rice wash water. Those that grow large, are white in color, soft, hollow, and shaped like chicken legs are named Jitui Mo Gu. Those shaped like sheep's tripe with honeycomb pores are named Yangdu Cai. Produced in Yunnan, growing in sandy areas with high stems and umbrella caps, called Jizong, all can benefit the Stomach and clear the Spirit. Mo Gu additionally resolves phlegm; Jizong additionally treats hemorrhoids. One derives residual moisture from mulberry and paper mulberry, while the other concentrates the spiritual energy of mountains and rivers; hence their natures differ.
Tu Xun (Wild Mushrooms/Fungi)
Sweet, cold in nature, and toxic.
Invention: Found in mountains everywhere, they grow due to the humid and steaming qi of mountain mists, strongly promoting damp-heat. Overconsumption causes abdominal pain and cranial distension, or induces phlegm-Qi regurgitation and vomiting. If harvested in early spring before hibernating insects awaken, the toxicity is shallow; during summer and autumn when damp-heat prevails, the toxic pathogen is especially severe, as they often contain toxins resembling those of snakes and vipers. Even those growing on rotting logs, except for those on Locust, Elm, Pine, Willow, Fir, Mulberry, and Reed roots, should be consumed with caution. However, those that have aged, produced worms, and turned bitter are unsuitable for consumption. Others such as Gleditsia sinensis, Bitter Bamboo, and Imperata cylindrica rhizomes possess slight toxicity when fresh; excessive consumption easily triggers sores and scabies. Those growing on Maple trees, if ingested, allow toxin to attack the Pericardium, causing uncontrollable laughter; urgent treatment requires bitter tea, earth slurry, or raw alum powder dissolved in newly drawn well water. Among edible fungi, Lei Jing Jun (Thunder-struck Mushroom) is recommended first, followed by Tang Jun and Songhua Jun, which are extremely delicious. Those tasting bitter or spicy are toxic and must never be eaten. As for those that are smooth, white as silver, glowing at midnight, hairy on top, textureless below, without folds at the base, curling upward with a reddish hue, nearly rotten but worm-free, turning water black upon washing, and refusing to cook thoroughly, all possess great toxicity harming humans. Poisoned individuals can only be saved by earth slurry feces. It was once heard that someone obtained a large mushroom, smooth and attractive, placed in a bottle, killing flies and mosquitoes upon contact. Investigation revealed it came from an ancient tomb cavity, undoubtedly possessing extreme toxicity akin to fossilized Araucaria. Nowadays, people boiling mushrooms often place silver ornaments and rush grass in the pot; if the silver turns black, it indicates toxicity. Recently, deaths from eating mushrooms are comparable to pufferfish poisoning; this is hereby highlighted for warning.