苦甘微温，无毒。取叶，酒洗之。
《本经》主金疮痈肿疮脓。
发明 泽兰入足太阴、厥阴血分，专治产后血败流于腰股，拘挛疼痛，破宿血，消症瘕，
除
水肿、身面四肢浮肿。《本经》主金疮、痈肿，疮脓，皆取散血之功，为产科要药也。更以
芎、归、童便佐之，功效胜于益母。
辛平，无毒。赤茎者良。
发明 马兰入阳明血分，与泽兰功用相近。故能破宿生新。丹方治妇人淋浊、痔漏有效
。喉痹肿痛以马兰根叶捣汁，入米醋滴鼻孔或灌喉中，取痰自开。绞肠痧腹痛，以马兰细嚼
，咽汁立安。水肿溺涩，马兰一握，黑豆、小麦各一撮，酒水煎服效。蛇伤擂汁和醋搽之。
皆取散血解毒也。
辛微温，无毒。江西白花者良。
发明 香薷辛温，先升后降，故热服能发散暑邪，冷冻饮料则解热利小便，治水甚捷。世医
治暑病以香薷饮为首药。然暑有乘凉饮冷，致阳气为阴邪所遏，遂病发热恶寒，头痛烦躁，
口渴或吐或泻或霍乱者，宜用此发越阳气，散水和脾。若饮食不节，劳役力作之人，伤暑发
热，大渴烦渴，喘促者，乃劳倦内伤之证，必用清暑益气。如大热大渴，又宜人参白虎之类
，以泻火益元。更有汗出如雨，吐泻脱元，四肢清冷，脉微欲脱者，又须大顺浆水散等方救
之。若用香薷饮，是重虚其表，顷刻脱亡矣。今人不知，概用沉冷代茶，若元气虚人服之，
往往致病。盖香薷乃夏月解表之药，如冬月之用麻黄，气虚者岂可漫用。《深师》香薷丸治
通身水肿，以香薷熬膏，丸白术末，日三夜一服，米饮下之，效。
泽兰：味苦、甘，性微温，无毒。取叶片，用酒清洗。
《神农本草经》记载其主治金创（金属利器造成的创伤）、痈肿（红肿热痛的疮疡）及疮脓。
【发明】泽兰入足太阴脾经和足厥阴肝经的血分，专门治疗产后败血流入腰部和股部，导致拘挛疼痛，能破除陈旧瘀血，消除症瘕（腹内结块），去除水肿以及身体、面部、四肢的浮肿。《神农本草经》记载其主治金创、痈肿、疮脓，都是取其散血的功效，是产科的重要药物。再配合川芎、当归、童便（男童的小便）作为辅助，功效胜过益母草。
马兰：味辛，性平，无毒。以赤色茎秆者为佳。
【发明】马兰入阳明胃经的血分，与泽兰的功效相近。因此能破除旧血、生成新血。丹方中治疗妇人淋浊（小便淋漓涩痛且浑浊）、痔漏（痔疮出血或流脓）有效。喉痹肿痛（咽喉肿痛闭塞）时，将马兰根叶捣成汁，加入米醋滴入鼻孔或灌入喉咙，能使痰液自行排出。绞肠痧腹痛（一种急性腹痛病症），细嚼马兰，咽下汁液可立即缓解。水肿且小便不利时，取一把马兰，搭配黑豆、小麦各一撮，用水和酒煎服有效。蛇伤时，将马兰捣汁并混合醋涂抹患处。这些都是取其散血解毒的作用。
香薷：味辛，性微温，无毒。江西产的白花品种为佳。
【发明】香薷辛温，作用趋势先升后降，因此热服能发散暑邪，冷冻饮用则能清热利小便，治疗水湿非常快捷。世医治疗暑病将香薷饮作为首选药物。然而，暑天因乘凉饮冷，导致阳气被阴寒之邪遏制，从而出现发热恶寒、头痛烦躁、口渴，或者呕吐、腹泻甚至霍乱的症状，适宜使用此药发越阳气，散水和脾。如果是饮食不节制、劳累过度的人，因伤暑导致发热，大渴烦渴，气喘急促，这是劳倦内伤的证候，必须使用清暑益气法。如出现大热大渴，又适宜用人参白虎汤之类，以泻火补元气。更有汗出如雨，吐泻导致元气脱失，四肢冰冷，脉象微弱欲绝的情况，又须用大顺浆水散等方剂来救治。如果使用香薷饮，会使表气更加虚弱，顷刻间就会亡阳脱危。如今的人不懂这个道理，一概用冰镇的香薷饮代替茶喝，如果元气虚弱的人服用，往往会导致疾病。因为香薷是夏季解表的药物，如同冬季使用麻黄一样，气虚的人岂可随意使用。《深师方》中的香薷丸治疗全身水肿，将香薷熬成膏，拌入白术末制成丸药，白天服三次，夜间服一次，用米汤送下，效果显著。
Zelan (Lycopus lucidus): Bitter, sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. Take the leaves and wash them with wine.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats metal wounds (injuries caused by metal instruments), carbuncles and swellings, and pus in sores.
[Invention] Zelan enters the blood aspect of the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. It is specifically used to treat postpartum stagnant blood flowing into the waist and thighs, causing spasms and pain; it breaks old blood, eliminates masses (abdominal lumps), and removes edema as well as swelling of the body, face, and four limbs. *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its treatment of metal wounds, carbuncles, and pus, all relying on its blood-dispersing efficacy, making it an essential herb for obstetrics. When assisted by Xiongguang (Ligusticum chuanxiong), Guibai (Angelica sinensis), and Tongbian (urine of a young boy), its efficacy surpasses that of Yimucao (Leonurus japonicus).
Malan (Kalimeris indica): Pungent, neutral, non-toxic. Those with red stems are superior.
[Invention] Malan enters the blood aspect of the Yangming Stomach Meridian and has functions similar to Zelan. Thus, it can break old blood and generate new blood. In alchemical prescriptions, it is effective for treating women's strangury and turbidity, as well as hemorrhoids and fistulas. For throat obstruction with swelling and pain, crush the roots and leaves of Malan to extract juice, add rice vinegar, and drip into the nostrils or pour into the throat to induce expectoration. For colic-like abdominal pain (Jiaochangsha), chew Malan finely and swallow the juice for immediate relief. For edema with difficult urination, take a handful of Malan, one pinch of black beans, and one pinch of wheat, decoct with water and wine, and drink; this is effective. For snakebites, pound Malan to extract juice, mix with vinegar, and apply externally. All these applications rely on its blood-dispersing and detoxifying properties.
Xiangru (Elsholtzia splendens): Pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic. The white-flowered variety from Jiangxi is superior.
[Invention] Xiangru is pungent and warm; its action first ascends then descends. Therefore, when taken hot, it can disperse summerheat pathogens; when taken cold, it clears heat and promotes diuresis, making it very swift in treating water-dampness. Physicians of later generations use Xiangru Yin (Columbine Decoction) as the primary medicine for treating summerheat diseases. However, if summerheat is contracted due to seeking coolness and drinking cold beverages, causing yang qi to be suppressed by yin-cold pathogens, resulting in fever, aversion to cold, headache, irritability, thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, or cholera-like symptoms, it is appropriate to use this herb to vent yang qi, scatter water, and harmonize the spleen. If the condition arises from irregular diet or physical overexertion, leading to summerheat injury with fever, severe thirst, irritability, and rapid breathing, this is a syndrome of internal injury due to fatigue and exhaustion, requiring the method of clearing summerheat and benefiting qi. If there is high fever and severe thirst, formulas such as Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction) should be used to drain fire and benefit primal qi. Furthermore, if there is profuse sweating like rain, vomiting and diarrhea leading to yuan qi collapse, cold limbs, and a faint pulse near extinction, rescue formulas such as Dashun Jiangshui San must be employed. Using Xiangru Yin in such cases would further deplete the exterior defense, leading to imminent collapse within moments. Nowadays, people do not understand this and generally use iced Xiangru Yin as tea. If administered to individuals with deficient yuan qi, it often causes disease. Xiangru is an exterior-releasing herb for summer, analogous to the use of Mahuang (Ephedra) in winter; how can it be used indiscriminately by those with qi deficiency? The Xiangru Wan (Columbine Pill) in *Shenshi Fang* treats generalized edema by decocting Xiangru into a paste, mixing it with Baizhu powder to form pills, taken three times during the day and once at night with rice water, which is effective.