一名巨骨
苦平。一云辛寒，无毒。
《本经》主皮肤中热，除邪气，止遗溺，利水道。
发明 溲疏与枸杞相类，先哲虽以有刺无刺、树高树小分辨。然枸杞未尝无刺，但树小
则刺多，树大则刺少。与酸枣、白棘无异。《本经》枸杞条下主五内邪气，热中消渴，即溲
疏之除邪气也。枸杞条下主周痹风湿即溲疏之止遗溺、利水道也。除去五内之邪则热中消渴
愈矣。疏利水道之热则周痹风湿痊矣。溲溺疏利则气化无滞，子脏安和。观《千金方》与梅
核仁、辛荑、 本、泽兰子、葛上亭长同清子脏三十六疾，其清利风热之性可知。或云巨骨
即地骨之大者，按∶种树书云，收子及掘根种肥壤中，待苗生剪为蔬食甚佳，溲疏之名未必
非此。
辛苦平无毒。
《本经》养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛。
发明 石南严冬不凋，凌霜正赤，性温益肾可知，《本经》养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨
皮毛，皆取益肾之功。古方为风痹肾弱要药，今人绝不知用，盖由甄氏《药性论》有令人阴
痿之说，殊不知服此药者，能令肾强。嗜欲之人借此放恣，以致痿弱而归咎于药，良可慨也
。
即黄荆
实苦温，根茎甘苦平，茎沥甘平无毒。
发明 荆为治风逐湿、祛痰解热之药。实除骨间寒热下气，治心痛及妇人白带。炒熟酒
煎服治小肠疝气。酒浸治耳聋。叶治霍乱转筋，下部湿 香港脚肿满，以荆茎入坛中烧烟熏涌
泉穴及痛处，汗出则愈。捣烂罨蛇伤。根主头心肢体诸风，解肌发汗。茎治火灼疮烂。煎水
漱风牙痛。荆沥除风热，开经络，导痰涎，行血气，解热痢。《千金翼》云，凡患风人多热
，尝宜以竹沥、荆沥、姜汁和匀热服，以瘥为度。热多用竹沥，寒多用荆沥。二汁同用并以
姜汁助送则不凝滞。但气虚不能食者则用竹沥，气实能食者则用荆沥。
【石南】
又名巨骨。
味苦，性平。另一种说法认为其味辛、性寒，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载：主治皮肤中的热邪，祛除邪气，止住遗尿，通利水道。
【发明】
溲疏与枸杞相似，先前的医家虽然通过是否有刺、树木高矮来加以区分。然而枸杞并非没有刺，只是树小则刺多，树大则刺少。这与酸枣、白棘（一种带刺灌木）没有区别。《神农本草经》枸杞条下记载主治五脏内的邪气、热中消渴，这正是溲疏“除邪气”的功效体现。枸杞条下记载主治周身痹痛和风湿，这正是溲疏“止遗溺、利水道”的功效体现。除去五脏内的邪气，那么热中消渴就会痊愈。疏通利导水道的热邪，那么周身痹痛和风湿就会痊愈。小便通畅利导，则气化功能无滞碍，子宫安宁调和。观察《千金方》将其与梅核仁、辛荑、藁本、泽兰子、葛上亭长同用，以清治子宫三十六种疾病，可知其具有清利风热的药性。有人说巨骨就是地骨（枸杞根皮）中较大的部分，按考证：种植树木的书籍记载，收取种子或挖掘根部种植在肥沃土壤中，待幼苗生出后剪取作为蔬菜食用味道极佳，溲疏之名未必不是指这种植物。
【石南】
味辛、苦，性平，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载：滋养肾气，治疗内伤导致的阴精衰败，通利筋骨皮毛。
【发明】
石南在严冬时节不凋谢，经受霜雪后颜色正红，可知其性温且能益肾，《神农本草经》记载其养肾气、治内伤阴衰、利筋骨皮毛，都是取其益肾的功效。古方中将其列为治疗风痹和肾虚的要药，如今的人完全不知道使用它，大概是因为甄权《药性论》中有服用此药会导致阳痿的说法。殊不知服用此药的人，实际上能使肾脏强健。那些纵欲之人借此放纵欲望，导致身体痿弱，却归咎于药物，实在令人感慨。
【黄荆】
即黄荆。
果实味苦、性温；根茎味甘、苦，性平；茎汁味甘、性平，无毒。
【发明】
黄荆是治疗风邪、驱逐湿气、祛痰解热的药物。果实可去除骨间的寒热，降逆气，治疗心痛及妇女白带。炒熟后用酒煎服，可治疗小肠疝气。用酒浸泡可治疗耳聋。叶子可治疗霍乱引起的转筋，以及下部湿气导致的脚气肿满，将黄荆茎放入坛中燃烧烟雾，熏蒸涌泉穴及疼痛部位，出汗后即可痊愈。捣烂后敷贴可治疗蛇咬伤。根部主治头部、心脏、肢体各种风邪，解除肌表之邪并发汗。茎部可治疗火烧烫伤溃烂。煎水漱口可治疗风火牙痛。黄荆沥可清除风热，开通经络，引导痰涎，运行血气，解热痢。《千金翼方》记载：凡是患风病的人多有热象，平时适宜用竹沥、荆沥、姜汁混合均匀后热服，以病愈为度。热象重者多用竹沥，寒象重者多用荆沥。两种汁液同用时，并用姜汁辅助送服，就不会凝滞。但气虚不能进食者则用竹沥，气实能进食者则用荆沥。
[Shi Nan]
Also known as Ju Gu (Giant Bone).
Bitter, neutral. Another view holds it to be acrid and cold, non-toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It treats heat in the skin, eliminates pathogenic factors, stops enuresis, and promotes urination.
[Commentary]
Soushu (Clematis Root) is similar to Gouqi (Lycium Fruit). Ancient physicians distinguished them by the presence or absence of thorns and the height of the tree. However, Gouqi does have thorns; small trees have more thorns, while large trees have fewer. This is no different from Suan Zao (Ziziphus Seed) and Bai Ji (White Thorn). The entry for Gouqi in *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions treating pathogenic factors in the five viscera and "heat-in-the-middle with thirst" (Xiao Ke), which corresponds to Soushu's function of eliminating pathogenic factors. The entry for Gouqi also mentions treating generalized bi-syndrome and wind-dampness, which corresponds to Soushu's functions of stopping enuresis and promoting urination. Eliminating pathogenic factors from the five viscera cures heat-in-the-middle and thirst. Promoting the flow of fluids and clearing heat from the water passages cures generalized bi-syndrome and wind-dampness. When urination is smooth and unobstructed, Qi transformation proceeds without stagnation, and the uterus remains harmonious. Observing that *Qianjin Fang* uses it together with Mei He Ren (Prunus Mume Seed), Xin Yi (Magnolia Flower), Cao Ben (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Ze Lan Zi (Lygodium Spore), and Ge Shang Ting Chang (Meloe Beetle) to clear thirty-six diseases of the uterus, its nature of clearing and draining wind-heat can be understood. Some claim that Ju Gu is simply the larger part of Di Gu (Lycium Bark). According to botanical records, seeds are collected or roots are dug up and planted in fertile soil; once seedlings emerge, they are cut and eaten as vegetables, which is excellent. Thus, the name Soushu may well refer to this plant.
[Shi Nan]
Acrid, bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It nourishes Kidney Qi, treats internal injury leading to Yin deficiency, and benefits sinews, bones, skin, and hair.
[Commentary]
Shi Nan does not wither in severe winter and turns bright red after enduring frost, indicating its warm nature and ability to benefit the Kidneys. The statements in *Shennong Bencao Jing* regarding nourishing Kidney Qi, treating internal Yin deficiency, and benefiting sinews, bones, skin, and hair all derive from its Kidney-benefiting efficacy. In ancient formulas, it was a key herb for treating wind-bi syndrome and Kidney weakness. Today, people rarely use it, likely due to Zhen Quan's *Yaoxing Lun*, which claims it causes impotence. In fact, taking this herb strengthens the Kidneys. Those indulgent individuals misuse it to gratify their desires, resulting in weakness, yet blame the herb—a matter worthy of sighing.
[Huang Jing]
It is Huang Jing (Vitex Negundo).
The fruit is bitter and warm; the root and rhizome are sweet and bitter, neutral; the stem juice is sweet and neutral, non-toxic.
[Commentary]
Huang Jing is an herb that treats wind, expels dampness, resolves phlegm, and clears heat. The fruit removes cold and heat between the bones, directs Qi downward, and treats heart pain and leukorrhea in women. Cooked and decocted in wine, it treats Xiao Chang Shan Qi (Small Intestine Hernia). Soaked in wine, it treats deafness. The leaves treat Huo Luan (Cholera-like disease) with muscle cramps, and lower-body dampness causing Hong Jiao Zhong Man (Podagra/Swollen Feet); burning the stems in a jar to fumigate the Yongquan (KI 3) acupoint and painful areas induces sweating, leading to recovery. Crushed and applied externally, it treats snakebites. The root treats various winds affecting the head, heart, and limbs, releases the muscle layer, and induces sweating. The stem treats burns and ulcerated sores. Decocted and used as a mouthwash, it treats wind-fire toothache. Huang Jing Li (Vitex Juice) clears wind-heat, opens the meridians, guides out phlegm, moves Blood and Qi, and resolves heat-dysentery. *Qianjin Yi Fang* states: Patients with wind disorders often have heat; it is advisable to take Zhu Li (Bamboo Juice), Jing Li (Vitex Juice), and Jiang Zhi (Ginger Juice) mixed evenly and taken hot until cured. For excessive heat, use more Zhu Li; for excessive cold, use more Jing Li. When using both juices together, adding Ginger Juice prevents stagnation. However, those with Qi deficiency who cannot eat should use Zhu Li, while those with robust Qi who can eat should use Jing Li.