苦甘辛微寒，小毒。反乌附。解野狼毒毒。
《本经》主痈肿疽疮，散结气止痛，除热、目中赤，小儿惊痫，温疟，女子阴中肿痛，
带下赤白。
发明 白蔹性寒。解毒，敷肿疡疮有解散之功，以其味辛也。但阴疽色淡不起，胃气弱
者，非其所宜。《本经》治目赤、惊痫、温疟，非取其解热毒之力欤。治阴肿带下，非取其
去湿热之力欤。《金匮》薯蓣丸用之，专取其辛凉散结，以解风气百疾之蕴蓄也。世医仅知
痈肿解毒之用，陋哉。同地肤子治淋浊失精，同白芨治金疮失血，同甘草解野狼毒之毒，其辛
散之功可知。而痈疽已溃者不宜用。
苦寒，无毒。
发明 山豆根大苦大寒，故能治咽喉诸疾。苏颂言∶含之咽汁，解咽喉肿痛极妙。或水
浸含嗽，或煎汤细呷，又解痘疹热毒及喉痹药皆验。盖咽证皆属阴气上逆，故用苦寒以降之
。《开宝》言解诸药毒，止痛消疮肿毒，发热咳嗽，善治人马急黄，杀小虫。时珍云，腹胀
喘满，研末汤服。血气腹胀，酒服三钱。卒患热厥心痛，磨汁服。总赖苦寒以散之，但脾胃
虚寒作泻者禁用。
苦平，无毒。
发明 黄药子治诸恶肿疮 喉痹，及蛇犬蛟毒，研水服之并用外涂。《千金》治瘿疾，
以黄药子半斤，无灰酒一升浸药，固济瓶口，糠火煨，候香，瓶头有津即止。时饮一杯不令
绝，三五日即消。勿饮不尔令人项细也。又专治马牛心脾热病。
白蔹：味苦、甘、辛，性微寒，有小毒。与乌头、附子相反。能解除野狼毒的毒性。
《神农本草经》记载其主治痈肿疽疮，消散结聚之气以止痛，清除热邪，治疗眼睛发红，小儿惊风抽搐，温疟，女子阴道内肿痛，以及赤白带下。
发明：白蔹性寒。具有解毒功效，外敷于未溃破的疮疡上具有解散的功效，这是因为它味辛的缘故。但是，对于颜色淡白且不起发的阴疽（阴寒性疮疡），以及胃气虚弱者，并不适宜使用。《神农本草经》治疗目赤、惊痫、温疟，难道不是利用它解除热毒的力量吗？治疗阴部肿痛和带下，难道不是利用它去除湿热的力量吗？《金匮要略》中的薯蓣丸中使用白蔹，专门是利用其辛凉散结的特性，来解除风气和各种疾病蕴蓄体内的病邪。世俗医生只知道它能用于痈肿解毒，真是浅陋啊。与地肤子同用可治疗淋浊失精，与白芨同用可治疗金创出血，与甘草同用可解野狼毒之毒，其辛散的功效可以想见。然而，痈疽已经溃破者不宜使用。
山豆根：味苦，性寒，无毒。
发明：山豆根大苦大寒，因此能治疗咽喉的各种疾病。苏颂说：含服让汁液咽下，对缓解咽喉肿痛极为奇妙。或者用水浸泡后含漱，或者煎汤细细咽下，又能解除痘疹热毒及喉痹，这些方法都有效。大概咽喉病症都属于阴气上逆，所以用苦寒的药物来降逆。《开宝本草》说它能解各种药物中毒，止痛消疮肿毒，治疗发热咳嗽，善于治疗人和马的急黄病，杀灭小虫。李时珍说，腹胀喘满，研成末用汤药送服。血气引起的腹胀，用酒送服三钱。突然患热厥心痛，磨汁服用。总之依靠苦寒的性质来消散病邪，但脾胃虚寒导致腹泻者禁用。
黄药子：味苦，性平，无毒。
发明：黄药子治疗各种恶肿疮疡、喉痹，以及蛇、狗、蛟等毒物咬伤，研碎用水服用并外用涂抹均可。《千金方》治疗瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大等疾病），用黄药子半斤，无灰酒一升浸泡药物，密封瓶口，用糠火煨烤，等到有香味，瓶口出现津液时就停止。经常饮用一杯，不要断绝，三五天即可消退。如果不饮酒，否则会导致颈部变细。又专门治疗马牛的心脾热病。
Bai Lian (Ampelopsis Radix): Bitter, sweet, and pungent; slightly cold in nature; slightly toxic. Incompatible with Aconitum carmichaelii (Wutou) and Aconitum lateral Preparatum (Fuzi). Resolves the toxicity of Daphne genkwa (Yelangdu).
*Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats carbuncles, sores, and ulcers; dissipates stagnant Qi to relieve pain; clears heat; treats redness of the eyes; pediatric convulsions and epilepsy; warm malaria; swelling and pain in the female genitalia; and leukorrhea that is red or white.
Innovation: Bai Lian is cold in nature. It has detoxifying properties and possesses a dispersing effect when applied externally to unruptured abscesses and sores, due to its pungent flavor. However, it is not suitable for Yin abscesses characterized by pale color and lack of elevation, nor for patients with weak Stomach Qi. Does *Shennong Bencao Jing* treat red eyes, convulsions, and warm malaria by leveraging its power to resolve heat-toxin? Does it treat genital swelling and leukorrhea by leveraging its power to eliminate damp-heat? In *Jin Gui Yao Lue*, Bai Lian is used in Shuyu Wan specifically for its acrid-cool property to dissipate nodules, thereby resolving the accumulation of wind pathogens and various diseases within the body. Contemporary physicians only know its use in detoxifying carbuncles; this is narrow-minded. Combined with Kochia Scoparia Fruit (Difuzi), it treats strangury and loss of essence; combined with Bletilla Rhizome (Baiji), it treats traumatic bleeding; combined with Licorice Root (Gancao), it resolves the toxicity of Daphne genkwa, demonstrating its pungent-dispersing efficacy. However, it should not be used for carbuncles and sores that have already ruptured.
Shan Dou Gen (Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Cortex): Bitter; cold; non-toxic.
Innovation: Shan Dou Gen is extremely bitter and cold, thus capable of treating various throat disorders. Su Song stated: holding it in the mouth and swallowing the juice is excellent for relieving throat swelling and pain. Alternatively, soaking it in water for gargling or decocting it for slow sipping effectively resolves heat-toxin from smallpox/rash and throat obstruction (Houbi). Generally, throat conditions are attributed to the counterflow of Yin Qi; therefore, bitter-cold herbs are used to descend it. *Kaibao Bencao* states it resolves poisoning from various drugs, relieves pain, reduces swelling and toxicity of sores, treats fever and cough, effectively manages acute jaundice in humans and horses, and kills small insects. Li Shizhen noted: for abdominal distension and fullness with wheezing, take as powder with water; for blood and Qi stagnation causing abdominal distension, take 3 qian with wine; for sudden onset of heat-jue heart pain, take the ground juice. All rely on the bitter-cold nature to disperse the pathogen, but it is contraindicated in cases of diarrhea caused by Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold.
Huang Yao Zi (Dioscorea bulbifera Tuber): Bitter; neutral; non-toxic.
Innovation: Huang Yao Zi treats various malignant swellings, sores, throat obstruction, and venom from snakes, dogs, and aquatic creatures. It can be taken internally after grinding with water and applied externally. *Qianjin Fang* treats goiter (Ying disease) using half a jin of Huang Yao Zi soaked in one sheng of pure wine. The bottle mouth is sealed tightly, and it is baked over chaff fire until fragrant and moisture appears at the bottle neck, then stopped. Drink one cup occasionally without interruption; the condition will subside in three to five days. Do not omit alcohol consumption, otherwise, it may cause thinning of the neck. It is also specifically used to treat heat diseases of the heart and spleen in horses and cattle.