即焰硝 辛苦咸温，有毒。溶化投甘草结定取用。
《本经》主百病，除寒热邪气，逐六腑积聚结固留癖，能化七十二种石。（诸家本草皆
错简在朴硝条内，详化七十二种石，岂朴硝能之。）
发明 焰硝属火，其性上升，能破积散坚，治诸寒热交错之病；升散三焦火郁，调和脏
腑虚寒，除寒热邪气，逐六腑积热，不出《本经》主治也。《别录》言天地至神之物，能化
七十二种石。抱朴子亦云∶能消柔五金，化七十二石。其错简可知。与硫黄同用，即配偶二
气，均调阴阳，有升降水火之功，治冷热缓急之病。盖硫黄性暖而利，其性下行，硝石性暖
而散，其性上行，一升一降，此制方之妙也。
咸苦辛热，有毒。醋煮干，刮下用。番禺者良。畏酸浆水，忌羊血。中其毒者，
生绿豆研汁恣饮解之。
发明 砂大热，乃卤液所结，秉阴毒之气，含阳毒之精，破积攻坚，无出其右。故能
治噎膈反胃，积块肉症。其性能柔金银，故焊药用之。所言化人心为血者，甚言其迅利也。
外用治恶肉，除疣赘，去鼻中息肉最捷。但不可过用，用过急以甘草汤洗之。观金银有伪，
投砂罐中，悉能消去，况人腹中有久积死胎，岂不腐溃。但其性毒烈，苟有生机，慎勿轻
试。
一名鹏砂
甘微咸，无毒。甘草汤煮化，微火炒松用。
发明 蓬砂味甘微咸，气温色白而质轻。能去胸膈上焦之实热。《素问》云∶热淫于内
，治以咸寒，以甘缓之是也。其性能柔五金而去垢腻。故主痰嗽喉痹。破症结治噎膈积聚，
骨鲠结核恶肉，取其能柔物也。含化咽津，治喉中肿痛，膈上痰热，取其能散肿也。眼目障
翳，口齿诸病用之，取其能涤垢也。昔人治骨鲠，百计不下，取含咽汁，脱然如央，此软坚
之征也。
即焰硝，味辛、苦、咸，性温，有毒。将其熔化后投入甘草中，待结晶固定后取用。
《神农本草经》记载其主治百病，消除寒热邪气，驱除六腑的积聚、结块、固着和留滞癖积，能够化解七十二种石头。（各家本草书籍都将此条错简放在朴硝条目内，详细考察“化解七十二种石头”这一功效，难道朴硝能做到吗？）
发明：焰硝属火，其性质上升，能破除积滞、消散坚结，治疗各种寒热错杂的疾病；升散三焦的火郁之气，调和脏腑的虚寒，消除寒热邪气，驱除六腑的积热，这些都不超出《本经》所述的主治范围。《名医别录》称其为天地间的至神之物，能化解七十二种石头。抱朴子也说：“它能溶解柔软的五金，化解七十二种石头。”由此可知之前的错简情况。与硫黄同用时，即配合阴阳二气，均匀调节阴阳，具有升降水火的功效，治疗冷、热、缓、急等病症。大概硫黄性暖而通利，其性下行；硝石性暖而发散，其性上行，一升一降，这是制方的奥妙所在。
（砂）味咸、苦、辛，性热，有毒。用醋煮干，刮下使用。产自番禺的质量较好。畏惧酸浆水，忌食羊血。中毒者，生绿豆研成汁大量饮用以解毒。
发明：砂大热，是卤液凝结而成，秉承阴毒之气，蕴含阳毒之精，在破除积滞、攻坚散结方面没有能超过它的。因此能治疗噎膈反胃、积块肉症。其性能使金银变软，所以焊接药材时使用它。所说的能将人心化为血，是夸张地形容其作用迅速猛烈。外用治疗恶肉、去除疣赘、清除鼻中息肉最为快捷。但不可过量使用，一旦用过，立即用甘草汤清洗。观察发现，如果是伪制的金银，投入砂罐中，都能被消解掉，何况人腹中有久积的死胎，岂能不腐溃。但其性质毒烈，如果病人还有生机，千万不要轻易尝试。
又名蓬砂
发明：蓬砂味甘微咸，气温色白且质地轻。能去除胸膈上焦的实热。《素问》说：“热邪蕴结于内，用咸寒之品治疗，并用甘味药缓和它”，说的就是这种情况。其性能使五金变软并去除污垢油腻。因此主治痰嗽、喉痹。破除症结、治疗噎膈积聚、骨鲠、结核、恶肉，是取其能使物体变软的特性。含服使其融化咽下津液，治疗喉中肿痛、膈上痰热，是取其能消散肿结的作用。眼目障翳、口齿各类疾病使用它，是取其能涤除污垢的作用。古人治疗骨鲠，百计之下无法吞下，取含服咽汁，顿时如常，这就是软坚作用的征象。
Is Yanxiao (Saltpeter, Natrii Sulfas), acrid, bitter, salty, warm in nature, and toxic. Melt it and add Licorice Root (Gancao) until crystallization is fixed, then take for use.
The *Shennong Benjing* states it treats a hundred diseases, eliminates cold-heat pathogenic factors, drives out accumulations, consolidations, and lingering masses in the six fu organs, and can dissolve seventy-two types of stones. (Various pharmacopoeias have misplaced this text under the entry for Puxiao [Mirabilite], but considering the ability to dissolve seventy-two types of stones, could Puxiao really achieve this?)
Innovation: Yanxiao belongs to Fire; its nature ascends. It can break up stagnation and dissipate hardness, treating various diseases characterized by mixed cold and heat; it ascends and disperses constrained fire in the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), harmonizes deficiency-cold of the zang-fu organs, eliminates cold-heat pathogenic factors, and drives out accumulated heat in the six fu organs. These effects do not exceed the indications described in the *Benjing*. The *Bielu* describes it as a supreme spiritual substance of heaven and earth that can dissolve seventy-two types of stones. Baopuzi also stated: "It can soften the five metals and dissolve seventy-two types of stones." This confirms the earlier textual misplacement. When used with Liuhuang (Sulfur), it pairs the two qi of Yin and Yang, evenly regulates Yin and Yang, and possesses the function of ascending and descending Water and Fire, treating diseases of cold, heat, slackness, and urgency. Generally, Liuhuang is warm and promoting movement, with a descending nature; Xiaoshi (Niter) is warm and dispersing, with an ascending nature. One ascends and one descends; this is the subtlety of prescription formulation.
(Sha) salty, bitter, acrid, hot in nature, and toxic. Boil with Vinegar until dry, scrape off the residue for use. Those from Panyu are superior. It fears sour plant water and avoids sheep blood. For poisoning, grind fresh Green Bean (Lüdou) into juice and drink freely to detoxify.
Innovation: Sha is extremely hot, formed from the crystallization of brine. It inherits the qi of Yin toxicity and contains the essence of Yang toxicity. In breaking up stagnation and attacking hardness, nothing surpasses it. Therefore, it treats dysphagia (Yege) and regurgitation, mass formations, and meat-like syndromes. Its property can soften gold and silver, so it is used in welding medicinal materials. The statement that it can transform the human heart into blood is an exaggeration to describe its rapid and potent action. Externally, it treats malignant flesh, removes warts, and clears nasal polyps most swiftly. However, it must not be overused; if used, wash immediately with Licorice Decoction. Observing that fake gold and silver can be dissolved when placed in a Sha pot, how much more so would long-standing dead fetuses in the human abdomen rot and disintegrate? But since its nature is toxic and fierce, if there is still vitality, do not test it lightly.
Also known as Pengsha
Sweet, slightly salty, non-toxic. Dissolve in Licorice Decoction, stir-fry over low heat until loose, then use.
Innovation: Pengsha is sweet and slightly salty, warm in temperature, white in color, and light in texture. It can clear excess heat in the chest, diaphragm, and Upper Jiao. The *Suwen* states: "When heat dominates internally, treat with salty-cold substances, using sweet flavors to moderate them," which applies here. Its property can soften the five metals and remove dirt and grease. Therefore, it primarily treats phlegm-cough and throat obstruction (Houbi). Breaking up nodules, treating dysphagia, accumulations, fishbones stuck in the throat, tubercles, and malignant flesh, it relies on its ability to soften objects. Holding it in the mouth to melt and swallow saliva treats swelling and pain in the throat and phlegm-heat above the diaphragm, relying on its ability to dissipate swelling. For eye opacities and various dental diseases, it is used for its ability to cleanse dirt. In ancient times, when treating fishbones stuck in the throat that could not be swallowed despite hundreds of attempts, holding it in the mouth and swallowing the juice resulted in immediate relief; this is evidence of its softening-hardness effect.