苦咸寒，小毒。竹之余气所结，皮黑肉白者良。入药泡用，赤黑色者杀人。
《本经》杀三虫，逐毒瓦斯胃中热，利丈夫不利女子。
发明 雷丸功专杀虫，杨 得异疾，每发语则腹中有小声，渐渐声大，有道士曰，此
应声虫也。但读《本草》取不应者治之，读至雷丸不应，遂顿服数粒而愈，此追虫下积之验
也。《本经》称其利丈夫，《别录》云久服阴痿，似乎相反，不知利者疏利之也。疏利太过
则闭藏失职，故阴痿也。《千金》治小儿伤寒，不能服药。治方中恒用之，取其逐毒瓦斯之功
也。
苦甘平无毒。
《本经》主腰痛，小儿背强，痈肿，充饥肤，坚发齿，长须眉，安胎。
发明 寄生得桑之余气而生，性专祛风、逐湿、通调血脉。故《本经》取治妇人腰痛、
小儿背强等病，血脉通调而肌肤眉发皆受其荫，即有痈肿，亦得消散矣。古圣触物取象，以
其寓形榕木，与子受母气无异，故为安胎圣药。《别录》言去女子崩中产后余疾，亦是去风
除湿益血补阴之验。惟西蜀、南粤不经饲蚕之地始有，故真者绝少，今世皆榕树枝赝充，慎
勿误用，其真者绝不易得。故古方此味之下有云，如无以续断代之，于此可以想象其功用也
。
苦甘平无毒。
《本经》治 怒邪气，止虚汗头风，女子阴寒肿痛。
发明 松萝是松上女萝，又名兔丝，能平肝怒，去寒热邪气。其去头风、止虚汗者，本
乎天者亲上也。《别录》疗痰热温疟，可为吐汤利水道，故《肘后方》同瓜蒂、杜蘅酒渍再
宿，且饮一合，取吐胸中痰热头痛。《千金方》同瓜蒂、恒山、甘草，水酒和煎，取吐胸膈
痰癖，以其轻清上涌，故吐药用之。
苦，咸，寒，有小毒。这是竹子剩余之气凝结而成的产物，外皮黑色、内部肉质白色的品质较好。入药时需经过浸泡处理，如果是赤黑色的则有毒，会致人死亡。
《神农本草经》记载其能杀灭三虫（蛔虫、蛲虫、绦虫），驱除胃中的毒热之气，对男子有利，但对女子不利。
【发明】雷丸的功效专门在于杀虫。杨得患有怪病，每次发作说话时，腹中就有小声，声音渐渐变大。有位道士说：“这是应声虫。”建议只读《本草》中的药名，选取读了之后虫不应声的药物来治疗。读到“雷丸”时虫没有反应，于是立刻服用几粒就痊愈了，这是驱逐寄生虫、消除积滞的验证。《神农本草经》称其“利丈夫”，《名医别录》却说久服会导致阳痿，这看似相反，其实不然。“利”指的是疏泄通利。如果疏利太过，导致闭藏功能失职，所以会出现阳痿。《千金方》治疗小儿伤寒，因小儿无法服药，在治疗方剂中常使用雷丸，是取其驱除毒热之气的功效。
甘，平，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载其主治腰痛，小儿背部僵硬，痈肿，使肌肤丰满，坚固头发牙齿，促进胡须眉毛生长，安胎。
【发明】桑寄生依附于桑树剩余的生气而生，药性专门用于祛风、除湿、疏通调理血脉。因此，《神农本草经》取它治疗妇人腰痛、小儿背部僵硬等疾病，血脉通畅调理后，肌肤、眉毛和头发都受到它的荫庇受益，即使有痈肿，也能得以消散。古代圣人通过观察事物取象比类，因为桑寄生寄居在榕木等树木上，如同胎儿接受母体气息一样，所以它是安胎的圣药。《名医别录》说它能去除女子崩漏及产后余疾，这也是它祛风除湿、益血补阴功效的体现。只有在西蜀、南粤这些不适宜养蚕的地方才有生长，所以真正的桑寄生极少，现在市面上都是用榕树枝冒充的，千万不要误用，真正的桑寄生极难得到。所以古方中提到此药时说，如果没有桑寄生，可以用续断代替，从这里可以想象到它的功用。
苦，甘，平，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载其治疗肝气郁结产生的邪气，止虚汗、头风，以及女子外阴寒冷肿痛。
【发明】松萝是生长在松树上的女萝，又名兔丝，能够平抑肝气愤怒，去除寒热邪气。它去除头风、止住虚汗的原理，在于其性质轻清，与天相通（本乎天者亲上也）。《名医别录》记载它治疗痰热温疟，可以作为催吐汤剂并通利水道，所以《肘后备急方》中将其与瓜蒂、杜蘅一起用酒浸泡过夜，饮用一合（容量单位），以取出胸中的痰热和头痛。《千金方》中将其与瓜蒂、恒山、甘草一起，用水和酒混合煎煮，以取出胸膈间的痰癖积聚，因为它药性轻清且作用趋向向上涌吐，所以催吐药方中使用它。
Bitter, salty, cold, with slight toxicity. It is formed from the residual qi of bamboo; those with black skin and white flesh are of good quality. For medicinal use, it must be soaked; those that are red-black are poisonous and can cause death.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states that it kills three types of parasites (roundworms, pinworms, and tapeworms), expels toxic heat in the stomach, benefits men but does not benefit women.
[Invention] Leiwuan (Omphalia lapidescens) specializes in killing parasites. Yang De suffered from a strange illness; whenever he spoke during an attack, there was a faint sound in his abdomen that gradually grew louder. A Daoist priest said, "This is the Echoing Worm." He advised reading through the *Bencao* (Materia Medica) to find a herb name that elicited no response from the worm, and using that for treatment. When reading "Leiwuan," the worm did not respond, so he immediately took several pills and was cured. This is evidence of its ability to drive out worms and eliminate accumulation. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* claims it "benefits men," while the *Bielu* (Additional Records by Masters of Medicine) states that long-term use causes impotence. These seem contradictory, but they are not. "Benefit" here refers to draining and purging. If draining and purging are excessive, the function of closure and storage fails, leading to impotence. In *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), used for pediatric typhoid fever where children cannot take medicine, it is frequently included in formulas to leverage its ability to expel toxic heat.
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats lower back pain, stiffness in the back of children, carbuncles and swellings, plumps the skin, strengthens hair and teeth, promotes the growth of beard and eyebrows, and calms the fetus.
[Invention] Sangjisheng (Taxillus chinensis) grows by absorbing the residual qi of the mulberry tree. Its nature specializes in dispelling wind, driving out dampness, and regulating blood vessels. Therefore, the *Shennong Bencao Jing* uses it to treat women's lower back pain and children's back stiffness. Once the blood vessels are regulated, the skin, eyebrows, and hair all benefit from its influence; even if carbuncles and swellings exist, they will dissipate. Ancient sages used analogical reasoning based on observed phenomena. Because it resides on trees like banyan or mulberry, similar to how a fetus receives qi from the mother, it is considered a sacred herb for calming the fetus. The *Bielu* mentions it removes metrorrhagia and postpartum residual diseases in women, which is also a verification of its effects in dispelling wind, removing dampness, benefiting blood, and nourishing yin. It is only found in regions like Xishu and Nanyue where silkworms are not raised, so genuine specimens are extremely rare. Nowadays, banyan branches are often used as fakes. Do not misuse them; genuine Sangjisheng is very difficult to obtain. Thus, ancient formulas state: "If Sangjisheng is unavailable, substitute with Xu Duan (Dipsacus)." From this, one can infer its functions.
Bitter, sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it treats evil qi arising from liver anger, stops spontaneous sweating and cephalalgia due to wind, and addresses cold swelling and pain in the female genitals.
[Invention] Songluo (Usnea diffracta) is a lichen growing on pine trees, also known as Tusi. It can pacify liver anger and remove cold-heat evil qi. Its ability to remove cephalalgia due to wind and stop spontaneous sweating stems from its nature being light and clear, connecting with heaven ("Those originating from heaven are close to above"). The *Bielu* records it treating phlegm-heat warm malaria. It can serve as an emetic decoction to promote urination. Therefore, in *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve), it is macerated in wine overnight together with Gualou (Trichosanthes fruit) and Du Heng (Asarum), and one he (a unit of volume) is drunk to induce vomiting, thereby extracting phlegm-heat and cephalalgia from the chest. In *Qianjin Fang*, it is decocted with water and wine together with Gualou, Hengshan (Halloysia), and Gancao (Licorice) to extract phlegm-stagnation from the chest and diaphragm. Because its nature is light, clear, and directs upward to induce vomiting, it is used in emetic prescriptions.