（宋开宝）
【气味】甘温，无毒。
【主治】主小儿五疳，小便白浊，杀虫，疗泻痢。
【核】曰∶出岭南，今闽之邵武，蜀之眉州皆有。生山野及水岸，藤蔓如葛，绕树而上。
叶青绿，如两指头，长二寸许。四五月开花，一簇一二十，葩淡红，轻盈如海棠。作实先黄，
老则紫黑，大类卮子，壳有五棱，中仁如榧，色味如栗，七月采取。久则油黑，不堪用矣。
【 】曰∶华瓣五出，实介五棱，中仁软美，甘润温暄，诚脾脏之委任，具脾腑之体用
者也。故主脾失委任而致五疳，水无承制而作溺浊，胃废体用而生虫蠹及泻痢者。使君子躬
行克尽，执扬苦欲，绥柔脏腑，因以命名。与协味之辛烈而威刑者不相侔也。
（宋开宝）
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主中恶，心腹蛊毒，疰忤鬼气，宿食不消，天行疫瘴，膀胱肾间冷气，攻冲背
膂，妇人血气，小儿腹中诸虫。
【核】曰∶生岭南邕州、容州，今台州、雷州、衡州皆有，以天台者为胜。本似茶而高，
又似樟而矮，皮木亦作樟气，叶微圆而尖，面青背白，状类 。四五月开花细碎，淡黄灰
白。六七月结实似冬青子，生青熟紫，核壳极薄，仁香微苦。根似山芍药，及乌蹄根，色黑
褐。中心作车毂纹，形如连珠者佳。
【 】曰∶乌药气秉阳暄，中纹似毂，而日魄为乌，堪天行，舆地道，诚扶轮佳气也。
故主根身之中，或气或血，或内所因，或外所因，或馨饪之邪，或死厉之属，阴凝留碍，有
妨生气者，仗此阳暄，以之救药。
（据《宋开宝本草》记载）
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】主治小儿五疳病，小便浑浊色白，杀虫，治疗腹泻和痢疾。
【考证】曰：产于岭南地区，如今福建邵武、四川眉州等地也有出产。生长在山野及水岸边，藤蔓像葛藤一样，缠绕树木向上生长。叶片青绿色，形状如两个手指头并拢大小，长约二寸左右。四五月间开花，一簇花有十几二十朵，花瓣淡红色，轻盈姿态如同海棠花。果实先呈黄色，成熟后变为紫黑色，大类同于栀子，外壳有五道棱纹，中间的种仁形状像榧子，颜色和味道都像栗子，七月采收。存放久了则油黑，就不堪使用了。
【按语】曰：花朵五瓣伸出，果实介于五棱之间，中间种仁柔软美味，味甘润而性温煦，确实是脾脏所委任的药材，具备脾腑的体用功能。因此主治因脾失委任而导致的小儿五疳病，因水液失去制约而产生溺浊，以及因胃腑废弛体用而生虫蛀及腹泻痢疾的情况。使君子亲身践行克制尽善之道，秉持发扬苦欲之理，安抚柔顺脏腑，因此以此命名。这与那些味道辛烈、依靠威刑作用的药物不可相提并论。
（据《宋开宝本草》记载）
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治】主治中恶邪气，心腹中的蛊毒，注忤鬼气，宿食不消化，天行疫瘴之气，膀胱与肾之间的冷气攻冲背部脊柱，妇女的气血病症，以及小儿腹中的各种寄生虫。
【考证】曰：生长在岭南邕州、容州，如今台州、雷州、衡州等地都有出产，以天台出产的为优。植株本体似茶树但更高大，又似樟树但更矮小，树皮木质也散发樟树气味，叶片微圆且尖端，正面青色背面白色，形状类似某种植物（原文此处可能有缺字或异体字，依文意译为类似某种植物）。四五月间开出细碎的花朵，颜色为淡黄灰白。六七月结出果实类似冬青子，生时青色熟时紫色，核壳极薄，种仁香气浓郁略带苦味。根部类似山芍药及乌蹄根，颜色黑褐色。中心纹理呈车毂状纹路，形状像连珠串的是佳品。
【按语】曰：乌药禀受阳气温煦之性，中间纹理似车轮毂，而“乌”象征日魄（太阳），能够应对天行疫病，承载地道之德，确实是扶持轮转佳气的良药。因此主治人体躯干之中，无论是气还是血，无论是内因所致，还是外因侵袭，无论是饮食之邪，还是死厉毒气之类，凡阴寒凝滞留碍，妨碍生机运行的情况，都凭借此药的阳温之性来进行救治。
(Song Kaibao Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats the five types of childhood *Gan* syndrome (a chronic wasting disease in children characterized by malnutrition and abdominal distension), cloudy white urine, expels parasites, and treats diarrhea and dysentery.
[Verification] It is stated: Originating from the Lingnan region, it is now also produced in Shaowu, Fujian, and Meizhou, Sichuan. It grows in mountains, wilds, and along water banks; its vines resemble those of kudzu (*Puerariae Lobatae Radix*), climbing up trees. The leaves are greenish-blue, about the size of two fingers, approximately two cun long. Flowers bloom in April and May, in clusters of ten to twenty, pale red petals, light and graceful like crabapple blossoms. The fruit turns yellow first, becoming purple-black when mature, resembling Gardenia jasminoides fruits (*Zhizi*), with a shell having five ridges. The kernel inside resembles that of the Chinese chestnut or Torreya seed (*Feizi*), with color and taste similar to chestnuts. Harvested in July. If stored for too long, it becomes oily and black, rendering it unusable.
[Commentary] It is said: The flower has five petals extending outward, the fruit possesses five ridges, and the inner kernel is soft and delicious, sweet, moist, and warm. It is indeed entrusted to the Spleen organ, embodying the substance and function of the Spleen-Fu. Therefore, it primarily treats the five types of childhood *Gan* syndrome caused by the Spleen failing in its entrusted duties, cloudy urine resulting from Water failing to be controlled, and parasitic infestations as well as diarrhea and dysentery arising from the Stomach's failure in its substance and function. *Qianli guang* (Make Junzi / *Quisqualis Indica*) personally practices restraint and perfection, upholding the principles of bitterness and desire, soothing and softening the Zang-Fu organs, hence its name. It is not comparable to those herbs with pungent and fierce flavors that rely on severe punishment (to dispel pathogens).
(Song Kaibao Materia Medica)
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats sudden evil qi (*Zhong'e*),蛊毒 (*Gu* poison) in the heart and abdomen, *Zhuwu* ghost qi (spiritual afflictions), undigested food retention, epidemic miasma (*Tianxingyizhang*), cold qi between the Bladder and Kidneys attacking the back and spine, women's blood and qi disorders, and various intestinal parasites in children.
[Verification] It is stated: Grows in Yongzhou and Rongzhou in Lingnan; currently produced in Tiantai, Leizhou, and Hengzhou, with those from Tiantai being superior. The plant resembles tea but is taller, and resembles camphor tree but is shorter; the bark and wood also emit a camphor aroma. Leaves are slightly round and pointed, green on the upper surface and white underneath, resembling [missing character/plant]. Small flowers bloom in April and May, pale yellow-grayish white. Fruits appear in June and July, resembling winterberry seeds (*Ilex cornuta*), green when raw and purple when ripe. The nut shell is extremely thin, the kernel fragrant and slightly bitter. Roots resemble wild peony (*Shaoyao*) and *Wuti* root, dark brown in color. The center exhibits wheel-hub-like grain patterns; those shaped like linked pearls are considered best.
[Commentary] It is said: *Yuliao* (Lindera aggregata) inherits warm yang properties, its internal grain resembles a wheel hub, and "Wu" (black/dark) symbolizes the sun's soul, capable of addressing epidemic diseases and carrying earthy virtues. It is truly an excellent herb supporting the rotation of vital qi. Therefore, it primarily treats conditions within the human body—whether involving Qi or Blood, whether due to internal causes, external pathogens, dietary evils, or lethal toxins—wherever Yin stagnation and obstruction hinder the generation of life force. It relies on this warm Yang nature to provide medicinal rescue.