（本经上品）
【气味】辛平，无毒。
【主治】主利水道，杀蛊毒，辟不祥。久服益气，轻身，不老，通神明。
【核】曰∶兰草，香草也。别名都梁香、千金草，即孩儿菊、醒头草也。礼记佩 兰 。
楚辞纫秋兰以为佩。西京杂记载∶汉时池苑，种兰以降神，或杂粉藏书衣中，主辟蠹者，皆
此兰也。出太吴池畔，及溪涧水旁下湿地。荆州记云∶都梁有山，下有水，清浅之中，生兰
草。诗疏云∶郑俗，三月男女秉 于水际，以自祓除者是也。二月宿根再发，紫茎素枝，赤
节绿叶，叶对节生，光泽有岐，嫩时可 ，可佩。八九月渐老，枝头成穗，作花红白，状似
鸡苏，久之花瓣转白，绒裂如球，球中有子一粒，绒着子上，色黑，味苦，臭香气烈，即千
金花也。一种山兰，即兰草之生山中者，茎叶花实都同，但山泽有分，功用亦异。与泽兰同
类异种，故兰草名大泽兰，泽兰名小泽兰，二种皆生水旁。但泽兰茎方节短，叶上有涩毛，
气味俱疏淡，功用则迥别矣。近世之所谓兰，非古之所谓兰草。兰生山谷，叶如麦冬而稍长，
四季长青，不畏霜雪，迎春开花，花出根底，一干一朵，亦有一干数朵者，小兰也。若生闽
、广，叶似菅茅而稍短，四季长青，畏霜雪，及春风。入夏开花，花出根底，一干数朵，亦
有一干一朵者，秋兰也。朱子离骚辨证云∶古之香草，花叶俱香，燥湿不变，今之兰类，花
萼虽香，干则腐臭，叶又不香，不识何时以幽兰误兰草也。方虚谷订兰说云∶古之所谓兰，
即今之孩儿菊，千金草。今之所谓兰，其叶如茅，根名土续断，花萼馥郁，故得兰名。杨升
庵云∶世以蒲宣者为兰，九畹之受诬久矣。吴草庐兰说云∶兰草有枝有茎，草之植者也。幽
兰无枝无茎，草之芳者也。因山谷称之，置之座右，世遂谬指为离骚所称之兰以此。
【 】曰∶臭香，味辛，气化中药也。故主益气，利水道。经云∶膀胱者，州都之官，
津液藏焉，气化则能出矣。
故兰，阑也，泛阑流离也。又兰，阑也。阑辟不祥也。主杀蛊毒，
通神明，令轻身不老也。花即千金花，苗即千金草，以花煮酒，臭类木香，苦甚黄连。用治
滞痢，获效颇捷，正阑辟不祥，利水道，宣气四达之功耳。
【本经上品】
【气味】辛平，无毒。
【主治】主要通利水道，杀灭蛊毒，辟除不祥之气。长期服用能补益元气，使身体轻健，延缓衰老，通达神明。
【核】曰：兰草是香草。别名都梁香、千金草，也就是孩儿菊、醒头草。《礼记》中有佩戴兰草的记载。《楚辞》中说将秋兰编织成饰物佩戴在身上。《西京杂记》记载：汉代池苑中种植兰草以招降神灵，或者将兰草夹在粉或书衣中，主要用来防止蛀虫，这些都是这种兰草。它出产于太吴池畔以及溪涧水边的低湿之地。《荆州记》说：都梁山有水流经过，清澈浅显的水中生长着兰草。《诗疏》说：郑地风俗，三月时男女在水边手持兰草，以此自我洁净驱邪，说的就是这种情况。二月宿根再次发芽，紫茎白枝，赤节绿叶，叶子对生在节上，光泽且有分叉，嫩时可以食用，也可以佩戴。八九月逐渐老化，枝头结成穗状，开出红白色的花，形状像鸡苏（唇形科植物），时间久了花瓣转白，绒毛裂开如球状，球中有一粒种子，绒毛附着在种子上，颜色黑，味道苦，气味芳香猛烈，这就是千金花。一种山兰，就是生长在深山中的兰草，茎叶花果都一样，只是山泽环境不同，功用也有差异。它与泽兰同类但不同种，所以兰草被称为大泽兰，泽兰被称为小泽兰，两种都生长在水边。但泽兰茎方形节短，叶上有涩毛，气味都比较疏淡，功用则截然不同了。近代所谓的兰，不是古代所谓的兰草。兰生长在山谷中，叶子像麦冬但稍长，四季常青，不畏霜雪，迎春开花，花从根部生出，一杆一朵，也有一杆多朵的，这是小兰。如果生长在闽、广地区，叶子像菅茅但稍短，四季常青，畏惧霜雪和春风。入夏开花，花从根部生出，一杆多朵，也有一杆一朵的，这是秋兰。朱熹在《离骚辨证》中说：古代的香草，花叶都香，干燥湿润都不改变气味；现在的兰类，花萼虽然香，干了却腐臭，叶子也不香，不知道什么时候把幽兰误作兰草了。方虚谷在《订兰说》中订正说：古代所谓的兰，就是现在的孩儿菊、千金草。现在所谓的兰，叶子像茅草，根名叫土续断，花萼香气浓郁，所以得到兰的名字。杨升庵说：世人把蒲宣地区的兰当作真正的兰，九畹之兰被诬蔑很久了。吴草庐在《兰说》中说：兰草有枝有茎，是草本植物的代表。幽兰无枝无茎，是草本植物的芬芳者。因为山谷称颂它，把它放在座右，世人就错误地指认为《离骚》中所称的兰草。
【衍】曰：气味香，味辛，气化属于中药范畴。所以能补益元气，通利水道。《内经》说：膀胱是州都之官，津液藏在其中，气化功能正常才能排出尿液。
所以“兰”通“阑”，意为广泛弥漫、流离。又，“兰”通“阑”，意为屏障、辟除不祥之气。主要作用是杀灭蛊毒，通达神明，使人身体轻健、延缓衰老。花就是千金花，苗就是千金草，用花煮酒，气味类似木香，苦味甚于黄连。用于治疗滞痢，效果颇快，正是发挥了其屏障辟除不祥、通利水道、宣通气机达于四方的功效罢了。
[Shangpin (Superior Grade) of the Benjing]
[Flavor and Nature] Acrid, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily promotes the free flow of water passages, eliminates gu poison, and wards off inauspicious influences. Long-term consumption tonifies Qi, lightens the body, delays aging, and facilitates spiritual clarity.
[Analysis] It is stated: Lancao (Orchid Herb) is a fragrant herb. Also known as Duliang Xiang (Duliang Fragrance), Qianjin Cao (Thousand Gold Herb), it is also called Hai'er Ju (Child Chrysanthemum) and Xingtou Cao (Head-Awakening Herb). The *Book of Rites* records wearing Lancao. The *Chu Ci* states "intertwining autumn orchids to wear as ornaments." The *Xijing Zaji* (Miscellaneous Records from the Western Capital) records that in Han dynasty ponds and gardens, orchids were planted to summon spirits, or placed among powder or book covers to prevent insects; these are all this type of Lancao. It grows by the banks of Taiwu Pond and in damp areas beside streams and ravines. The *Jingzhou Ji* says: In Duliang Mountain, there is water flowing beneath; in its clear and shallow currents, Lancao grows. The *Shi Shu* (Commentary on the Book of Songs) states: The custom in Zheng land is that in the third month, men and women hold herbs by the water's edge to purify themselves and ward off evil; this refers to that case. In the second month, perennial roots sprout again; stems are purple with white branches, nodes are red with green leaves, leaves grow opposite at the nodes, glossy and forked; when tender, it can be eaten or worn. By the eighth and ninth months, it gradually ages; tips form spikes, producing red and white flowers resembling Jisu (Perilla); after a long time, petals turn white, filaments split into ball-like shapes containing one seed each; filaments adhere to seeds, which are black and bitter in taste, with a strong aromatic odor; this is the Thousand Gold Flower. A variety called Shanlan (Mountain Orchid) is simply Lancao growing in mountains; stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits are identical, but due to differences between mountain and marsh habitats, their functions differ. It is of the same category but different species from Zelan (Eupatorium Herb); thus Lancao is called Da Zelan (Greater Marsh Orchid), and Zelan is called Xiao Zelan (Lesser Marsh Orchid). Both grow near water. However, Zelan has square stems and short nodes, with rough hairs on leaves, and its flavor and nature are sparse and bland; its functions are completely different. Modern references to "Lan" do not refer to the ancient "Lancao". True Lan grows in valleys, with leaves slightly longer than Maidong (Ophiopogon Root), evergreen throughout four seasons, resistant to frost and snow, blooming in spring; flowers emerge from the base, usually one per stem, sometimes multiple; this is Xiaolan (Small Orchid). If grown in Min and Guang regions, leaves resemble Jiangmao (Imperata Grass) but are shorter, evergreen, yet sensitive to frost, snow, and spring winds; blooms in summer, flowers from the base, multiple or single per stem; this is Qiulan (Autumn Orchid). Zhu Xi in his *Lisao Bianzheng* (Discrimination of the Li Sao) states: Ancient fragrant herbs had fragrant flowers and leaves regardless of dryness or moisture; modern orchid types have fragrant calyces but rot and lose fragrance when dried, and leaves are not fragrant; it is unknown when Youlan (Hidden Orchid) was mistaken for Lancao. Fang Xugu in his *Dinglan Shuo* (Corrective Discourse on Orchids) corrects this: What ancients called Lan is today's Hai'er Ju and Qianjin Cao. What modern people call Lan has leaves like grass, roots named Tuxuduan (Earth Breakbone), and fragrant calyces, hence the name Lan. Yang Shengan states: The world treats Lan from Puxuan as true Lan; the Nine Wan Orchids have been slandered for a long time. Wu Caolu in his *Lan Shuo* (Discourse on Orchids) states: Lancao has branches and stems, representing the planting of herbs. Youlan has no branches or stems, representing the fragrance of herbs. Because Gu Shan praised it and placed it by his writing desk, the world erroneously identifies it as the Lan mentioned in the Li Sao.
[Elaboration] It is stated: The odor is fragrant, the flavor is acrid, and its qi transformation belongs to the middle medicine category. Therefore, it tonifies Qi and promotes the water passages. The Classics state: The Bladder is the official of the provincial capital, storing fluids; only through qi transformation can they be excreted.
Thus, "Lan" connects to "Lan," meaning widespread diffusion and dispersion. Again, "Lan" connects to "Lan," meaning barrier or warding off inauspiciousness. Its primary function is eliminating gu poison, facilitating spiritual clarity, and enabling a light body and delayed aging. The flower is the Thousand Gold Flower, the seedling is the Thousand Gold Herb; brewing wine with the flower yields an aroma similar to Muxiang (Aucklandia Root) and a bitterness surpassing Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome). Used to treat stagnant dysentery, it achieves rapid results, precisely demonstrating its power to act as a barrier against inauspiciousness, promote water passages, and disseminate Qi to all directions.