别录盖陶隐居就本经而稍广之，所谓衍也。始余因本经立名，而稍得所以敷陈治理之义；
触类兴思，偶窥一斑，载阅别录，业已引而伸之矣。于此粗自信所见之或可与古为徒也。别
录既衍本经，余复敢为别录衍。顾余于隐居，何能为役。虽然，推此志也，使人知别录与本
经非二说，余则幸矣。作别录〔衍〕。
附方〔断〕
在昔贤圣，莫不深皙本经精义入神之奥，是以因病立方，各有深意。顾人之病证虽同，
而所以受病或异，倘按方以合病，合，其幸也；不合，且以病试方矣。故于诸方之次，谬为
之断。俾察证者，更审证之所从来，庶弗至以人侥幸耳。然微茫变动之介，其轻重缓急，有
似是而非，似非而是者。谬在千里，差则毫厘，尤不可不深思而熟讲也。故能精研本经之奥，
则
时
崇祯岁次戊辰季冬八日
钱唐后学卢之颐识
一、本草立名，圣贤各有深意。以德、以性、以色、以味、以体、以用，为品不同，要
使后人顾名思义，即一端而得其大全。如六书之指事会意，八卦之设象通变，原有至理存焉。
古之名家，精识洞彻，未有不深窥本草之奥者，故尝以一种而治多病。自药性有赋，人安苟
简，执一端而遗大全。求其苦心刻意，能深探本草所以立名之义者，累十数百年，而不少概
见矣。则圣贤深意，晦蚀已久。是编不揣，非敢强为傅会。务就一端而求大全，所谓其次致
曲，固曲士之微诚也。
一、是编皆就本草纲目以为阐扬。盖纲目一书，李氏父子，博集精研，近代之笃志本草
者无出其右矣。第良工苦心，惟恐挂漏不无泛爱。盖以后人而推求前人之所未尽，自易为力，
然意在相成，以惠养后世，总欲立欲达之一念也。如有肆然思盖前人之意，则鬼神将呵责之
矣。况是编之未尽实多，千里比肩，端祈指驳。
一、是编所重在 。原夫本经立名居要，其主治亦独挈纲宗。乃后人未达深旨，故隐居
有别录之述，正从纲宗中，再加演畅耳。所以愚窃谓别录为本经之衍也。然愚所以窃重于
者，惟能 本草之真德用，斯于古人立方之意，随病之轻重缓急，而尝变不一处，始堪措手。
今
一、君臣佐使之说，圣有明谟，较若画一，无可移易。然亦借国体喻之，如人主清境内
而授之将，则君且委责于臣矣。顾此适足以彰主之明而成主之重。又如人臣出疆，有利社稷
安国家者，专之可也。此适以见使之不辱，而君之善任耳。凡此皆所以措国于不倾者也。然
则本经立名，虽有定品，苟不精 以妙其时措之宜，亦鲜济矣。
一、药产古今不同。姑以人参言之，相传皆称上党。往时皆用辽之清河，若上党，则绝
无矣。间有朝鲜者颇不适用，今则大率皆鲜产矣。古人用药，取之中原而有余。今多采之遐
方远裔，其近产者绝不足用。至于良 不侔，更宜甄察。然以良较 ，其贾往往倍蓰什百，
是其取效亦必倍蓰什百。世人类多畏良取 ，无力者不必论；奈何有力家，视身之轻也。至
于医者亦苟就之，直欲制梃而挞坚利，愚窃于此，颇三致意。
一、所附诸方，颇有得将在外及大夫出疆之义者。设方与证合，取效甚捷，然取效之后
，尤宜加谨培养，所谓逆取而顺守也。方中不能一一备陈此义，惟精 而严辩之，毋拘毋忽
。
一、先人肆力本草，着有博议，盖没齿无倦也。然于诸款之下，有予有夺，故曰议。其
议或一或二，至于六七，不局局然为定额，故曰博。今亦备列编中，不敢言洲源，聊以明不
贤之识小。至于家授诸方，间亦附见，统公海内。
一、诸说中间引释典。缘先君与王绍隆先生，皆从绍觉法师讲惟识论，因有所悟，愚小
子窃聆绪余，遂知仲景立论之法，暗与惟识相契，且其妙有超于先天者。用是不敢避流俗讥
嫌，略取一二，以俟跃如。
一、药产苟非目击，徒取耳闻，不无尽信书之蔽。即愚数十年来，所睹稍多，盖不俟五
十而知四十九年之非矣。所望高明深心遐览者，有以命之，不妨刊正。
一、愚之 ，囿于知闻，犹之井观已耳。况数千年未抉之奥，岂易备阐。然先儒训诂，
实后儒之藉。惟是异时有因之触发者，获为之藉，其幸大矣。
一、姬公尔雅，专为释名。后之曰翼、曰埤，种种称述，其说始广。是编虽主于顾名思
义，而或翼、或埤，亦妄意窃取云尔。
一、药品虽有德性色味体用之不一，然其要，惟在能妙其用。若识其妙用，斯于升降出
入之法，可以大投，可以轻取，无不如意矣。主治立论，实与内经相表里。愚于 中，颇引
内经者，以此。然有一病而有数药兼用，及可互用者；亦有一病而必赖一药独治者。夫善事
必先利器，固矣。苟器之未习，而徒抱临渊之羡；俾病者、医者，两蒙讥焉。恶乎可。
崇时祯岁次辛未孟夏八日
钱唐后学卢之颐识
《别录》大概是陶弘景在《本经》基础上稍加扩充的，这就是所谓的“衍”（引申、扩展）。起初我依据《本经》确立药名，从而略微领悟到阐述治理药理的含义；触类旁通，偶然窥见一斑，再阅读《别录》，已经将其引用并加以伸张了。在此我对自己的见解或许能与古人比肩有了初步的信心。既然《别录》是对《本经》的延伸，我又怎敢不对《别录》进行延伸呢？但我对于陶隐居（陶弘景），又能做什么仆役般的追随工作呢？虽然如此，推广这种志向，使人们知道《别录》与《本经》并非两种截然不同的学说，我就很幸运了。于是撰写《别录〔衍〕》。
附方〔断〕
从前贤圣之人，无不深刻透彻地理解《本经》的精义及其入神的奥妙，因此因病制定方剂，各有深意。但是人的病证虽然相同，而致病的原因或机理可能不同，如果按照方剂去契合病证，契合了，那是幸运；如果不契合，就是用病人来试验方剂了。所以在各种方剂的次序中，我冒昧地进行了删断和评判。希望考察病证的人，能更审慎地探究病证的来源，这样才不至于让患者侥幸受害。然而细微茫然的变动之间，其轻重缓急，有似是而非、似非而是的情况。谬误相差千里，差错仅毫厘，尤其不可不深思熟虑并详细讨论。所以如果能精研《本经》的奥妙，那么……
崇祯岁次戊辰季冬八日
钱塘后学卢之颐识
一、本草确立药名，圣贤各有深意。根据德、性、色、味、体、用，因品类不同，总要使后人顾名思义，从一端就能得到全貌。就像六书中的指事会意，八卦中的设象通变，原本就存有至理。古代名家，见识精辟透彻，没有不深入窥探本草奥妙的，所以曾用一种药治疗多种疾病。自从药性赋流传后，人们安于苟且简便，执着于一端而遗漏了全貌。寻求那种苦心刻意、能深入探求本草立名含义的人，历经数十百年，却很少见到。那么圣贤的深意，晦暗蒙蔽已久。这部书不自量力，不敢强行牵强附会。务必从一端求得全貌，这可以说是“其次致曲”（从局部细微处入手），固然是浅陋之士的微诚。
一、本书都是就《本草纲目》进行阐发弘扬。《纲目》一书，李时珍父子广泛收集精心研究，近代专心致力于本草的人没有超过他们的。只是良工苦心，唯恐挂漏，不免有泛爱之嫌。因为以后人身份去推求前人未尽之处，自然容易做到，但意在相辅相成，以惠及后世，总归是希望立己达人的一念之心。如果有肆意想要掩盖前人意图的想法，鬼神将会呵责他。况且本书未尽之处实在很多，如同千里之外并肩而行，恳请指正驳斥。
一、本书所重在……（原文此处有缺字，推测为“辨”或“审”等动词，结合上下文意为辨别/审视）。原来《本经》确立药名居于重要地位，其主治也单独提纲挈领。然而后人未通达深旨，所以陶隐居才有《别录》的叙述，正是从提纲挈领中，再加演绎阐发罢了。所以我私下认为《别录》是《本经》的延伸。然而我之所以看重……（原文缺字），是因为能……（原文缺字）本草的真德用，这样才能对古人立方之意，随着病证的轻重缓急，而变化不一，才开始能够着手处理。现在……（原文缺字）
一、君臣佐使的说法，圣人已有明确谋略，整齐划一，无可移易。但也借用国家体制来比喻，如君主清静境内而授予将领权力，那么君主要将责任委托给臣下了。但这恰好足以彰显君主的英明并成就君主的尊贵。又如臣子出疆，有利社稷安国家者，可以专断行事。这恰好体现了使者不辱使命，以及君主善于用人。凡此都是为了将国家置于不倒之地。既然如此，《本经》确立药名，虽有定品，如果不精……（原文缺字，推测为“辨”或“审”）以巧妙把握时机措施适宜，也很少能奏效。
一、药物产地古今不同。暂以人参为例，相传都称上党产。过去都用辽东清河产的，至于上党产的，则绝迹了。偶尔有朝鲜产的也很不适用，现在大体都是鲜产的了。古人用药，取之于中原而有余。现在多采自远方边陲，近处的产地几乎不足用。至于品质优劣不等，更应甄别考察。然而比较优良与低劣，价格往往相差数倍甚至百倍，那么疗效也必然相差数倍甚至百倍。世人大多畏惧购买优质药材而选择低劣的，无力者不必说；无奈那些有力之家，却轻视身体生命。至于医生也随顺这种情况，简直是想拿着木棍去敲打坚硬的利器，我对此颇有三番强调之意。
一、所附的各种方剂，颇有得将在外及大夫出疆（独立决断）的意义。假设方剂与病证相合，取效很快，但在取效之后，尤其应当谨慎培养正气，这就是所谓“逆取而顺守”。方中不能一一详尽陈述此义，只有精……（原文缺字）并严格辨析它，不要拘泥也不要忽视。
一、先父致力本草，著有《博议》，大概直到老死都不疲倦。然而在各项条目下，有保留有删减，所以叫“议”。其议论或一次或两次，多达六七次，不拘泥于固定名额，所以叫“博”。现在也全部列在编中，不敢说是渊源，姑且以此表明我不贤而见识浅陋。至于家传的各种方剂，间或也附带出现，统一公之于海内。
一、诸说中间引用佛典。因为先父与王绍隆先生，都跟随绍觉法师讲解《唯识论》，因而有所感悟，我小子私下聆听余绪，于是知道张仲景立论的方法，暗中与唯识宗相契合，而且其妙处超越先天。因此不敢避开流俗的讥讽嫌弃，略取一二，以期待读者跃然领会。
一、药物产地如果不是亲眼目睹，只凭耳闻，不尽会有尽信书的弊病。即使我几十年来，所见稍多，大概不用等到五十岁就知道四十九年的错误了。希望高明者深心远览，给予指教，不妨刊正。
一、我的……（原文缺字，推测为“识”或“见”），局限于知识见闻，犹如井底观天罢了。何况数千年来未发掘的奥妙，岂能完备阐明。然而先儒的训诂，确实是后儒的凭借。只是异日如果有因之触发者，获得作为凭借，那幸运就大了。
一、周公的《尔雅》，专门解释名称。后来的书称为《翼》、《埤》，种种称述，说法才广泛。本书虽然主张顾名思义，但也或作补充、或作增益，也是妄意窃取这些方法罢了。
一、药品虽然有德性色味体用的不同，但其关键，只在能巧妙运用。如果认识其妙用，那么在升降出入的方法上，可以大剂量投用，也可以轻取，无不如意。主治立论，实际上与《内经》互为表里。我在……（原文缺字，推测为“本书”或“文中”）中，颇引《内经》，就是因为这个原因。然而有一种病而有几种药兼用，以及可以互换使用的；也有有一种病而必须依赖一种药单独治疗的。善于做事必须先锋利器具，这是肯定的。如果器具尚未熟练，却徒抱临渊羡鱼之情；使患者、医者，都蒙受讥笑，怎么可以呢？
崇祯岁次辛未孟夏八日
钱塘后学卢之颐识
"Bi Lu" (Supplementary Records) was likely slightly expanded by Tao Hongjing based on the "Ben Jing" (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), which is what is meant by "Yan" (extension). Initially, I established drug names based on the "Ben Jing" and gradually grasped the meaning of expounding upon their governance principles; by analogy, I occasionally caught a glimpse of the whole from a part. Upon reading the "Bi Lu", I had already cited and extended it. At this point, I have a preliminary confidence that my insights might allow me to keep pace with the ancients. Since the "Bi Lu" extends the "Ben Jing", how dare I not extend the "Bi Lu"? However, what service can I render to Tao Hongjing? Nevertheless, promoting this aspiration, so that people understand that the "Bi Lu" and the "Ben Jing" are not two separate doctrines, would be my great fortune. Thus, I composed "Bi Lu [Yan]".
Attached Formulas [Duan]
In ancient times, sages and worthies deeply penetrated the profound essence and spiritual mysteries of the "Ben Jing". Therefore, they formulated prescriptions according to diseases, each carrying deep significance. Although patients may present with similar symptoms, the underlying causes or mechanisms of disease may differ. If one applies a prescription to match the disease and it fits, that is fortunate; if it does not fit, the patient becomes a test subject for the prescription. Hence, in the sequence of various formulas, I have presumptuously made cuts and judgments. May those examining syndromes scrutinize the origin of the syndrome more carefully, so as not to leave patients to chance. However, within subtle and shifting variations, the severity and urgency may appear correct yet be incorrect, or incorrect yet appear correct. An error of a thousand miles may stem from a discrepancy of a hair's breadth; thus, deep reflection and detailed discussion are indispensable. Therefore, if one can meticulously study the mysteries of the "Ben Jing", then...
On the eighth day of the last month of the Wuchen year of the Chongzhen reign
Lu Zhiyi, junior scholar of Qiantang, recorded.
1. The establishment of drug names in Materia Medica carries profound meanings intended by sages and worthies. Based on virtue, nature, color, flavor, body, and function, different categories require that later generations, by contemplating the name, may derive the comprehensive picture from a single aspect. This is akin to ideograms and compound ideographs in the Six Scripts, or setting images and understanding changes in the Eight Trigrams, where ultimate principles reside. Ancient masters possessed keen insight and thorough understanding, none failing to deeply probe the mysteries of Materia Medica; thus, they could use one drug to treat multiple diseases. Since the circulation of the *Yao Xing Fu* (Ode to Drug Properties), people have become complacent with simplicity, focusing on one aspect while neglecting the whole. It has taken hundreds of years to find someone who painstakingly explores the rationale behind the naming of drugs, yet such instances remain rare. Consequently, the profound intent of the sages has been obscured for a long time. This compilation dares not force forced associations. It strives to derive the whole from one aspect, embodying the principle of "attaining subtlety through partial effort," which is indeed the sincere but humble intention of a limited scholar.
2. This compilation elaborates and promotes the *Ben Cao Gang Mu* (Compendium of Materia Medica). The *Gang Mu*, compiled and studied extensively by Li Shizhen and his father, remains unsurpassed among modern scholars devoted to Materia Medica. However, even skilled craftsmen worry about omissions, leading to indiscriminate inclusion. Seeking to explore what predecessors left unfinished is naturally easier for successors, but the intent is mutual completion to benefit future generations, driven by a desire to establish oneself by helping others. If one arrogantly seeks to overshadow previous intentions, spirits and gods would reprimand such behavior. Moreover, there are many incomplete aspects in this book; like walking shoulder-to-shoulder over a thousand miles, I earnestly request corrections and critiques.
3. The focus of this book lies in... [Text missing]. Originally, the "Ben Jing" establishes drug names as crucial, and its therapeutic indications serve as the main outline. Later generations failed to grasp these deep principles, which is why Tao Hongjing wrote the "Bi Lu," further elaborating on the outline. Therefore, I privately consider the "Bi Lu" an extension of the "Ben Jing." However, I value... [Text missing] because only by... [Text missing] the true virtues and functions of drugs can one adapt to the ancients' intent in formulating prescriptions, varying according to the severity and urgency of the disease, thereby enabling proper application. Now... [Text missing]
4. The theory of Sovereign, Minister, Assistant, and Courier (Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi) follows clear strategies set by sages, consistent and unchangeable. Yet, it borrows metaphors from statecraft: just as a ruler governs internally and delegates authority to generals, entrusting responsibilities to ministers, this highlights the ruler's clarity and dignity. Similarly, when a minister acts outside the borders for the benefit of the state, they may act autonomously. This demonstrates the envoy's integrity and the ruler's ability to appoint wisely. All these measures ensure the stability of the state. Likewise, although the "Ben Jing" defines fixed categories for drugs, without precise... [Text missing] to skillfully adapt to timely circumstances, few treatments will succeed.
5. Drug origins differ between ancient and modern times. Taking Ginseng (*Ren Shen*) as an example, it was traditionally said to come from Shangdang. In the past, Ginseng from Qinghe in Liaodong was used, whereas Shangdang sources were extinct. Occasionally, Korean Ginseng was available but often unsuitable; now, most is produced in Korea. Ancients sourced drugs from the Central Plains with ample supply. Today, drugs are mostly gathered from remote frontiers, while local sources are insufficient. Quality varies greatly, requiring careful discrimination. Comparing high-quality with low-quality drugs, prices may differ by multiples or even hundreds of times, implying corresponding differences in efficacy. Most people fear buying high-quality drugs and choose inferior ones; the poor cannot afford them anyway. Regrettably, wealthy families often undervalue health. Physicians also accommodate this trend, attempting to use blunt tools against hard problems, a situation I emphasize repeatedly.
6. The attached formulas reflect the principle of independent decision-making, akin to generals in the field or diplomats abroad. If a formula matches the syndrome, efficacy is rapid. However, after achieving results, careful nurturing is essential, known as "acquiring through reversal and maintaining through conformity." This principle cannot be fully detailed in every formula; it requires precise... [Text missing] and strict analysis, avoiding both rigidity and negligence.
7. My late father dedicated himself to Materia Medica, authoring *Bo Yi* (Broad Discussions), working tirelessly until death. Under each category, items were added or removed, hence the term "Discussion." The discussions varied from one to six or seven entries, not strictly fixed, hence "Broad." These are included here, not claiming to be the source, but merely showing my limited understanding despite lack of wisdom. Family-prescribed formulas are occasionally appended, shared publicly.
8. Some theories cite Buddhist scriptures. Because my late father and Mr. Wang Shaolong studied the *Vijnaptimatra Sutra* (*Wei Shi Lun*) under Master Shaojue, gaining insights, I overheard fragments and realized that Zhang Zhongjing's theoretical methods align secretly with Vijnaptimatra, surpassing even innate principles. Thus, disregarding世俗 ridicule, I briefly cite a few examples, awaiting insightful readers.
9. Regarding drug origins, relying solely on hearsay without personal observation leads to blind faith in books. Even with my decades of observation, I realize my past errors before reaching fifty. I hope learned individuals will provide guidance for correction.
10. My... [Text missing] is confined to knowledge and hearing, like viewing the sky from a well. How can one fully elucidate mysteries unrevealed for millennia? However, pre-Qin exegesis serves as a foundation for later scholars. If triggered by this foundation in the future, the fortune would be immense.
11. The *Er Ya* by Duke of Zhou specialized in explaining names. Later works titled *Yi* (Wings) and *Pi* (Additions) broadened these explanations. While this book focuses on deriving meaning from names, it also employs supplementary and additive methods, borrowing these concepts freely.
12. Although drugs vary in virtue, nature, color, flavor, body, and function, the key lies in skillful application. Understanding their subtle uses allows for appropriate dosage adjustments—large or small—in accordance with ascending, descending, exiting, and entering principles. Therapeutic theories are closely related to the *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon). I frequently cite the *Nei Jing* in... [Text missing] for this reason. Sometimes one disease requires multiple drugs, interchangeable; other times, one disease relies on a single specific drug. One must sharpen tools before working. Without proficiency, mere envy of experts brings ridicule to both patients and physicians. Is this acceptable?
On the eighth day of the first month of the Xinwei year of the Chongzhen reign
Lu Zhiyi, junior scholar of Qiantang, recorded.