（本经中品）
【气味】辛温，有小毒。
【主治】主温中，下气，止痛，除湿血痹，逐风邪，开腠理，咳逆，寒热，杀三虫。
【核】曰∶所在有之，江浙、蜀汉尤多，闽中者最胜。木高丈许，皮色青绿，枝柔而肥，
叶长而皱，似椿叶，阔浓色紫。三月梢头开红紫色花，七八月结实，累累成簇而无核，嫩时
微黄，熟则深赤。一种粒大，一种粒小，小者入药。修事，去叶梗，每十两，用盐二两，投
四斗东流水中，分作百度洗之，自然无涎，日干之，入丸散者。每十两，用醋一镒，煮三十
沸，后入茱萸，熬干用。蓼实为之使。恶丹参、硝石、白垩，畏紫石英。
【 】曰∶茱者，火胎于木；萸者，乙胎于甲；吴其产也。故主寒中，其进甚锐，除逐
痹闭，其退甚速。开发上焦，宣五谷味，熏肤充身泽毛，若雾露之溉，阳生气分之良剂也。
故气下者自上，咳逆者自平，痹闭成虫者自杀矣。设中热人所当避忌，形寒饮冷者，为效颇
捷。佐以黄连，用治淡阴，两得之矣。
（本经中品）
【气味】咸，微温，无毒。
【主治】主女子赤白漏下，经汁血闭，阴蚀肿痛，寒热，症瘕，无子。
【核】曰∶近海州郡皆有。九月寒乌入水所化，越小满，则形小矣。形若革囊，口在腹
下，八足聚生口旁，无鳞有须，两须如带甚长，设遇风波，即以须下碇，或粘作缆，故名缆
鱼，能吸波
死而啄之，乃卷取入水而食之，因名乌贼，转为乌之贼害也。故腹中血及胆，正黑如墨，可
以书字，但逾年则迹灭，惟存空纸尔。世言乌 怀墨而知礼，谓之海若白事小吏也。外皮亦
黑，内肉则白，背上只有一骨，形如樗蒲子而稍长，两头尖，色洁白，质轻脆，重重有纹，
宛如通草，纹顺者为真，纹横者沙鱼骨也。修事，以血卤作水浸之，并煮一伏时，取出，掘
一土坑，烧通红色，入螵蛸在内，经宿取出，其效加倍也。恶白芨、白蔹、附子，能淡盐，
伏、缩银。
【 】曰∶背骨奇而无枝节，名曰螵蛸，形相似耳。上表坚薄如介，里理轻脆而通，盖
维持者督，阖辟者任也。其口以腹，则其息以胎矣。吸波 墨以自卫者，此即藏精起亟，阳
以阴为用，卫转营为卫耳。主女子赤白漏下经汁者，辟者阖之也。血闭阴蚀肿痛，寒热症瘕
无子者，阖者辟之也。别录诸家，用治男子惊痫、 疟、吐衄、热中、疮脓、痘疹。内经用
治血枯，得之少年时，有所大脱血，或醉以入房，致中气竭，肝血伤，月事衰少，不以时至
者，当病胸胁支满，妨于食，病至则先闻腥臊臭，出清液，先唾血，四肢清，目眩，时时前
后血，病名曰血枯。佐以芦茹，和以雀卵，饮以鲍鱼汁，所以利肠中，及益肝血也，悉属营
任之变眚，故相宜耳。
（月事衰少，在女子即月事不以时下，在男子即精气不以时溢泻矣。）
（《神农本草经》中品）
【气味】味辛，性温，有小毒。
【主治】主要治疗胃寒中焦虚冷，降逆气，止痛，祛除湿血痹阻，驱逐风邪，开泄腠理，治疗咳嗽气逆，寒热往来，杀灭三虫（寄生虫）。
【考证】曰：各地都有出产，江浙、蜀汉地区尤其多，福建产的质量最好。树木高一丈左右，树皮颜色青绿，枝条柔软而肥厚，叶子长且皱缩，像椿树叶，宽阔浓密，颜色紫红。三月梢头开出红紫色花，七八月结果实，成串累累生长但没有硬核，嫩时微黄，成熟后呈深红色。一种颗粒大，一种颗粒小，小的入药。炮制方法，去掉叶梗，每十两药材，用盐二两，投入四斗东流水中，分一百次洗涤它，自然就没有黏液，晒干即可，用于制作丸散剂。每十两药材，用醋一镒，煮三十沸，然后放入吴茱萸，熬干使用。蓼实是它的使药。厌恶丹参、硝石、白垩，畏惧紫石英。
【发明】曰：茱，是火在木中孕育；萸，是乙在甲中孕育；吴是其产地。所以主治中焦寒证，其作用进发非常锐利，清除驱逐痹闭，其消退也非常迅速。开发上焦，宣通五谷的气味，熏蒸肌肤，充实身体，润泽毛发，如同雾露的灌溉，是补益阳气生气分的良剂。所以气逆下行的从上焦解决，咳嗽气逆的自然平复，因痹闭形成的寄生虫自然被杀灭。如果是内热体质的人应当避忌，形体受寒、饮食生冷的人，疗效颇为快捷。配合黄连使用，可以治疗淡阴证，两者相得益彰。
（《神农本草经》中品）
【气味】味咸，微温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗女子赤白带下，经血闭止，阴部腐蚀肿痛，寒热往来，症瘕积聚，不孕。
【考证】曰：近海的州郡都有出产。九月寒乌入水所化生，过了小满节气，形体就变小了。形状像皮囊，口在腹部下面，八只脚聚生在口旁，没有鳞片但有须，两根须带很长，如果遇到风波，就用须下锚，或者粘在一起作为缆绳，所以叫缆鱼，能吸食波浪中的生物而死并啄食它，于是卷取入水而吃，因此名叫乌贼，转为乌的贼害。所以腹中的血和胆，正黑如墨，可以用来写字，但过了一年痕迹就消失了，只留下空纸罢了。世人说乌贼怀墨而知礼，称之为海若的小吏。外皮也是黑的，内肉则是白的，背上只有一根骨头，形状像樗蒲子而稍长，两头尖，颜色洁白，质地轻脆，层层有纹理，宛如通草，纹理顺直的为真品，纹理横斜的是鲨鱼骨。炮制方法，用血卤作水浸泡它，并煮一个时辰，取出，挖一个土坑，烧得通红，把海螵蛸放入其中，经过一夜取出，药效加倍。厌恶白芨、白蔹、附子，能使盐变淡，伏住银，收缩银。
【发明】曰：背上的骨头奇特而没有枝节，名叫螵蛸，形状相似罢了。上面表皮坚硬薄如铠甲，里面纹理轻脆而通达，大概是督脉维持，任脉开阖。它的口在腹部，那么它的呼吸就以胎息为主了。吸食波浪和墨汁以自卫，这就是藏精起亟，阳以阴为用，卫气转营气为卫气的过程。主治女子赤白带下经血的，是辟除邪气通过闭合来实现的。血闭、阴蚀肿痛、寒热、症瘕、不孕的，是闭合通过辟除邪气来实现的。《别录》诸家，用于治疗男子惊痫、疟疾、吐血衄血、热中、疮脓、痘疹。《内经》用于治疗血枯病，得之于少年时，有过大量失血，或者醉酒后行房事，导致中气竭绝，肝血损伤，月经稀少，不能按时来潮，应当出现胸胁支撑胀满，妨碍进食，病发作时先闻到腥臊臭味，流出清液，先唾血，四肢清冷，头晕目眩，时常前后出血，病名叫血枯。配合芦茹，调和雀卵，饮用鲍鱼汁，以此来通利肠道，以及补益肝血，都属于营任二脉的变化灾祸，所以适宜使用。
（月经稀少，在女子就是月经不按时来潮，在男子就是精气不按时溢泻。）
(Ben Jing, Middle Category)
[Flavor and Properties] Acrid, warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold in the middle jiao (Middle Burner), directs rebellious Qi downward, alleviates pain, dispels dampness and blood bi (obstruction), expels wind pathogenic factors, opens the cou li (pores and interstices), treats cough with rebellious Qi, alternating chills and fever, and kills three types of parasites.
[Verification] It says: Available everywhere, especially abundant in Jiangzhe and Shu-Han regions, with those from Fujian being the best quality. The tree is about one zhang high, bark is greenish-blue, branches are soft and plump, leaves are long and wrinkled, resembling Toona leaves, broad and dense, purple-red in color. In March, red-purple flowers bloom at the tips; in July and August, fruits form, clustering densely without hard pits. When young, they are slightly yellow; when ripe, deep red. There are two varieties: large grains and small grains; the small ones are used for medicine. Processing method: remove leaves and stems. For every 10 liang of material, use 2 liang of salt,投 into 4 dou of flowing water from the east, wash it 100 times to naturally remove mucus, then dry in the sun for use in pills and powders. For every 10 liang, use one yi of vinegar, boil for thirty boils, then add the Evodia fruit, and stir-fry until dry. Polygonum persicaria seed is its guiding herb. It is incompatible with Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix), Nux Vomica (Xiaoke Shi), and Kaolin (Baie). It fears Fluorite (Zi Shiy ing).
[Elucidation] It says: Zhu implies fire gestating within wood; Yu implies Yi (Wood) gestating within Jia (Yang Wood); Wu refers to its place of origin. Therefore, it treats cold in the middle jiao; its action advances sharply, clearing and driving out bi obstruction, and recedes rapidly. It develops the upper jiao, disseminates the flavors of the five grains, steams the skin, fills the body, and moistens hair, like mist and dew irrigation. It is an excellent agent for tonifying the Qi of the Yang qi-generating aspect. Thus, descending Qi is resolved from above, rebellious Qi due to cough calms down, and parasites formed by bi obstruction are killed. Those with internal heat should avoid it; however, for those with external cold exposure and cold dietary intake, the effect is quite rapid. Combined with Coptis chinensis Rhizome (Huanglian), it treats Dan Yin syndrome, achieving mutual benefit.
(Ben Jing, Middle Category)
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, slightly warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, genital erosion with swelling and pain, alternating chills and fever, zheng jia (masses), and infertility.
[Verification] It says: Found in coastal prefectures. Transformed from cold crows entering water in September; after the Xiaoman solar term, the shape becomes smaller. Shape resembles a leather bag, mouth located on the underside, eight legs clustered around the mouth, no scales but has tentacles, two tentacles are very long like belts. When encountering waves, it drops anchor using these tentacles or sticks them together as cables, hence called Lan Yu (Cable Fish). It can suck up prey until dead and peck at it, then roll it into water to eat, thus named Wuzei (Black Bird Thief), implying harm to birds. Hence, the blood and gall inside are black as ink, usable for writing, but traces vanish after a year, leaving only empty paper. People say the cuttlefish holds ink and knows propriety, calling it a minor official of Hairuo. The outer skin is black, inner flesh white. There is only one bone on the back, shaped like a Chupu die but slightly longer, pointed at both ends, pure white, light and brittle texture, layered with veins, resembling Akebia stem. Veins running longitudinally indicate authenticity; transverse veins indicate shark bone. Processing method: soak in brine, boil for one shichen (two hours), take out, dig a pit, burn red hot, place the Sepia shell inside, leave overnight, then take out; efficacy doubles. Incompatible with Bletilla striata Tuber (Baiji), Ampelopsis japonica Rhizome (Bailian), and Aconitum carmichaelii Lateral Root (Fuzi). Can desalinate salt, subdue Silver, and shrink Silver.
[Elucidation] It says: The unique back bone without joints is named Piaoxiao, merely similar in shape. The upper surface is hard and thin like armor, inner texture light and brittle, maintained by the Du vessel, opening and closing by the Ren vessel. Its mouth is on the abdomen, so its respiration relies on fetal breathing. Sucking waves and ink for self-defense represents storing essence and rising urgently, where Yang uses Yin, and Wei Qi transforms Ying Qi into Wei Qi. Treating red and white leukorrhea and menstrual blood involves Bi (expelling) through He (closing). Blood stasis, genital erosion, swelling, pain, alternating chills and fever, zheng jia, and infertility involve He (closing) through Bi (expelling). Other texts treat male epilepsy, malaria, hematemesis and epistaxis, internal heat, abscess pus, and chickenpox. Nei Jing treats Xue Ku (Blood Dryness), acquired in youth from massive blood loss or intercourse while drunk, leading to exhaustion of Middle Qi, injury to Liver Blood, scanty menstruation not arriving on time, chest and hypochondriac fullness, difficulty eating, smelling fishy odor before onset, clear fluid discharge, spitting blood first, cold limbs, dizziness, frequent bleeding from front and back, named Xue Ku. Combined with Rubia cordifolia Root (Luru), harmonized with Quail Egg, and drunk with Cuttlefish Ink Juice, to benefit intestines and nourish Liver Blood. All belong to changes and disasters of Ying and Ren vessels, hence suitable.
(Scanty menstruation means irregular menstruation in women, and irregular seminal emission in men.)