（别录上品）
【气味】甘温，无毒。
【主治】主寒热身肿。久服轻身，长年益寿。
【核】曰∶在处有之。藤蔓左缠，绕覆草木上，或篱落间。茎色微紫，对节生叶。叶似
薜荔而青，有涩毛。三四月开花长寸许，垂须倍之，一蒂二花两瓣，大小不齐，若半朵状。
初开蕊瓣俱白；经三日，渐变金黄。新旧交参，黄白掩映，幽香袭人，燥湿不变。花名金银
花、金钗股、老翁须；藤名鸳鸯、鹭鸶、左缠、蜜桶；统名忍冬、通灵草。功相并，形相肖，
色
【 】曰；藤蔓左旋，两花一蒂，两瓣一花，效一阳始于二阴下，震象也。唯能忍冬，
乃得震 ，故主飞尸、遁尸、风尸、沉尸、尸疰。坏我形脏者，振肃而启。若寒热身肿，以
及风湿痹气，鬼击痈疡，失承左道者，使之仍须乎天施。所谓神转不回，回则不转，乃得其
机。此盖益其寿命而强者也。
（别录上品）
芥 茎 叶
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主归鼻，除肾经邪气，利九窍，明耳目，安中。久食温中。
芥 子
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主归鼻，去一切邪恶、疰气、喉痹。
白 芥 子
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主发汗，胸膈痰冷，上气，面目黄赤。醋研，敷射工毒。
【核】曰∶南地多芥。相传岭南无芜菁，土人移种种之，尽变为芥，地土使然耳。今北
地亦多芥，南地亦有芜菁矣。八月布种，冬茂者曰冬芥，春茂者曰春芥，夏尤可食者曰夏芥，
春
味极辛，研调作浆，以侑蔬品，香辣爽人。白芥子稍肥大，色黄白，入药充啖，臭味转胜也
。种类亦多，有青芥，似菘而毛，色青绿，一名刺芥，味极辛；有大芥，叶大而皱，色深绿
，味更辣，俱为药用。有马芥，叶如青芥而无毛；有花芥，叶多缺刻而如菘；有紫芥，茎叶
俱紫而如苏；有石芥，茎繁细碎而低小；有旋芥，叶纹旋绕如大芥；有南芥，高五六尺，子
大如鸡卵。刘恂异物志云∶出岭南，多此芥，此又芥之持异者。白芥，一名胡芥，原从大原
河东来，今近道亦有。但种莳者少。六八月布种，冬月可食。春末起苔，高三四尺，叶花有
叉如花芥，色青白。茎中虚，质极脆，疾风大雪，须谨获之，否则易于损折。三月黄花，香
郁可爱，角子亦如芥，但少肥壮，色黄白耳。又有一种，茎大而中实，子粒更大，虽属芥类
，形色迥别，入药则胜于诸芥也。孙思邈曰∶同兔食，发恶疾；同鲫鱼食，发水肿。大叶者
良，细叶有毛者，食之有损无益耳。
【 】曰∶《农书》云∶气味辛烈，菜中之介然者。食之令人刚介，故字从介。《说文》
云∶芥者，界也。发汗散气， 我者也。左传曰∶介人之宠。楚辞云∶悲江介之遗风。盖人
身一皮，二肤，三肌，四胁，五胸，六腹，七胃，各有定界，邪气入经，漫然难以分裂者，
芥义可以界矣。顾食芥堕泪，望梅生津，此五液之自外至也。愧而汗发，慕而涎垂，此五液
之自内至也。是以芥气归鼻，涕泪交注。经言清阳走上窍，浊阴归下窍。芥则两得之矣。主
治证形，正诸阳之不走上窍，致浊阴之不归下窍耳。所谓阳无界然，我不立而畛畦失矣。
（激朗清厉，随光之介也。牢刺拂戾，诸贲之气也。为此春酒，以介眉寿，神之听之，
介尔
【别录上品】
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗寒热交替及身体浮肿。长期服用可使身体轻盈，延年益寿。
【核析】曰：忍冬在各地都有生长。藤蔓向左缠绕，覆盖在草木之上，或者篱笆之间。茎的颜色微紫，对生节间长出叶子。叶子形状像薜荔但呈青色，表面有涩毛。三四月开花，长约一寸左右，花须垂下加倍长度，一个花蒂开两朵花、两瓣，大小不一，看起来像半朵花的形状。刚开放时花蕊和花瓣都是白色的；经过三天，逐渐变成金黄色。新旧花朵交错参差，黄白相互映衬，幽香袭人，无论干燥还是潮湿都不改变特性。花名为金银花、金钗股、老翁须；藤名为鸳鸯、鹭鸶、左缠、蜜桶；统称忍冬、通灵草。功效相同，形态相似，颜色……
【赞曰】：藤蔓向左旋转，两个花蒂各开两朵花两瓣，效法一阳生于二阴之下，是震卦的象。只有能够忍受冬天，才能得到震卦之德，所以主治飞尸、遁尸、风尸、沉尸、尸疰等病。那些破坏我形体脏腑的病邪，被其振肃而开启化解。至于寒热交替、身体浮肿，以及风湿痹气、鬼击痈疡等因违背天道常理而致的疾病，需要借助天施（自然之力）来恢复。所谓神机运转而不回逆，回逆则不能运转，才能得其生机。这大概是增强寿命且使体质强健的方法。
【别录上品】
芥 茎 叶
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要作用于鼻窍，祛除肾经邪气，通利九窍，明目聪耳，安定中焦。长期食用可温补中焦。
芥 子
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要作用于鼻窍，去除一切邪恶之气、疰气、喉痹。
白 芥 子
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要发汗，治疗胸膈痰冷、上气、面目黄赤。用醋研磨后，外敷治疗射工毒。
【核析】曰：南方多地种植芥菜。相传岭南地区没有芜菁，当地人移植芜菁种子种植，全都变成了芥菜，这是地土环境使然。如今北方也多芥菜，南方也有芜菁了。八月播种，冬季茂盛生长的叫冬芥，春季茂盛生长的叫春芥，夏季尤其可食用的叫夏芥，味道极辛，研磨调和成浆，用来佐餐蔬菜，香辣爽口。白芥子稍肥大，颜色黄白，入药或食用，臭味更胜一筹。种类也很多，有青芥，形状像菘菜但有毛，颜色青绿，一名刺芥，味道极辛；有大芥，叶子大而皱，颜色深绿，味道更辣，都可供药用。有马芥，叶子像青芥但没有毛；有花芥，叶子多有缺刻且像菘菜；有紫芥，茎叶都呈紫色且像苏草；有石芥，茎繁密细碎且低矮；有旋芥，叶纹旋绕像大芥；有南芥，高五六尺，种子大如鸡卵。刘恂《异物志》说：产于岭南，多为此类芥菜，这又是芥菜中特异的一种。白芥，又名胡芥，原从太原河东传来，现在近道也有。但种植的人少。六八月播种，冬季可食用。春末抽苔，高三四尺，叶花有分叉如花芥，颜色青白。茎中空，质地极脆，大风大雪时要小心收获，否则容易折断。三月开黄花，香气浓郁可爱，角果也像芥菜，只是不够肥壮，颜色黄白罢了。又有一种，茎大且中间实心，种子粒更大，虽然属于芥类，形色截然不同，入药则胜过各种芥菜。孙思邈说：与兔肉同食，会引发恶疾；与鲫鱼同食，会引发水肿。叶子大的好，叶子细且有毛的，食用有害无益。
【赞曰】：《农书》说：气味辛烈，是蔬菜中耿介的一类。食用它使人变得刚强耿介，所以“芥”字从“介”。《说文解字》说：芥，就是界的意思。发散汗液、耗散气机，是我（芥）的特性。《左传》说：介入他人的宠幸。《楚辞》说：悲叹江介的遗风。大概人身有一皮、二肤、三肌、四胁、五胸、六腹、七胃，各有固定的界限，邪气侵入经脉，弥漫开来难以分割时，芥的“界”义就可以发挥作用了。况且吃芥菜流泪，望梅生津，这是五液从外部引发的。羞愧而出汗，羡慕而流涎，这是五液从内部引发的。因此芥气归于鼻窍，涕泪交相灌注。经文说清阳走上窍，浊阴归下窍。芥菜两者兼得。主治证候形态，正是针对诸阳不走上窍，导致浊阴不归下窍的情况。所谓阳气如果没有界限，我不确立，那么畛畦（界限）就失去了。
（激朗清厉，随光之介也。牢刺拂戾，诸贲之气也。为此春酒，以介眉寿，神之听之，介尔）
(Recorded in the Upper Grade of Bie Lu)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats alternating chills and fever, as well as edema. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prolongs life, and increases longevity.
[Analysis] Says: It grows everywhere. The vines twist to the left, covering trees and grass, or fences. The stems are slightly purple, with leaves growing opposite each other at the nodes. The leaves resemble those of Ficus pumila (Creeping Fig) but are green, with coarse hairs. Flowers bloom in March and April, about one cun long, with hanging filaments twice that length. One pedicel bears two flowers, each with two petals, varying in size, resembling half a flower. When initially blooming, the stamens and petals are white; after three days, they gradually turn golden yellow. Old and new flowers intermingle, yellow and white reflecting each other, emitting a subtle fragrance, unchanged by dryness or humidity. The flower is named Jinyinhua (Honeysuckle), Jinchaigu (Gold Hairpin), Laowengxu (Old Man's Beard); the vine is named Yuanyang (Mandarin Duck), Lusi (Egret), Zuochan (Left Twisting), Mitong (Honey Bucket); collectively known as Rendong (Enduring Winter), Tonglingcao (Spiritual Grass). Their functions are identical, forms similar, colors...
[Eulogy]: The vines twist to the left, two pedicels each bearing two flowers with two petals, imitating the generation of Yang from Yin below, representing the Zhen trigram (Thunder). Only by enduring winter can one obtain the virtue of Zhen, thus treating Feishi (Flying Corpse), Dunshi (Escaping Corpse), Fengshi (Wind Corpse), Chenshi (Sinking Corpse), Shizhu (Corpse Transmission). Pathogens that damage my form and zang organs are shaken off and resolved. As for alternating chills and fever, edema, wind-damp bi syndrome, Guiji (Ghost Strike) sores and ulcers, and diseases caused by deviating from the Left Way (Dao), restoration requires reliance on Heaven's bestowal (natural forces). It is said that the Shen mechanism turns without returning; if it returns, it does not turn, thus losing its opportunity. This likely enhances lifespan and strengthens the constitution.
(Recorded in the Upper Grade of Bie Lu)
Jie (Mustard) Stems and Leaves
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily affects the nose, expels pathogenic factors from the Kidney meridian, unblocks the nine orifices, brightens eyes and improves hearing, and stabilizes the Middle Jiao. Long-term consumption warms the Middle Jiao.
Jie Seeds
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily affects the nose, removes all evil qi, Zhu qi (infectious/pestilential qi), and throat obstruction (Houbi).
White Jie Seeds (Baijiezi)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily induces sweating, treats cold-phlegm in the chest and diaphragm, rebellious Qi, and yellow-red complexion. Ground with vinegar and applied externally to treat Shegong toxicity (firefly larva toxin).
[Analysis] Says: Mustard is widely grown in the South. It is said that Lingnan originally had no Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (Wujing), but locals transplanted Wujing seeds, which all turned into mustard due to the local soil and climate. Now, mustard is also common in the North, and Wujing exists in the South. Sown in August, those thriving in winter are called Dongjie (Winter Mustard), those in spring are Chunjie (Spring Mustard), and those particularly edible in summer are Xiajie (Summer Mustard). The flavor is extremely pungent; ground and mixed into paste, it serves as a vegetable condiment, spicy and refreshing. Baijiezi is slightly plumper, yellowish-white, and when used medicinally or eaten, has a stronger odor. There are many varieties: Qingjie (Green Mustard) resembles Songcai (Chinese Cabbage) but has hairs, is green, also called Cijie (Thorny Mustard), extremely pungent; Dajie (Large Mustard) has large, wrinkled, dark green leaves, even spicier, both used medicinally. Majie (Horse Mustard) has leaves like Qingjie but hairless; Huajie (Flowering Mustard) has lobed leaves resembling Songcai; Zijie (Purple Mustard) has purple stems and leaves like Suzi (Perilla); Shijie (Stone Mustard) has dense, fine, low-growing stems; Xuanjie (Swirling Mustard) has leaves with swirling patterns like Dajie; Nanjie (Southern Mustard) grows 5-6 chi tall, with seeds as large as chicken eggs. Liu Xun's "Yiwuzhi" states: Produced in Lingnan, this variety is abundant, making it a unique type of mustard. Baijie, also called Hujie (Hu Mustard), originally came from Hedong in Taiyuan, and is now found near roads, though few cultivate it. Sown in June-August, edible in winter. In late spring, it bolts to 3-4 chi high, with leaves and flowers branching like Huajie, pale green. The stem is hollow, very brittle; harvest carefully during strong winds and heavy snow to avoid breakage. Blooms yellow flowers in March, fragrant and lovely; pods resemble mustard but are less plump, yellowish-white. Another variety has thick, solid stems and larger seeds; although belonging to the mustard family, its appearance differs significantly, yet it surpasses other mustards in medicinal efficacy. Sun Simiao said: Consumed with rabbit meat, it causes malignant diseases; consumed with crucian carp, it causes edema. Large-leaved varieties are superior; fine-leaved, hairy varieties are harmful rather than beneficial.
[Eulogy]: "Nongshu" states: The flavor is pungent and fierce, the most 'jie' (upright/stubborn) among vegetables. Eating it makes people upright and principled, hence the character 'Jie' derives from 'Jie' (boundary/upright). "Shuowen Jiezi" says: Jie means boundary. It disperses sweat and scatters Qi, establishing boundaries. "Zuo Zhuan" says: Intervening in others' favor. "Chu Ci" laments: The legacy of Jiangjie. Essentially, the human body has layers: skin, flesh, muscle, ribs, chest, abdomen, stomach, each with fixed boundaries. When pathogenic factors enter the meridians and spread diffusely, difficult to separate, the meaning of 'Jie' (boundary) applies. Moreover, eating mustard brings tears, thinking of plum generates saliva; these are the five fluids arising from external stimuli. Shame induces sweat, longing produces saliva; these are the five fluids arising from internal stimuli. Thus, Jie Qi enters the nose, causing tears and mucus to flow. The classics state: Clear Yang ascends to the upper orifices, turbid Yin descends to the lower orifices. Jie achieves both. Its indications address conditions where Yang fails to ascend to the upper orifices, leading to Yin failing to descend to the lower orifices. If Yang lacks boundaries, and I do not establish them, the fields and ditches (boundaries) are lost.
(Intense and clear, following the light's boundary. Firm and piercing, the Qi of various decorations. Making this spring wine, to mediate longevity, the Spirit hears it, granting you...)