（本经下品）
【气味】辛，微温，有小毒。
【主治】主胸胁痛如刀刺，腹满，肠鸣幽幽，惊恐悸气。
【核】曰∶出蒿山山谷，及冤句，今在处有之。二三月生苗，茎如笔管，高尺余，紫赤
色，叶如杏，及人参、荠 辈，但杏叶圆，桔梗叶长，人参叶两两相对，桔梗叶三四相对，
亦有不对者。荠 叶下光明，滑泽无毛；桔梗叶下暗涩，有毛为异。夏开小花，紫碧色，颇
似牵牛花。秋后结实，根外白中黄，有心味苦。若无心味甜者，荠 也。关中一种，茎细色
青，叶小似菊，根黄似蜀葵根者，亦可入药。又一种木桔梗，根形真相似，只是咬之腥涩不
堪啖，不为药用。修事，去头上硬尖二三分，并两畔附枝。槐砧上细锉，用生百合捣膏，投
水中浸一伏时，取出，缓火熬干。每桔梗四两，用百合二两五钱。节皮为之使。畏白芨、龙
胆草，忌猪肉。得牡蛎、远志，疗恚怒。和硝石、石膏，解伤寒。其 味，白粥解之。但节
皮不知为何物也。
【 】曰∶桔梗，如桔槔之梗，倾则仆，满则立，载上载下，其冯以枢，合入少阳少阴
枢药也。雷公制以百合，此筑梗基；玉涵佐以甘草，此炼梗已，基筑已炼，上下乃察也。胸
胁为少阳部署，故主胸胁痛如刀刺，若腹满肠鸣幽幽悸气，此上下不察，惊则载上不下，恐
则载下不上，皆枢象也。千金用治喉痹咽痛，此则少阴部署，亦少阴枢象耳。
【本草经·下品】
【气味】味辛，性微温，有小毒。
【主治】主要治疗胸胁疼痛如刀刺般，腹部胀满，肠鸣音低沉，以及惊恐、心悸等气机紊乱症状。
【考证】曰：桔梗产于蒿山山谷及冤句等地，如今各地都有生长。二三月间生苗，茎秆像笔管一样，高一尺多，呈紫红色；叶子像杏叶，也像人参叶、荠菜叶之类，但杏叶圆形，桔梗叶狭长；人参叶两两相对生长，桔梗叶通常三四片轮生，也有不相对的。荠菜叶背面光亮、滑润无毛；桔梗叶背面晦暗涩手，有毛，这是区别所在。夏季开小花，呈紫碧色，很像牵牛花。秋后结果实，根部外面白色里面黄色，中心有芯且味道苦。如果没有芯且味道甜的，那是荠菜。关中地区有一种，茎细色青，叶小像菊花，根黄像蜀葵根的，也可以入药。又有一种木桔梗，根部形状与真桔梗相似，只是咬起来腥涩难以下咽，不作为药用。炮制方法：去掉顶端硬尖二三分，并剪去两侧的附枝。在槐木砧板上细切，用生百合捣成膏状，投入水中浸泡一个时辰（约两小时），取出后用慢火熬干。每四两桔梗，需用百合二两五钱。节皮为其使药。畏忌白芨、龙胆草，禁忌猪肉。配伍牡蛎、远志，可治疗愤怒郁结之气。配伍硝石、石膏，可解除伤寒邪气。其毒性可用白粥化解。只是“节皮”不知具体指什么物体。
【按语】曰：桔梗，如同桔槔（一种汲水工具）的杠杆，倾斜时倒下，装满水时立起，承载上下，其关键在于枢纽，因此符合少阳和少阴枢机药物的特性。雷公炮制时用百合，这是夯实桔梗的基础；玉涵（可能是指某位医家或著作）佐以甘草，这是精炼桔梗，基础夯实且经过精炼，上下气机才能通畅。胸胁是少阳经的分布区域，所以主治胸胁痛如刀刺；至于腹满、肠鸣低沉、心悸气乱，这是上下气机不通畅的表现，惊则气机上逆不下，恐则气机下陷不上，这都是枢机失调的象征。《千金方》用桔梗治疗喉痹咽痛，这属于少阴经的分布区域，也是少阴枢机的表现罢了。
[Shennong Bencao Jing · Lower Grade]
【Flavor and Nature】Pungent, slightly warm, with slight toxicity.
【Indications】Primarily treats stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness, low-pitched borborygmus (intestinal rumbling), and qi disorders such as fright and palpitations.
【Verification】It is stated: Jiegeng grows in the valleys of Haoshan and Yuanju, and is now available everywhere. Seedlings emerge in the second and third lunar months; the stem resembles a writing brush tube, growing over one chi tall, with a purple-red color. The leaves resemble those of apricot, ginseng, or shepherd's purse, but apricot leaves are round, whereas Jiegeng leaves are elongated. Ginseng leaves grow opposite each other in pairs, while Jiegeng leaves typically grow in whorls of three to four, though not always. Shepherd's purse leaves are smooth and hairless on the underside; Jiegeng leaves are dull, rough, and hairy on the underside, which serves as a distinguishing feature. In summer, it bears small flowers that are purple-blue, resembling Convolvulus (morning glory). After autumn, it produces fruit. The root is white on the outside and yellow inside, with a central pith and a bitter taste. If there is no pith and the taste is sweet, it is shepherd's purse. In the Guanzhong region, there is a variety with thin green stems, small chrysanthemum-like leaves, and yellow roots resembling Althaea officinalis (hollyhock) roots, which can also be used medicinally. Another variety, Mu Jiegeng (Woody Jiegeng), has a root shape similar to true Jiegeng, but tastes fishy and astringent when chewed, making it unsuitable for medicinal use. Processing method: Remove the hard tip at the top by two to three fen, and trim off the lateral branches. Finely chop on a locust wood cutting board. Mix with fresh Lilii Bulbus paste, soak in water for one shichen (two hours), then remove and dry over slow fire. For every four liang of Jiegeng, use two tael and five qian of Lilii Bulbus. Jié Pí (joint skin/stalk skin) acts as an assistant drug. It is incompatible with Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma) and Gentianae Radix (Longdan Cao), and pork should be avoided. Combined with Ostrac Shell (Muli) and Polygala Root (Yuanzhi), it treats anger-induced stagnation. Combined with Natrii Sulfas (Xiaoshi) and Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), it resolves Cold Damage (Shanghan). Its toxicity can be resolved with plain rice porridge. However, the identity of "Jié Pí" remains unknown.
【Commentary】It is said: Jiegeng is like the lever of a Jie Gao (a traditional water-lifting device); it falls when tilted and stands upright when filled, carrying loads up and down, relying on a pivot mechanism. Thus, it aligns with the pivot herbs of Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) and Shao Yin (Lesser Yin). Lei Gong processed it with Lilii Bulbus to build its foundation; Yu Han assisted it with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) to refine it. Once the foundation is built and refined, the upper and lower qi mechanisms can be observed and regulated. The chest and hypochondrium are the domains of Shaoyang, hence it treats stabbing pain in these areas. As for abdominal fullness, low-pitched borborygmus, and palpitations/qi disorder, these indicate a failure of communication between the upper and lower. Fright causes qi to rise without descending, and fear causes qi to sink without rising; both are manifestations of pivot dysfunction. The *Qianjin Fang* uses Jiegeng to treat throat obstruction and pain, which belongs to the domain of Shao Yin, representing the pivot phenomenon of Shao Yin.