（别录下品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主伤寒热渴。陈藏器曰∶敷小儿头疮，治大便不通，以苇筒纳入下部三寸，灌
之立下。
【核】曰∶猪豕也，易击坎为豕，性趋下俯首，喜卑秽。天将雨，则进涉水波，为水畜
也。盖十二子，亥为豕，故亥象形。以一阴生于午，至亥而六阴备，谓其嫌于无阳也。是以
猪之在物，以从豕，在气，以从亥，其应水也，为能克其类焉。牝曰 ，曰彘；牡曰KT ，
曰。皮肤血肉、筋骨髓脑、脏腑膏膜、头胪脬卵、悬蹄耳垢、 汤绳缚，咸归药用。若
豕，其
【 】曰∶胆者，肝之腑、谋虑决断之所出焉。经云∶十一脏皆取决于胆、其所赖以断
判流行者众矣。囊皮裹汁，气用为先，是非块然肉好之比。性濡滑，味大苦，气大寒，大
凡火热为眚，燥涸为证者，对待治之。至续脉慰劳，利肠涤垢此则气用前通，并得洁齐形
脏。盖胆者，甲乙之始，阴阳之兆，所赖以断判行流，岂小补云乎哉。
（别录下品）
【气味】微寒，有小毒。
【主治】大人小儿 ，及小儿大腹丁奚，三年不能行者。
【核】曰∶蜘蛛，处处有之。色苍褐而斑，有棘毛，双眸巨口，六足大腹，爪牙锐利，
啮人最毒，尿遗着人，遂作疮疡。腹下有细棱，丝从内放也。结网在人家檐角，篱头陋巷间，
空中右绕作网，纶经二十有四，布纬七十有二，虫豸触着，即放丝捆扎细小，而后啖也。埤
雅云∶蜘蛛结丝，以网飞虫，人之用计，安能过之，扫其网，置衣领中，令人知巧辟忘。入
药唯用悬如鱼罾者，亦名 。赤斑者，名络新妇，入方术家用。余并不采取，种类甚多，
大小颜色，亦不一也。尔雅但分蜘蛛、草、土，及 蛸四种。啮人甚毒，往往见于典籍。按
刘禹锡传信方云∶判官张延赏，为斑蜘蛛咬颈上，一宿有二赤脉绕项下，至心前，头面肿如
数斗，几至不救。一人以大蓝汁，入麝香、雄黄，取一蛛投入，随化为水，点咬处，两日愈。
贞元十年，崔从质员外，被蜘蛛咬，腹大如孕妇，僧教饮芋乳，数日而平。李绛兵部手集云∶
蜘蛛咬人，遍身成疮，饮好酒至醉，则虫于肉中，似小米自出也。刘郁西域记云∶赤木儿城，
有虫如蜘蛛，毒中人则烦渴，饮水立死，饮葡萄酒至醉，吐则解。元稹长庆集云∶巴中蜘蛛
大而毒，甚者身运数寸， 长数倍，竹木被网皆死。中人，疮 、痛痒倍尝，惟以苦酒调雄
黄涂之，仍用鼠负虫食其丝则愈。修治，火熬焦者良。
【 】曰∶蜘蛛喷泄放丝，磨旋右转，结网以网飞虫，知物触而遂诛之，地以阳杀阴藏
之谓乎。易曰∶结绳网罟，以佃以渔盖取诸离。象曰∶明两作离继明照于四方之火德欤，重
门击柝，以待暴客，盖取诸豫。象曰∶雷出地奋，先王以作乐崇德，殷荐之上帝，以配祖考
之木德欤，故圣人之作易也，仰观于天，俯察于地，而又观鸟兽之文，与地之宜，则所谓取
才于物也。仲景两论，为方剂祖，蜘蛛辅木王之桂，曰蜘蛛散，主治阴狐疝，气偏有大小，
时时上下，触突网募，乱作腹心者，尽诛之，卷束狂勃，剪灭不格也。陶隐居遵祖剂作别录，
广治小儿三岁不能行。盖天道左旋，天以阳生阴长；地道右转，地以阳杀阴藏。地道也，坤
道也，应地无疆，以顺天行之健。及小儿大腹疔，此高粱之变，洗除特易易耳。
【别录下品】
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗伤寒引起的发热和口渴。陈藏器说：外敷治疗小儿头疮；治疗大便不通时，用芦苇管插入肛门三寸深处，灌入胆汁，大便即可立刻通畅。
【核析】曰：猪就是豕，《易经》中击坎卦可得豕象，其性情趋向低下、低头俯身，喜欢卑湿污秽的环境。天将下雨时，它便进入水中涉水波，属于水畜。在十二地支中，亥对应猪，所以“亥”字的字形像猪。因为一阴之气从午时开始产生，到亥时六阴之气完备，人们担心它缺乏阳气。因此，猪作为动物，归属于“豕”类；在气运上，归属于“亥”支，其属性应合于水，能够克制其同类（指土，因水土相克或五行生克关系中的特定制约）。母猪称为“牝”，也称为“彘”；公猪称为“牡”，也称为“豵”。猪的皮肤、血肉、筋、骨、髓、脑、脏腑、膏脂、膜、头、膀胱、睾丸、悬蹄、耳垢，以及用来捆绑的汤绳等，都归入药用范围。至于猪的其他部分……
【别录下品】
【气味】微寒，有小毒。
【主治】治疗大人和小儿的狐疝，以及小儿的大腹丁奚病（一种腹部胀大如鼓、身体消瘦、三岁不能行走的病症）。
【核析】曰：蜘蛛到处都有。颜色苍褐带有斑纹，有棘刺状的毛，双眼突出，口大，六足大腹，爪牙锐利，咬人毒性很大，尿液滴到人身上，就会引发疮疡。腹部下方有细棱，丝是从体内吐出的。在人家屋檐角、篱笆头、陋巷间结网，在空中向右旋转结网，经线二十四根，纬线七十二根，昆虫触碰到网，蜘蛛就吐出丝将其捆扎细小，然后吞食。《埤雅》说：蜘蛛结丝，用网捕捉飞虫，人的计谋怎么能超过它呢？扫下它的网，放在衣领中，能让人知晓技巧并忘记机巧之心。入药只使用悬挂如鱼网状的蜘蛛，也称作“蜣螂”（注：此处原文可能有误或通假，通常指特定种类，但依文意保留），红色斑点的，名叫“络新妇”，方术家用。其余都不采集，种类很多，大小颜色也不一。《尔雅》只分为蜘蛛、草蛛、土蛛及蟏蛸四种。咬人毒性很大，往往见于典籍。据刘禹锡《传信方》记载：判官张延赏被斑蜘蛛咬了颈部，一夜之间有两条红脉绕颈向下延伸到心前，头面肿胀如数斗之大，几乎无法救治。有人用大蓝汁，加入麝香、雄黄，取一只蜘蛛投入其中，随即化为水，点涂在咬伤处，两天痊愈。贞元十年，崔从质员外被蜘蛛咬伤，腹部大得像孕妇，僧人教他饮用芋乳，几天后平复。李绛《兵部手集》记载：蜘蛛咬人，全身成疮，喝好酒至醉，虫子会从肉中像小米一样自行出来。刘郁《西域记》记载：赤木儿城有一种虫像蜘蛛，毒中人则烦渴，喝水立即死亡，喝葡萄酒至醉，呕吐后即可解毒。元稹《长庆集》记载：巴中的蜘蛛大而毒，严重的身体能运动几寸，腿长数倍，竹木被网住都会死。人被咬，疮痛痒加倍，只用醋调雄黄涂抹，再用鼠负虫吃它的丝就能痊愈。修治方法：火熬至焦黑者良。
【核析】曰：蜘蛛喷泄吐丝，磨旋右转，结网以捕捉飞虫，知道物体触碰就诛杀它，这符合大地以阳杀阴藏的规律吗？《易经》说：结绳为网，用于狩猎捕鱼，大概取自离卦。象传说：光明相继出现是离卦，象征继明照耀四方的火德吧？重门击柝，以防备暴客，大概取自豫卦。象传说：雷出地奋，先王借此作乐崇德，隆重祭祀上帝，配享祖先，这是木德的体现吧？所以圣人创作《易经》，仰观天文，俯察地理，又观察鸟兽的纹理和大地的适宜之处，这就是所谓从万物中取材。张仲景的两部论著，是方剂的始祖，蜘蛛辅助木王之桂枝，名为蜘蛛散，主治阴狐疝气，偏侧大小不一，时时上下移动，触动突入网募，扰乱腹心的症状，彻底诛灭它们，卷束狂暴之气，剪灭不驯服者。陶弘景遵循祖传方剂编写《名医别录》，扩大了治疗小儿三岁不能行走的功效。大概天道左旋，天以阳生阴长；地道右转，地以阳杀阴藏。地道即坤道，顺应大地无疆，以顺从天行之健。至于小儿大腹疔，这是饮食厚味的变证，洗除特别容易。
[Recorded in Bie Lu, Lower Grade]
【Flavor and Nature】Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
【Indications】Primarily treats fever and thirst caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage). Chen Cangqi stated: Applied externally to treat infantile head sores; for treating constipation, insert a reed tube three cun into the anus and irrigate with bile, resulting in immediate bowel movement.
【Analysis】It is said: The pig corresponds to the Pig (Shi) trigram in the I Ching; its nature tends downward, bowing its head, and prefers low, damp, and filthy environments. When rain is imminent, it enters water to wade, classifying it as a Water animal. Among the Twelve Earthly Branches, Hai corresponds to the Pig, hence the character "Hai" resembles the shape of a pig. Since one Yin qi arises at Wu hour and reaches completion of six Yin qis at Hai hour, people worry about its lack of Yang. Therefore, as an animal, the pig belongs to the "Pig" category; in terms of Qi, it corresponds to the "Hai" branch, aligning with Water, capable of controlling its kind (referring to specific Five Element interactions). The female is called "Pin" or "Zhi"; the male is called "Mu" or "Feng". The skin, flesh, blood, sinews, bones, marrow, brain, viscera, fat, membranes, head, bladder, testicles, hanging hooves, earwax, and ropes used for binding are all utilized in medicine. As for other parts of the pig...
[Recorded in Bie Lu, Lower Grade]
【Flavor and Nature】Slightly cold, slightly toxic.
【Indications】Treats hernia (Huxian) in adults and children, as well as abdominal distension (Dingxi) in infants who cannot walk by age three.
【Analysis】It is said: Spiders are found everywhere. They are grayish-brown with spots, have spiky hairs, prominent eyes, large mouths, six legs, and large abdomens. Their claws and teeth are sharp, and their bite is highly venomous. Their urine landing on a person can cause sores. There are fine ridges under the abdomen, from which silk is extruded internally. They spin webs in the corners of eaves, fence heads, and alleys, spinning clockwise in the air. The web has twenty-four warp threads and seventy-two weft threads. When insects touch the web, the spider extrudes silk to bind them tightly before consuming them. *Pi Ya* states: Spiders spin silk to catch flying insects; how can human strategies surpass this? Placing swept webs in the collar teaches skill and forgetfulness of cunning. For medicinal use, only spiders hanging like fish nets are used, also known as [specific term]. Those with red spots are named "Luo Xin Fu" and are used by alchemists. Others are not collected; there are many species with varying sizes and colors. *Erya* divides them into four types: Spider, Grass Spider, Earth Spider, and Xiao Shao. Their bites are very venomous, often recorded in classics. According to Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang*: Magistrate Zhang Yanshang was bitten on the neck by a spotted spider. Overnight, two red veins wrapped around his neck down to the chest, causing his head and face to swell to the size of several dou, nearly fatal. Someone used indigo juice mixed with musk and realgar, added a spider to it, which dissolved into water. Dabbing this on the bite cured him in two days. In the 10th year of Zhenyuan, Yuanwai Cui Congzhi was bitten by a spider, causing his abdomen to swell like a pregnant woman. A monk advised drinking taro milk, after which he recovered in a few days. Li Jiang's *Bingbu Shouji* records: Spider bites cause widespread sores; drinking good wine until drunk causes the insect to exit the flesh like millet grains. Liu Yu's *Xiyu Ji* records: In Chimu'er City, there is a spider-like insect; if it bites someone, it causes irritability and thirst, leading to death if water is drunk. Drinking wine until drunk induces vomiting, resolving the toxicity. Yuan Zhen's *Changqing Ji* records: Spiders in Bazhong are large and venomous; severe cases involve the body moving inches and legs extending several times their length, killing bamboo and wood caught in the web. Human bites cause intense pain and itching; applying realgar mixed with vinegar helps, and using a mouse-eating worm that consumes the silk promotes healing. Preparation: Fire-roasted until charred is best.
【Analysis】It is said: Spiders spray and spin silk, rotating clockwise, weaving webs to catch flying insects, killing upon contact, reflecting the principle of the earth suppressing Yin through Yang. The *I Ching* says: Knotting ropes into nets for hunting and fishing is derived from the Li (Fire) trigram. The Image commentary states: Light following light is Li, symbolizing the virtue of fire illuminating the four directions. Guarding gates and beating watches to await violent guests is derived from the Yu (Thunder) trigram. The Image commentary states: Thunder emerging from the earth inspires kings to create music and honor virtue, offering sacrifices to Heaven and ancestors, representing the virtue of wood. Thus, the Sage created the *I Ching* by observing heaven above, earth below, and the patterns of birds and beasts, extracting materials from all things. Zhang Zhongjing's two treatises are the ancestors of formulas. Spider combined with Cinnamon Twig (Gui Zhi), forming Spider Powder (Zhizhu San), primarily treats Yin Hernia (Yin Huxian), where gas shifts unevenly in size, moving up and down, disturbing the abdomen and heart. It completely eliminates these disturbances, restraining wildness and cutting off resistance. Tao Hongjing followed ancestral formulas to compile *Bie Lu*, expanding indications to treat infants unable to walk at age three. Generally, Heaven's way rotates left, generating Yang and growing Yin; Earth's way rotates right, suppressing Yin through Yang. Earth corresponds to Kun, adapting to boundless earth, following Heaven's strength. Regarding infantile abdominal distension, this is a change due to rich diet, easily washed away.