（本经上品）
【气味】酸寒，无毒。
【主治】主寒热，泄痢白沃，阴蚀恶疮，目痛，坚骨齿。炼饵服之，轻身不老增寿。
【核】曰∶出河西山谷，及陇西武都、石门，吴中、益州、晋州、青州、慈州、无为州
诸处。颂云∶初生皆石，烧碎煎炼，乃成矾也。凡五种，其色各异，白矾、黄矾、绿矾、黑
矾、绛矾也。时珍云∶折而辨之，不止五种。白矾，方士谓之白君，出晋州者上，青州、吴
中者次之。洁白者为雪矾，光明者为明矾，亦名云母矾；文如束针，状如粉扑者为波斯白矾，
并入药为良。黑矾，铅矾也，出晋地，其状如黑泥者为昆仑矾；其状如赤石脂，有金星者为
铁矾；其状如紫石英，引之成金线，画刀上，即紫赤色者，为波斯紫矾，并不入药饵，惟丹
灶及疮家用之。绿矾、绛矾、黄矾，俱见本品条下。其杂色者，则有鸡屎矾、鸭屎矾、鸡毛
矾、粥矾，皆下品，亦入外丹家用也。修事，凡使白矾石，贮瓷瓶内，置于火中， 令内外
通赤，钳揭起盖，旋安石蜂巢入内烧之。每十两，用巢六两，烧尽为度。取出放冷，研粉，
以纸裹，安五寸深土坑中，一宿取用。又法∶取光明如水晶，酸、咸、涩味俱全者，研作细
粉。以瓷瓶，用六一泥固之，候泥干，入粉三升于瓶内，旋入五方草，及紫背天葵，各取汁
一镒，俟汁干，盖瓶口，更泥封，上下用火百斤， 之。从巳至未，去火取出，则色如银，
研如轻粉用。时珍云∶今人 干谓之枯矾，不 者为之生矾。入服食家法，用新桑合 一具，
于密室净地，以火烧地令热，洒水，或若流于上，乃布白矾于地上，以 覆之，四面用灰壅
定。俟一日夜，其石精皆飞于 上，即扫取之。更如前法，凡数遍乃止，名曰矾精。若欲作
水，即以扫下矾精一斤，纳三年苦酒一斗中，澄清之，号曰矾华，百日弥佳。若急用之，七
日亦可。甘草为之使。恶牡蛎。畏麻黄。
【 】曰∶矾石具五色味，本经品白为上，寒酸偏胜，涩其性，非味也。盖弱土之气，
御于白天生白矾，是禀天一水，转坚金地矣。故一名羽涅。羽者，水之音；涅者，水中之具
土者。固石显土地坚金之体相，熔则仍还水大润湿之本性耳。然则功能，不唯涩去脱，亦滑
去着矣。故泄痢白沃者涩之；息肉疮蚀者滑之；若坚骨固齿，明目增年，及失音瘰 ，痰癖
淡
【本经上品】
【气味】味酸，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗寒热往来、痢疾下白脓（泄痢白沃）、阴部腐蚀恶疮、眼痛，以及坚固骨骼和牙齿。经过炼制后服用，可以身体轻健、延缓衰老、增加寿命。
【核证】曰：矾石产于河西山谷，以及陇西武都、石门，吴中、益州、晋州、青州、慈州、无为州等地。苏颂说：初生时都是石头，烧碎后煎煮提炼，才成为矾。共有五种，颜色各不相同，分别是白矾、黄矾、绿矾、黑矾、绛矾。李时珍说：折断来辨别，不止五种。白矾，方士称为“白君”，以晋州出产的为上品，青州、吴中出产的次之。洁白如雪的称为雪矾，光亮透明的称为明矾，也叫云母矾；纹理像束针一样、形状像粉扑的是波斯白矾，这些入药均为优良。黑矾，即铅矾，产于晋地，状如黑泥的是昆仑矾；状如赤石脂、含有金星的是铁矾；状如紫石英、拉扯能成金线、在刀上画即呈紫赤色的是波斯紫矾，这些都不入内服药饵，只用于炼丹炉和外科疮疡家使用。绿矾、绛矾、黄矾，均在本品条目下另有记载。那些杂色的，则有鸡屎矾、鸭屎矾、鸡毛矾、粥矾，都属于下品，也用于外丹家。炮制方法：凡是使用白矾石，贮存在瓷瓶中，放在火中，让内外都烧得通红，用钳子揭开盖子，随即放入石蜂巢进去烧炼。每十两矾石，用六两石蜂巢，烧尽为止。取出放冷，研磨成粉，用纸包裹，埋在五寸深的土坑中，过一夜后取出使用。又一种方法：选取光亮如水晶、酸、咸、涩味道俱全的，研磨成细粉。用瓷瓶，用六一泥密封固定，等泥干了，将三升粉末装入瓶内，随即加入五方草及紫背天葵，各取汁液一镒，等到汁液干透，盖住瓶口，再用泥封严，上下用火一百斤煅烧。从巳时到未时，去掉火取出，则颜色如银，研磨得像轻粉一样使用。李时珍说：现在人把干燥的称为枯矾，不干燥的称为生矾。进入服食家的方法，用新的桑木合在一起做成一个器具，在密室净地上，用火烧烤地面使其发热，洒水，或者水若流在上面，就把白矾铺在地上，用器具覆盖它，四面用灰壅实固定。等到一天一夜，其石精都飞集到器具上面，就扫取下来。再像前面的方法，反复数次才停止，名叫矾精。如果想制作水剂，就以扫下的矾精一斤，放入三年陈醋一斗中，澄清它，号称矾华，一百天后更佳。如果急着用，七天也可以。甘草作为它的引经药。厌恶牡蛎。畏惧麻黄。
【衍义】曰：矾石具备五色五味，《本经》评定白矾为上品，寒酸偏胜，涩其本性，并非真正的味道。大概是土气虚弱，抵御于白天产生白矾，这是禀受天一之水，转化为坚硬的金属体了。所以一名为羽涅。羽，是水的声音；涅，是水中有土的东西。确实显示了石头显现土地坚硬金属的体相，熔化后仍然回归水大润湿的本性罢了。然而功能方面，不仅涩去滑脱，也能滑去着滞。所以泄痢下白脓的用涩法；息肉疮蚀的用滑法；至于坚固骨骼牙齿、明目延年，以及失音瘰疬、痰癖淡……
[Shangpin (Superior Grade) of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats alternating chills and fever, dysentery with white purulent discharge (Xie Li Bai Wo), corrosive ulcers in the genital area, eye pain, and strengthens bones and teeth. After refining and taking it orally, it lightens the body, delays aging, and increases longevity.
[Verification] Says: Alunite is produced in the valleys of Hexi, as well as in Wudu and Shimen of Longxi, Wuzhong, Yizhou, Jinzhou, Qingzhou, Cizhou, and Wuwei Zhou. Su Song stated: Initially, it is all stone; after being crushed by burning and then decocted and refined, it becomes alum. There are five types, each with different colors: white alum, yellow alum, green alum, black alum, and crimson alum. Li Shizhen said: Breaking it to distinguish, there are more than five types. White alum is called "White Lord" by alchemists; the one from Jinzhou is of the highest quality, followed by those from Qingzhou and Wuzhong. The pure white one is called Snow Alum; the bright and transparent one is called Bright Alum, also known as Mica Alum; the one with textures like bundled needles and shape like a powder puff is Persian White Alum; these are all excellent for medicinal use. Black alum is lead alum, produced in Jin region; the one resembling black mud is Kunlun Alum; the one resembling cinnabar earth with gold stars is Iron Alum; the one resembling purple quartz, which can be drawn into golden threads when pulled and turns purple-red when drawn on a knife, is Persian Purple Alum; none of these are used for internal administration but only for alchemical furnaces and external wound treatment. Green alum, crimson alum, and yellow alum are recorded separately under their respective entries. Those with mixed colors include Chicken Dropping Alum, Duck Dropping Alum, Chicken Feather Alum, and Porridge Alum; these all belong to the Lower Grade and are also used by external alchemists. Processing method: Whenever using white alum stone, store it in a porcelain bottle, place it in fire, let both inside and outside become red hot, use tongs to lift the lid, and immediately insert a stone honeycomb to burn. For every ten taels of alum stone, use six taels of honeycomb, until completely burned. Take out, let cool, grind into powder, wrap in paper, and bury in a soil pit five inches deep for one night before use. Another method: Select those bright as crystal, possessing sour, salty, and astringent flavors, grind into fine powder. Use a porcelain bottle, seal it with Liu Yi Mud, wait until the mud dries, put three sheng of powder into the bottle, then add juice extracted from Wufang Grass and Zi Bei Tian Kui, one yi of each. Wait until the juice dries, cover the bottle mouth, seal again with mud, apply fire of one hundred jin above and below, calcine it. From Si hour to Wei hour, remove fire and take out; the color will be like silver, grind like Qing Fen (Lead Subcarbonate). Li Shizhen said: Nowadays, people call dried alum Ku Fan (Burnt Alum), and undried ones Sheng Fan (Raw Alum). Entering the method of ingestion practitioners: Use a new mulberry wood vessel, in a clean room on clean ground, heat the ground by fire, sprinkle water, or if water flows on top, spread white alum on the ground, cover it with the vessel, and secure the four sides with ash. Wait for one day and night, its stone essence will fly onto the vessel, then sweep it off. Repeat the previous method several times until stopping, named Fan Jing (Alum Essence). If wishing to make liquid, take one jin of swept Alum Essence, mix with one dou of three-year-old vinegar, clarify it, named Fan Hua (Alum Flower), better after one hundred days. If urgent use is needed, seven days suffice. Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gan Cao) acts as its guide drug. It abhors Ostrea gigas (Mu Li). It fears Ephedrae Herba (Ma Huang).
[Yanyi] Says: Alunite possesses five colors and five flavors. The *Bencao Jing* rates white alum as superior. Its cold and sour nature prevails, astringing its inherent nature, which is not truly a flavor. It is essentially weak Earth Qi resisting the generation of white alum during the day, thereby receiving the Water of Tianyi and transforming into a solid Metal form. Hence, it is also named Yu Nie. "Yu" is the sound of water; "Nie" refers to things containing earth within water. It indeed manifests the physical appearance of stone revealing solid earth and hard metal, yet upon melting, it still returns to the original nature of great moisture and wetness of Water. Therefore, its functions are not only to astringe and stop leakage, but also to lubricate and remove stagnation. Thus, for dysentery with white purulent discharge, it is used for astringency; for polyps and erosive sores, it is used for lubrication; regarding strengthening bones and teeth, brightening eyes, increasing years, as well as aphonia, scrofula, phlegm accumulation...