（本经上品）
具筋骨人，方耐岁寒。
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主筋骨间寒热，湿痹拘挛，明目，坚齿，利九窍，去白虫。久服轻身耐老，小
荆实亦等。
【核】曰∶出汴京、秦、陇、明、越诸处。生水滨。苗茎蔓延，高丈许。茎中心方，对
节生枝，枝小弱如蔓。春时旧枝作小叶，如小楝，五月叶成如杏叶，六月作穗，便出青萼，
将开则黄，开时花色红白。九月结实黑斑，大如梧子，极轻虚，实上近蒂处，有白膜盖子，
冬则叶凋，茎则耐寒，次年再发。修治∶去蒂子下白膜一重，酒润一伏时，蒸之，从巳至未，
晒
缪仲淳先生云∶邪去，则九窍通明，痹散，则光泽脂致。
【 】曰∶垂布如蔓，故名蔓；柔枝耐寒，故名荆。主筋骨寒热，湿痹拘挛，柔筋坚齿，
耐老轻身者，象形取治法。为剂中之轻剂、通剂也。顾实体轻扬，而炎上作苦；故利九窍，
去白虫者，秉风木宣和之用耳。先人博议云∶具筋骨关机之象，耐字义深，大有容焉。德备
淳化，故列上品。用合敷和之纪者，无出其右矣。
（本经上品）
【气味】苦温，无毒。
【主治】主骨间寒热，通利胃气，止咳逆，下气。
【核】曰∶出北方，今处处有之。即黄荆实、牡荆实也；一名楚。多生山野，不经樵采
者，树大如碗。茎多不圆，或扁或异，或似竹节；其木心方；其枝对生而不作蔓；一枝五叶，
或七叶，叶如榆叶，略长而尖，边有锯齿；五月梢间作花如穗，红紫色，花多子粗，历历疏
生；结实如胡荽子，正圆色褐，外有白膜裹之。具青赤两种，青者为荆，赤者为 。嫩苗可
作莒 。古者妇女为钗，即此荆也。古者刑杖以荆，亦此荆也。春秋运斗枢云∶玉衡星散而
为荆。凡修治，法同蔓荆。防己为之使，畏石膏。得柏实、青葙、术，同疗风疾。
【 】曰∶实小于蔓，故名小。其木心方，故名荆。不为蔓生，一名牡。子丛而疏，一
名楚。运斗枢云∶玉衡星散而为荆。故主机回不转，偏成骨间寒热之冬入，咳逆下气之秋降，
仰
（蔓荆柔枝耐寒曰荆；小荆其木心方曰荆。然小荆枝亦柔劲，蔓荆木亦心方，故小荆亦
筋骨受之，蔓荆亦属玉衡星散。）
（《神农本草经》上品）
身体具备强健筋骨的人，才能耐受岁月的严寒。
【气味】味苦，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗筋骨间的寒热邪气，湿痹引起的肢体拘挛，具有明目、坚固牙齿、通利九窍、去除白虫的功效。长期服用可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老，小荆实的功效与之相当。
【考证】曰：产于汴京、秦州、陇右、明州、越州等地。生长在水边。苗茎蔓延生长，高度约一丈。茎的中心呈方形，对节处生出枝条，枝条细小柔弱如同藤蔓。春季时旧枝长出小叶，形状像小楝树叶子；五月叶片长成如杏叶；六月抽出穗状花序，随即出现青色花萼，即将开放时呈黄色，盛开时花色为红白色。九月结出带有黑斑的果实，大小如梧桐子，质地极轻且空虚，果实上部靠近蒂头处有一层白色膜盖住，冬季叶子凋落，茎干则耐寒，次年再次发芽。炮制方法：去掉蒂头和果实下方的白色薄膜一层，用酒润浸一个时辰（两小时），然后蒸制，从巳时到未时（上午9点至下午3点），最后晒干。
缪仲淳先生云：邪气去除，则九窍通畅明亮；痹症消散，则肌肤光泽致密。
【按语】曰：垂挂布展如同藤蔓，所以名为“蔓”；柔韧的枝条能够耐寒，所以名为“荆”。主治筋骨寒热、湿痹拘挛，柔筋坚齿、延缓衰老并令身体轻盈，这是取象比类得出的治法。作为药剂中的轻剂、通剂。然而其实体性质轻扬，而炎上之性表现为苦味；因此能通利九窍、去除白虫，是秉承了风木之气宣发调和的作用。先父曾广泛议论道：具备筋骨关节枢纽的形象，“耐”字含义深远，大有包容之意。德行完备且纯厚化育，因此被列为上品。用于配合敷和纪（平和之气）的治疗，没有能超过它的了。
（《神农本草经》上品）
【气味】味苦温，无毒。
【考证】曰：产于北方，如今各地都有。就是黄荆实、牡荆实；又名楚。多生长在山野之中，未经过樵夫砍伐的，树干大如碗口。茎干大多不圆，有的扁平或形态奇异，有的像竹节；其木质中心呈方形；枝条对生但不成藤蔓状；一枝五片叶，或七片叶，叶子像榆树叶，略长且尖端，边缘有锯齿；五月梢头开花如穗状，呈红紫色，花多子粗，疏疏落落分布；结出的果实像胡荽子，正圆形，颜色褐黄，外面包裹着白色薄膜。有青、赤两种颜色，青色的是荆，赤色的是牡。嫩苗可以作为蔬菜食用。古代妇女用来做发钗的，就是这种荆条。古代刑罚用的杖也是荆条，也是这种荆。《春秋运斗枢》说：玉衡星散逸化为荆。凡是炮制方法，与蔓荆相同。防己为其使药，畏惧石膏。得到柏实、青葙子、白术，共同治疗风疾。
【按语】曰：果实比蔓荆小，所以名为“小”。其木质中心呈方形，所以名为“荆”。不成藤蔓状生长，一名叫“牡”。种子丛生而稀疏，一名叫“楚”。《运斗枢》说：玉衡星散逸化为荆。所以主持机枢回转而不转，偏于导致骨间寒热的冬季入侵，以及咳逆下气的秋季下降。
（蔓荆因柔枝耐寒称为荆；小荆因其木心方称为荆。然而小荆的枝条也柔劲，蔓荆的木质也心方，所以小荆也归属于筋骨受病，蔓荆也属于玉衡星散化生。）
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
Only those who possess strong sinews and bones can endure the cold of the years.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold-heat sensations in the sinews and bones, spasms and contractures caused by damp-bi (painful obstruction), brightens the eyes, strengthens the teeth, benefits the nine orifices, and expels white parasites. Long-term use makes the body light and delays aging; Xiao Jing Shi (Small Vitex Fruit) has equivalent effects.
[Verification] It is said: Produced in Bianjing, Qinzhou, Longyou, Mingzhou, and Yuezhou. Grows near water bodies. The seedlings and stems spread and climb, reaching a height of about one zhang (approx. 3.3 meters). The center of the stem is square, with branches growing opposite each other at the nodes; the branches are small and weak like vines. In spring, old branches produce small leaves resembling those of the small chinaberry tree; in May, the leaves mature to resemble apricot leaves; in June, spike-like inflorescences appear, followed by green calyxes; just before blooming, they turn yellow, and when fully open, the flowers are red and white. In September, fruits with black spots form, the size of wutong seeds, extremely light and hollow. Near the stem attachment point on the fruit, there is a white membranous lid. Leaves fall in winter, but the stems withstand the cold and sprout again the following year. Processing: Remove the stem attachment and one layer of the white membrane beneath the fruit, moisten with wine for one shichen (two hours), then steam from Si hour to Wei hour (9 AM to 3 PM), and finally sun-dry.
Mr. Miao Zhongchun stated: When pathogenic factors are expelled, the nine orifices become clear and bright; when bi syndrome dissipates, the skin becomes lustrous and dense.
[Commentary] It is said: Hanging down and spreading like a vine, hence named "Man" (Vine); soft branches that resist cold, hence named "Jing" (Vitex). Treating cold-heat in sinews and bones, damp-bi spasms, softening sinews, strengthening teeth, delaying aging, and making the body light are derived from the method of treating based on morphological characteristics. It serves as a light and unblocking agent among formulas. However, its physical nature is light and ascending, while its inflammatory upward tendency manifests as bitter flavor; thus, benefiting the nine orifices and expelling white parasites relies on the function of wind-wood qi to disseminate and harmonize. My predecessor discussed extensively: It possesses the image of the joints and pivot of sinews and bones; the character "endure" carries deep meaning, implying great tolerance. With complete virtue and pure transformation, it is listed in the Upper Grade. For treatments aligning with the Ji of Fuhe (Harmonious Spreading), none surpass it.
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold-heat sensations in the bones, promotes the free flow of stomach qi, stops cough and counterflow qi, and directs qi downward.
[Verification] It is said: Produced in the north, now found everywhere. It is Huang Jing Shi (Yellow Vitex Fruit) or Mu Jing Shi (Male Vitex Fruit); also known as Chu. It grows mostly in mountains and wilds; trees that have not been cut by woodcutters can be as large as a bowl. The stems are mostly not round, sometimes flat or irregular, resembling bamboo nodes; the wood center is square; branches grow opposite each other but do not form vines; one branch has five or seven leaves, resembling elm leaves, slightly longer and pointed, with serrated edges; in May, flowers appear at the tips in spikes, purple-red, with many flowers and coarse seeds distributed sparsely; the fruits resemble coriander seeds, perfectly round, brownish-yellow, wrapped in a white membrane. There are two colors, green and red; green ones are Jing, red ones are Mu. Young shoots can be eaten as vegetables. Ancient women used this Jing for hairpins. Ancient punishment sticks were also made of this Jing. The Chunqiu Yundou Shu states: The star Yuheng scatters to become Jing. All processing methods are the same as Man Jing. Fang Ji (Stephania Root) acts as its assistant herb; it fears Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Combined with Baishi (Plumula Nelumbinis), Qingxiangzi (Seed of Celosia Cristata), and Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), it treats wind diseases.
[Commentary] It is said: The fruit is smaller than Man Jing, hence named "Xiao" (Small). Its wood center is square, hence named "Jing". It does not grow as a vine, hence another name "Mu" (Male). Seeds cluster but are sparse, hence another name "Chu". The Yundou Shu states: The star Yuheng scatters to become Jing. Therefore, it governs the pivot turning without rotating, predisposing to winter invasions causing cold-heat in bones, and autumn descents causing cough and counterflow qi.
(Man Jing is called Jing because its soft branches resist cold; Xiao Jing is called Jing because its wood center is square. However, Xiao Jing's branches are also soft yet tough, and Man Jing's wood also has a square center; thus, Xiao Jing also affects the sinews and bones, and Man Jing also belongs to the scattering of the star Yuheng.)