通、祛湿热。
甘淡而平。祛湿热以利筋骨，利小便以止泄泻。治筋骨拘挛，杨梅疮毒。（杨梅疮古方
不载
、明正德间起于岭表、其证多属阳明、厥阴、而兼及他经、盖相火寄于厥阴、肌肉属于阳明
故也、医用轻粉劫剂、其性燥烈、入阳明、劫去痰涎从口齿出、疮即干愈、然毒瓦斯窜入经络
筋骨、血液枯槁、筋失所养、变为拘挛痈漏、竟至废痼、土茯苓能制轻粉之毒、去阳明湿热
、用一两为君、薏苡、银花、防风、木通、木瓜、白藓皮各五分、皂角子四分、气虚加人参
七分、血虚加当归七分、名搜风解毒汤。）瘰 疮肿。（湿郁而为热、营卫不和、则生疮肿、
经云∶湿气害人皮肉筋脉是也、土茯苓淡能渗、甘能和、患脓疥而血气旺者、煎汤代茶、甚
妙。）淡渗伤阴。肝肾阴亏者勿服。大如鸭子。连缀而生。俗名冷饭团。有赤白二种。白者
良。可煮食。亦可生啖。忌茶。
通、祛风湿。
甘苦性平。入足阳明、厥阴。（胃、肝。）祛风去湿。（阳明主肉属湿、厥阴主筋属风。）
以固
下焦。以坚筋骨。治风寒湿痹。腰痛久冷。关节老血。膀胱宿水。阴痿失溺。茎痛遗浊。痔
恶疮。（诸病皆阳明湿热流入下焦、萆 能去浊厘清、史国信云∶若欲兴阳、先滋筋力、
若欲便清、先分肝火、杨子建万全护命方云∶凡人小便频数、便时痛不可忍者、此病必因大
腑秘热不通、水液只就小肠、大腑愈加干竭、甚则身热、心躁思水、如此重证也、此疾本因
贪酒色、或过食辛热荤腻之物、积有热毒腐物瘀血、乘虚流入小肠、故便时作痛也、此便数
而痛、与淋证涩而痛不同、宜用萆 一两、盐水炒为末、每服二三钱、使水道转入大肠、仍
以葱汤频洗谷道、令气得通、则便数及痛自减也。肾有二窍、淋证出于溺窍、浊证出于精
窍。）阴虚火炽、溺有余沥。及无湿而肾虚腰痛者。皆禁。有黄白二种。黄长硬。白虚软。（
名粉萆 。）白者良。（时珍曰∶土茯苓、萆 、菝 、形不同而主治不甚相远、岂一类数种
乎、萆 根细长浅白、菝 根作块而黄。）薏苡仁为使。畏大黄、柴胡、前胡。忌茗、醋。
（土茯苓）能通利关节、祛除湿热。
味甘、淡，性平。能祛除湿热以利于筋骨，通利小便以止住泄泻。治疗筋骨拘挛，杨梅疮毒。（杨梅疮在古代方书中没有记载，明代正德年间起源于岭南地区，其病症多属于阳明经、厥阴经，并兼及其他经络，这是因为相火寄居于厥阴经，肌肉归属于阳明经的缘故。医生使用轻粉这种劫剂，其性质燥烈，进入阳明经，劫去痰涎从口齿排出，疮口随即干燥愈合，然而毒气窜入经络筋骨，导致血液枯槁，筋脉失去滋养，变为拘挛、痈疽漏管，甚至最终导致残疾废用。土茯苓能够制约轻粉的毒性，去除阳明经的湿热，用一两作为主药，配合薏苡仁、金银花、防风、木通、木瓜、白鲜皮各五分，皂角子四分，气虚加人参七分，血虚加当归七分，名为搜风解毒汤。）治疗瘰疬、疮肿。（湿气郁结化为热邪，营卫不和，则产生疮肿，《黄帝内经》说：湿气伤害人的皮肉筋脉就是这种情况。土茯苓味淡能渗湿，味甘能和缓，患脓疱疥疮而气血旺盛的人，煎汤当茶喝，非常妙。）但淡渗之品容易损伤阴液。肝肾阴亏者不要服用。土茯苓块茎大如鸭子，连缀生长，俗名叫冷饭团。有赤、白两种，白色的好。可以煮食，也可以生吃。忌饮茶。
（萆薢）能通利、祛风湿。
味甘、苦，性平。入足阳明胃经、足厥阴肝经。（胃、肝。）能祛风除湿。（阳明经主管肌肉属湿，厥阴经主管筋脉属风。）以此固护下焦，以此坚固筋骨。治疗风寒湿痹证，腰痛日久发冷，关节陈旧瘀血，膀胱留积水液，阳痿，遗尿，阴茎疼痛，遗精浊物，痔疮恶疮。（这些病症都是阳明经湿热流入下焦所致，萆薢能分清泌浊。史国信说：如果想要兴阳道，先要滋长筋力；如果想要小便清利，先要分消肝火。杨子建《万全护命方》说：凡是人小便频数，排尿时痛得不能忍受的，这个病必定是因为大肠秘结热盛不通，水液只流向小肠，大肠更加干涸枯竭，甚至身体发热，心中烦躁想喝水，这是很重的病症。此疾本来因为贪恋酒色，或过食辛辣温热荤腥油腻之物，积聚了热毒腐物瘀血，乘虚流入小肠，所以排尿时作痛。这种尿频且痛，与淋证的涩痛不同，宜用萆薢一两，盐水炒后研为末，每次服用二三钱，使水道转入大肠，仍然用葱汤频繁清洗肛门，令气机通畅，则尿频及疼痛自然减轻。肾有两个窍孔，淋证出于溺窍，浊证出于精窍。）阴虚火旺，小便淋漓不尽。以及没有湿邪而肾虚腰痛的人，都在禁忌之列。萆薢有黄、白两种。黄色的长且硬，白色的虚软。（名叫粉萆薢。）白色的好。（李时珍说：土茯苓、萆薢、菝葜，形状不同但主治功效不太相近，难道是一类植物几种吗？萆薢根细长浅白色，菝葜根成块状而黄色。）薏苡仁为使药。畏大黄、柴胡、前胡。忌茗茶、醋。
(Tu Fuling) can unblock joints and dispel damp-heat.
Sweet, bland, and neutral in nature. It dispels damp-heat to benefit the sinews and bones, promotes urination to stop diarrhea. It treats spasm and contracture of the sinews and bones, and yaws (measles-like sores). (Yaws was not recorded in ancient formularies; it originated in Lingnan during the Zhengde era of the Ming Dynasty. The syndrome mostly involves the Yangming and Jueyin meridians, extending to others. This is because the ministerial fire resides in the Jueyin meridian, and muscles belong to the Yangming meridian. Physicians used Qinfen [Calomel], a drastic agent with dry and hot properties. Entering the Yangming meridian, it forces out phlegm-saliva from the mouth and teeth, causing the sores to dry and heal. However, the toxic fumes penetrate the collaterals, sinews, and bones, causing blood emaciation and loss of nourishment to the sinews, leading to spasms, carbuncles, and fistulas, eventually resulting in disability. Tu Fuling can counteract the toxicity of Qinfen and remove damp-heat from the Yangming meridian. Used as the chief herb at 1 liang, combined with Coicis Semen (Yiyi), Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (Jinyinhua), Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Fructus Chaenomelis (Mugua), Cortex Dictamni (Baixianpi) each at 5 fen, Semen Gleditsiae Sinensis (Zaojiaozhi) at 4 fen. For Qi deficiency, add Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) at 7 fen; for Blood deficiency, add Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) at 7 fen. This formula is named Sou Feng Jie Du Tang [Wind-Searching and Toxin-Resolving Decoction]). It treats scrofula and sores/abscesses. (When dampness stagnates and transforms into heat, and Ying and Wei qi are disharmonious, sores and abscesses arise. As stated in the *Huangdi Neijing*: "Dampness harms the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels." Tu Fuling, being bland, can leach out dampness; being sweet, it can harmonize. For those suffering from pustular scabies with robust Qi and Blood, decocting it as tea is excellent.) However, bland and leaching herbs may damage Yin. Those with Liver and Kidney Yin deficiency should avoid taking it. The rhizome is as large as a duck's egg, growing in clusters, commonly known as Leng Fan Tuan (Cold Rice Ball). There are red and white varieties; the white one is superior. It can be boiled for food or eaten raw. Avoid tea.
(Bibo) can unblock and dispel wind-dampness.
Sweet, bitter, and neutral in nature. Enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian. (Stomach, Liver.) It dispels wind and removes dampness. (The Yangming meridian governs the flesh and is associated with dampness; the Jueyin meridian governs the sinews and is associated with wind.) It thereby secures the Lower Jiao and strengthens the sinews and bones. It treats Bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, chronic cold pain in the lower back, old blood stasis in the joints, retained water in the bladder, impotence, urinary incontinence, penile pain, and seminal turbidity, as well as hemorrhoids and malignant sores. (These diseases are all caused by damp-heat from the Yangming meridian flowing into the Lower Jiao. Bibo can separate the clear from the turbid. Shi Guoxin said: "If you wish to stimulate yang, first nourish the sinews; if you wish for clear urination, first subdue Liver fire." Yang Zijian's *Wanquan Huming Fang* states: "Whenever there is frequent urination with unbearable pain during voiding, this illness must be due to constipation and heat obstruction in the Large Intestine, causing fluid to flow only to the Small Intestine, further depleting the Large Intestine. Severe cases present with body heat, mental restlessness, and thirst. This is a critical condition. The root cause is indulgence in alcohol and sex, or excessive consumption of spicy, hot, meaty, and greasy foods, accumulating toxic heat, rotting matter, and stagnant blood, which enter the Small Intestine through deficiency, causing pain during urination. This frequency and pain differ from the strangury syndrome characterized by difficulty and pain. Use 1 liang of Bibo, stir-fried with salt water and powdered. Take 2-3 qian per dose to redirect the water pathway to the Large Intestine. Continuously wash the anus with green onion soup to promote Qi movement, then the frequency and pain will naturally decrease. The Kidney has two orifices: strangury exits from the urinary orifice, while turbidity exits from the seminal orifice.") Contraindicated in Yin deficiency with blazing fire and dribbling urine after voiding, as well as in Kidney deficiency lumbar pain without dampness. There are yellow and white varieties. The yellow one is long and hard; the white one is hollow and soft (known as Fen Bibo). The white one is superior. (Li Shizhen said: "Tu Fuling, Bibo, and Bafu have different shapes but similar therapeutic effects. Are they one species with several varieties? Bibo roots are slender and pale white; Bafu roots are tuberous and yellow.") Coicis Semen (Yiyiren) serves as an envoy herb. It is incompatible with Rheum Palmatum Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), and Peucedani Radix (Qianhu). Avoid tea and vinegar.