一名文武实。补肝肾。
甘酸而温。色黑入肾而补水。（桑乃箕星之精、其精英尽在于葚。）利五脏关节。安魂镇
神。
聪耳明目。生津止渴。（炼膏、又能治服金石药热渴。）利水消肿。解酒乌须。不可多食。多
食致衄。日干为末。蜜丸良。新鲜桑葚滤汁熬膏。入蜜炼稠。点汤、和酒并妙。入烧酒。经
年愈佳。（每日汤点服、亦治瘰 、名文武膏。）取极熟者。
一名谷实。泻软坚。
甘寒而利，消水肿，疗骨哽，明目软坚。（时珍曰∶别录大明、皆云大补益、而修真秘
书又
云∶久服令人骨痿、济生秘览、治骨哽用楮实煎汤、岂非软骨之证乎。南唐书云∶烈祖食
饴、喉中噎、国医莫能愈、吴廷绍独请进楮实汤、一服疾失去、群医他日取用、皆不验、叩
廷绍、答云∶噎因甘起、故以此治之、此即治骨鲠软坚之义尔、群医用治他噎、故不验也、
洛按、陶隐居苏颂抱朴子、皆甚言其功、而方书用之为补者、除杨氏还少丹而外、不多见、
其他如外台秘要用以敷治身面石疽、机要用以治水气蛊胀、集简用以治喉风喉痹、直指用以
治
之义、则古本诸说、未可信也。）水浸取沉者。酒蒸。皮甘平。善
行水。治水肿气满。（皮可为纸、楮汁和白芨、飞面调和、接纸永不解脱。）叶甘凉。祛湿热
。治老少下痢瘴痢。（为末、白痢姜汤下、赤痢沙糖汤下、赤白痢姜糖汤下。）
【干桑葚】又名文武实。能补益肝肾。
味甘、酸，性温。色黑入肾经而滋补肾水。（桑树是箕宿星的精华，其精英全部凝聚在桑葚中。）通利五脏关节。安定魂魄，镇静心神。
使耳聪目明。生津液，止口渴。（制成膏剂，又能治疗服用金石类药物后引起的热渴。）通利小便，消除水肿。解酒毒，使须发变黑。不可多吃。多吃会导致鼻出血。将干燥的桑葚研成粉末，用蜂蜜制成丸药效果良好。新鲜桑葚过滤汁液熬制成膏，加入蜂蜜炼至浓稠，用汤水冲服或和酒饮用都非常好。加入烧酒，存放一年以后效果更好。（每日用汤水冲服，也能治疗瘰疬，名为文武膏。）选取完全成熟的桑葚制作。
【楮实】又名谷实。能泻下软坚。
味甘、寒，有利尿作用，可消除水肿，治疗骨鲠（鱼刺卡喉），明目并软化坚硬之物。（李时珍说：《别录》和《大明本草》都说它大补益，但《修真秘书》又说长期服用会导致骨骼痿弱，《济生秘览》记载用楮实煎汤治疗骨鲠，这难道不是导致软骨的症状吗？《南唐书》记载：烈祖吃饴糖时，喉咙被噎住，御医们都无法治愈，只有吴廷绍请求进献楮实汤，一服药后疾病去除，其他医生后来尝试使用，都没有见效。询问吴廷绍，他回答说：噎阻是因为甘味食物引起的，所以用此法治之，这就是治疗骨鲠、软化坚硬的意义。其他医生用它治疗其他的噎证，所以没有见效。我按语：陶弘景、苏颂、《抱朴子》都极力称赞它的功效，而方书中将其作为补药使用的，除了杨氏还少丹之外，并不多见。其他如《外台秘要》用它来敷治身体面部的石疽，《机要》用它来治疗水气蛊胀，《集简方》用它来治疗喉风喉痹，《直指方》用它来治疗……的古本各种说法，不可轻信。）用水浸泡，取下沉的部分。用酒蒸制。楮树皮味甘、平。善于行水。治疗水肿气满。（楮皮可以造纸，楮汁与白及、飞面调和，接纸永不脱落。）楮树叶味甘、凉。祛除湿热。治疗老少下痢、瘴痢。（研成粉末，白痢用姜汤送服，赤痢用砂糖汤送服，赤白痢用姜糖汤送服。）
[Dried Mulberry Fruit] Also known as Wenwu Shi. Tonifies the Liver and Kidneys.
Sweet, sour, and warm in nature. Its black color enters the Kidney meridian to nourish Kidney Water. (The mulberry tree is the essence of the Ji Star; its refined essence is entirely concentrated in the fruit.) Benefits the five Zang organs and joints. Calms the Hun (Ethereal Soul) and settles the Shen (Spirit).
Improves hearing and vision. Generates body fluids and relieves thirst. (When processed into a paste, it can also treat heat-induced thirst caused by taking mineral drugs.) Promotes urination and reduces edema. Resolves alcohol toxicity and darkens hair. Should not be consumed in excess. Excessive consumption may cause epistaxis. Dried fruits ground into powder and formed into pills with honey are excellent. Fresh mulberries filtered for juice and boiled into a paste, mixed with honey until thick, taken with water or wine, are both wonderful. Added to distilled liquor, it becomes better after one year of storage. (Taken daily dissolved in water, it also treats scrofula, named Wenwu Paste.) Select fully ripe fruits.
[Chinese Paper Mulberry Fruit] Also known as Gushi. Purges hardness and softens accumulation.
Sweet, cold, and diuretic. Reduces edema, treats fishbone impaction (Geng), brightens eyes, and softens hardness. (Li Shizhen said: *Ben Cao Jing Jie* and *Da Ming Ben Cao* both claim it greatly tonifies, but *Xiu Zhen Mi Shu* states that long-term use causes bone flaccidity. *Ji Sheng Mi Lan* records using Chinese paper mulberry fruit decoction to treat fishbone impaction; does this not indicate a symptom of softening bones? *Nan Tang Shu* records: The Liezu choked on maltose, and imperial physicians could not cure him. Only Wu Tingshao requested a decoction of Chinese paper mulberry fruit, which cured him after one dose. Other physicians tried it later without success. When asked, he replied: Choking arises from sweet substances, hence this treatment applies. This is the principle of treating fishbone impaction by softening hardness. Other physicians used it for other types of dysphagia, hence the lack of efficacy. My commentary: Tao Hongjing, Su Song, and *Baopuzi* all highly praise its merits, yet in medical formularies, its use as a tonic is rare, except for Yang's Huanshao Dan. Others include *Waitai Miyao* using it topically for stone abscesses on the body and face, *Jiyao* using it for water qi and gu distension, *Jijian Fang* for throat wind and bi syndrome, *Zhizhi Fang* for... The various ancient texts' claims cannot be readily trusted.] Soak in water and select the sinking portion. Steam with wine. The bark is sweet and neutral. It effectively promotes water metabolism. Treats edema and abdominal fullness due to Qi stagnation. (The bark can be used for papermaking; mixing mulberry sap with Bletilla striata Rhizome [Baiji] and sifted wheat flour creates an adhesive that never detaches.) The leaves are sweet and cool. Expel damp-heat. Treat diarrhea and malarial dysentery in both young and old. (Ground into powder: white diarrhea is treated with ginger water, red diarrhea with sugar water, and mixed red-white diarrhea with ginger-sugar water.)