清热、利大肠。
甘咸寒。有小毒。清热散血。和脾胃。消胀满。下大肠浊气。中其毒者。以莱菔汤解之。
养胃、利小便。
甘淡平。可以养胃。煮汁煎药。亦取其调肠胃。利小便。去湿热。除烦渴之功。（暑月吐泻
大渴、宜饮之。）
糯米 秫米 黍米补气温胃、甘温益气。治脾胃虚寒。泄痢吐逆。小儿痘疮白色。
粳米 米 粟米 粱米（补气养胃、利小便。）甘平益气。养脾胃。利小便。止
烦渴。（罗
天益卫生宝鉴云∶糯粟米粥、气薄味淡、阳中之阴也、所以淡渗下行、能利小便、韩 医通
云∶一人病淋、素不服药、予令专啖粟米粥、绝去他味、旬余减、月余痊、此五谷治病之理
也、张来粥记云∶每晨起食粥一大碗、空腹胃虚、谷气便作、所补不细、又极柔腻、与肠胃
相得、最为饮食之妙诀、齐和尚说山中僧、每将旦、一粥甚系利害、如不食、则终日觉脏腑
燥涸、盖粥能畅胃气、生津液也、又苏轼帖云∶夜饥甚、吴子野劝食白粥云∶能推陈致新、
利膈益胃、粥既快美、粥后一觉、妙不可言也。）一种痰饮之人。不宜食之。（嘉言曰∶粥饮
之、化为痰甚易。予每晨食粥、甚觉合宜、夜膳进粥、即不爽快、正以粥易成痰、早晨行
阳二十五度、不致成痰、即得粥之益、晚间行阴二十五度、即易成痰、则受粥之害、一物也
、早晚宜否之异如此、亦见修养家过午不食、为有理也。）
清热，通利大肠。
（豆腐）味甘、咸，性寒。有小毒。能清热散血，调和脾胃，消除胀满，降下大肠中的浊气。如果中了豆腐的毒，可以用莱菔汤来解。
养胃，通利小便。
（陈米）味甘、淡，性平。可以养胃。煮汁用来煎药，也是利用它调理肠胃、通利小便、去除湿热、解除烦渴的功效。（在暑热月份出现呕吐腹泻、极度口渴时，适宜饮用。）
糯米、秫米、黍米：补气温胃，味甘性温能益气。治疗脾胃虚寒引起的泄泻、痢疾、呕吐逆气。小儿痘疮颜色发白。
粳米、大米、粟米、粱米：补气养胃，通利小便。味甘性平能益气，滋养脾胃，通利小便，止住烦渴。（罗天益《卫生宝鉴》说：糯粟米粥，气薄味淡，属于阳中之阴，所以具有淡渗下行的作用，能通利小便。韩医通说：有一人患淋证，平时不服药，我让他专门吃粟米粥，完全断绝其他食物，十几天后减轻，一个月后痊愈，这是五谷治病原理。张来《粥记》说：每天早晨起来吃一大碗粥，空腹时胃气虚弱，谷气随即产生，所补充的营养不细微，而且极其柔腻，与肠胃相协调，是最为饮食的美妙秘诀。齐和尚说山中的僧人，每当清晨，一碗粥关系很大，如果不吃，就觉得整天脏腑干燥枯竭，因为粥能通畅胃气，生津液。另外苏轼的信札中说：夜里饥饿严重，吴子野劝吃白粥说：能推陈出新，利膈益胃，粥既美味，喝粥后睡一觉，美妙不可言喻。）有一种痰饮体质的人，不适合食用。（嘉言说：粥喝下去，很容易化为痰。我每天早上喝粥，觉得很合适；晚上吃饭喝粥，就不觉得爽快，正是因为粥容易成痰。早晨阳气运行二十五度，不会成痰，就能得到粥的好处；晚间阴气运行二十五度，就容易成痰，就会受到粥的危害。同一种东西，早晚适宜与否的差异如此之大，也可见养生家过了中午不进食是有道理的。）
Clears heat, unblocks the large intestine.
Sweet and salty in flavor, cold in nature. Slightly toxic. Clears heat and dissipates blood stasis, harmonizes the spleen and stomach, reduces distension and fullness, and descends turbid qi from the large intestine. If poisoned by it, detoxify with Radish Decoction (Laifu Tang).
Nourishes the stomach, promotes urination.
Sweet and bland in flavor, neutral in nature. Can nourish the stomach. Boiled juice used to decoct herbs also utilizes its functions of regulating the intestines and stomach, promoting urination, removing damp-heat, and relieving irritability and thirst. (Suitable for drinking during summer months when vomiting, diarrhea, and extreme thirst occur.)
Glutinous rice (Nuomi), Sorghum (Shumi), Broomcorn millet (Shumi): Tonifies qi and warms the stomach; sweet and warm in flavor, benefits qi. Treats deficiency-cold of the spleen and stomach, diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting, and regurgitation. White-colored smallpox lesions in children.
Japonica rice (Jingmi), Rice (Mi), Foxtail millet (Sumi), Coix seed/Job's tears (Liangmi - *Note: Context implies millet varieties*): Tonifies qi and nourishes the stomach, promotes urination. Sweet and neutral in flavor, benefits qi, nourishes the spleen and stomach, promotes urination, and stops irritability and thirst. (Luo Tianyi in *Weisheng Baojian* states: Glutinous and foxtail millet porridge has thin qi and bland flavor, belonging to yin within yang, thus having a mild diuretic effect descending downward, capable of promoting urination. Han Yitong states: A person suffered from strangury (Lin syndrome) and usually did not take medicine. I instructed him to exclusively consume foxtail millet porridge, completely abandoning other flavors. After more than ten days, symptoms decreased; after more than a month, he recovered. This illustrates the principle of grains treating disease. Zhang Lai in *Zhou Ji* states: Eating a large bowl of porridge every morning, when the stomach is empty and weak, grain qi arises immediately. The supplementation is significant, and it is extremely soft and smooth, harmonizing with the intestines and stomach, making it the best secret of diet. Monk Qi said that mountain monks rely heavily on one bowl of porridge at dawn. If they do not eat it, they feel their internal organs are dry and parched all day, because porridge can smooth stomach qi and generate body fluids. Additionally, in Su Shi's letters: "Severe hunger at night," Wu Ziye advised eating white porridge, saying: "It can eliminate old substances and generate new ones, benefit the diaphragm and stomach. The porridge is delicious, and the sleep after eating it is indescribably wonderful." People with phlegm-fluid retention should avoid eating it. (Jiayan stated: Porridge easily transforms into phlegm when drunk. I find it suitable to eat porridge every morning; however, eating porridge for dinner makes me feel uncomfortable, precisely because porridge easily forms phlegm. In the morning, yang qi circulates twenty-five times, preventing phlegm formation, thus gaining the benefits of porridge; in the evening, yin qi circulates twenty-five times, easily forming phlegm, thus suffering the harm of porridge. The same substance differs in suitability between morning and evening so greatly, which also shows that the health preservation practice of not eating after noon is reasonable.)